- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth набір зубів
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
Anatomy of individual teeth
A collection of extracted teeth in good condition is a great help in learning anatomy,
Incisors have one root and flattened chisel-shaped crowns. The upper crowns are much wider than their lower counterparts.
The upper lateral incisor crown is smaller than the upper central; out the lower lateral crown is slightly larger than the lower central.
These have large conical crowns and one long root. The upper canine is larger than the lower and has the longest root of the whole dentition.
The upper first premolar has two roots, one buccal and one palatal. The remaining premolars have one root. Each premolar has two cusps, one buccal and one palatal or lingual.
The cusps of upper premolars are much bigger than lowers and are almost equal in size. The lingual cusp of lower premolars is much smaller than the buccal cusp.
Upper molars have three roots, two buccal and one palatal. The buccal roots are mesial and distal.
Lower molars have four cusps, two buccal and two palatal. Their crowns are characterized by an oblique ridge which runs from the mesio-palatal cusp to the disto-buccal cusp. Upper first molars often have an extra cusp on their mesio-palatal surface.
This is called the cusp of carabelli.
Lower first molars have five cusps, three buccal and two lingual. Lower second molars have four cusps, two buccal and two lingual.
First molars are the largest teeth of all. Third molars are very variable in size and number of roots and cusps. Usually they are the smallest molars and their roots are frequently fused together.
Deciduous molars are like miniature permanent molars. They have the same number of roots but their crowns are much whiter and more bulbous than permanent ones. To provide space for the developing premolars, the roots of deciduous molars are more divergent than those of permanent molars.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Insert prepositions or adverbs:
A collection of extracted teeth... good condition is a great help... learning anatomy.
The upper canine has the longest root... the whole dentition.
The cusps... upper premolars are almost equal... size.
Their crowns are characterized... an oblique ridge.
Upper first molar often have an extra cusp... their mesio-palatal surface.
Upper teeth overlap the lower... the buccal side.
... the midline the mesial edges... lower central incisors form straight vertical line.
Their cusps grind the food... a soft mass.
Exercise 2. Translate into English:
Різець має долотувату форму коронки.
Коронка ікла конічної форми.
Верхній нервовий премоляр та щічний та піднебінний корені.
Бугри нижніх премолярів менші за верхніх.
Нижні моляри мають два корені: один медіальний та один дистальний.
Косий скіс коронки верхніх молярів йде від мезиально-піднебінного до дистально-щічного бугрів.
У третього моляра різні розміри, а також кількість коренів та бугрів.
TEST
Every tooth consists of a …
crown, a jaw and one or more roots
crown, a neck and only one root
upper jaw, a neck and three roots
lower jaw, a neck and two roots
crown, a neck and one or more roots
Every tooth … of enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp.
composed
is composed
composing
compose
composes
Enamel is insensitive … pain.
for
of
at
to
by
Unlike most other … it cannot undergo repair; thus any damage caused by decay or injury is permanent.
cementum
enamel
tissues
dentine
pulp
Cementum meets enamel at the neck of the …
tooth
jaw
crown
tongue
lingula
Dentine occupies the … of the crown and root, and is very sensitive to pain.
interior
posterior
middle
upper
lower
The nerves … the pulp are responsible … pain felt when dentine is drilled or toothache occurs.
for … of
of … for
at … of
at … for
of … at
Incisors have … root and flattened chisel-shaped crowns.
one
two
three
four
five
The upper lateral … crown is smaller than the upper central.
molar
premolar
canine
incisor
wisdom tooth
The cusps of upper premolars are much … than lowers and are almost equal in size.
smaller
larger
longer
bigger
shorter