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Одесский национальный медицинский университет
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[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
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Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (срс)

I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення:

  1. здібність метастазуватися

  2. волокниста оболонка сполучної тканини

  3. ріст доброякісної пухлини

  4. пухлина, що загрожує життю

  5. видаляти за допомогою оперативного втручання

  6. найбільш ефективні методи лікування

  7. реагувати на хіміотерапію та променеву терапію

  8. підлягати систематичному обстеженню

  9. викликати негетивну дію на здоров’я

  10. бути причиною пошкодження органа

II. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання:

  1. What tumor lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue or metastasize?

  2. What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

  3. What consequences may a “mass effect” due to the growth of benign tumors produce?

  4. What are the most effective approaches in treating benign tumors?

  5. What are the most common screening methods for various tumors?

III. Розкрийте поняття: доброякісні пухлини

Test

    1. A benign tumor is a mass of cells that lacks the ability …. neighboring tissue or metastasize.

a)invades b)invade c)to invade d)invaded e)invading

    1. Also, benign tumors generally have a … growth rate than malignant tumors.

a) slower b) slow c) slowest d) more slow e) the most slowest

    1. Benign tumors are typically surrounded … an outer surface or remain with the epithelium.

a) by b) on c) for d) from e) out

    1. Although benign tumors will not metastasize or locally invade tissues, some types may still … negative health effects.

a) reduce b) reveal c) develop d) produce e) confuse

    1. Many types of benign tumors have the potential to become cancerous (malignant) through a process known as … .

a) tumour regression b) tumour collection c) tumour reduction

d) tumour pressure e) tuour progression

    1. … is usually the most effective approach and is used to treat most benign tumors.

a) therapy b) surgery c) cryotheraty d) radiation e) chemotherapy

    1. To prevent the development of any tumors we should undergo systematic … in order to detect small irregularities or tumors as early as possible.

a) enquiring b) monitoring c) X-ray examining

d) screening e) imagining

    1. The scrapping of the skin or internal surface of an organ or body cavity by means of a spoon-shaped instrument(curette) usually to remove diseased tissue or to obtain a specimen for diagnostic purposes is called as … .

a) massage b) visage c) curettage d) heritage e) collage

    1. A blemish or new growth on skin formed before birth, usually brown or dark red is called as … .

a) wart b) verruca c) nevus d) birthmark e) acne

    1. Adenomas of the rectum may be treated with … , a treatment in which chemicals are used to shrink blood vessels in order to cut off the blood supply.

a) chemotherapy b) cryotheraty c) thermotherapy

d) sclerotherapye)radiotherapy

MALIGNANT TUMOURS

Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary:

neoplasm, n

['niəuplæsm]

неоплазма, новоутворення

cancerous, adj

['kænsərəs]

раковий

malignant, adj

[mə 'lignənt]

злоякісний

benign, adj

[bi 'nain]

доброякісний

carcinoma, n

[ka:si 'n əumə]

ракове новоутворення, карцинома

sarcoma, n

[sa:'k əumə]

саркома

lymphoma, n

[lim 'f əumə]

лімфома

leukemia, n

[lu 'ki:miə]

лейкемія

adenoma, n

[adi 'nəumə]

аденома

pollutant, n

[pə 'lu:tənt]

забруднююча речовина

hereditary, adj

[hi 'reditəri]

спадковий

chemotherapy, n

[ki:mə 'θerəpi]

хіміотерапія

likelihood, n

['laiklihud]

ймовірність, вірогідність

current, n

['kʌrənt]

дійсний

approximately, adj

[ə'proksimətli]

приблизно

quit, v

['kwit]

кидати

irregularity, n

[i'regju 'læriti ]

відхилення від норми

testicular, adj

[te'stikjulə]

тестикулярний, що відноситься до яєчка

smear, n

[smiə]

мазок

X-rays (pl.), n

['eks-reis]

рентгенівське проміння

Exercise 2. Read the word combinations and sentences with the new words and translate them into Ukrainian:

Hereditary: a hereditary disease; a hereditary trait; hereditary collagen dysplasia; hereditary defect; hereditary melanoma; hereditary thrombopathias. The environment may affect the degree to which a hereditary trait develops. Organisms can transmit some hereditary conditions to their offspring even if the parents do not show the trait.

Irregularity: treatment for menstrual irregularities; irregular heartbeat; irregularities in some areas of the brain.

Malignant: malignant edema; malignant adenoma; malignant bone cyst; malignancy of male reproductive system. This malignant disease, more fatal than the smallpox, broke out among the soldiers and sailors, and destroyed the greater part of them.

Chemotherapy: chemotherapy drugs; adjuvant chemotherapy; oral chemotherapy; intravenous (IV) chemotherapy; topical chemotherapy; intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is used to slow the growth of cancer cells or to keep the cancer from spreading to other parts of the body.

Exercise 3. Find corresponding equivalents:

  1. malignant neoplasm

  2. non-cancerous tumors

  3. pollutants of environment

  4. hereditary disease

  5. X-ray examination

  6. to quit smoking

  7. in the current year

  8. to examine smear

  9. in all likelihood

  10. testicular self-examination

  11. the likelihood of cancer

  12. to detect irregularities

  1. в поточному році

  2. виявляти відхилення від норми

  3. злоякісні новоутворення

  4. неракові пухлини

  5. забруднювачі навколишнього середовища

  6. спадкова хвороба

  7. рентгененологічне обстеження

  8. кинути палити

  9. вивчати мазок

  10. тестикулярна самоперевірка

  11. вірогідність захворювання раком

  12. цілком ймовірно

Exercise 4. Match the following terms with their definitions:

  1. imaging

  1. .... in medicine, is used to identify an unrecognized disease in individuals without signs or symptoms. Screening interventions are designed (предназначать) to identify disease in a community early, thus enabling earlier intervention and management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering from a disease.

  1. screening,

  1. In medicine, ... is the observation of a disease, condition or one or several medical parameters by using a medical monitor over time (через некоторое время).

  1. monitoring

  1. Medical … is the technique and process used to create images of the human body or parts and their function for clinical purposes or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and physiology). Among them are: Ultrasound Imaging, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Medical X-rays, such as: Radiography (рентгенография), CT (Computed Tomography), Fluoroscopy (рентгеноскопия), Mammography.

Exercise 5. Give adjectives to the following nouns. Translate into Ukrainian:

Model: Cancer - cancerous

  1. cancer

  2. medicine

  3. malignancy

  4. cell

  5. distance

  6. lymph

  7. blood

  8. difference

  9. presence

  10. absence

  11. lung

  12. bone

  13. cartilage

  14. muscle

  1. gland

  2. environment

  3. genetics

  4. immunity

  5. heredity

  6. obesity

  7. microscopy

  8. possibility

  9. testicle

  10. currency

  11. mouth

  12. liver

  13. connection

  14. support

Exercise 6. Translate the word combinations into your language:

A malignant neoplasm; unregulated cell growth; to grow uncontrollably; to invade nearby parts of the body; spread to more distant parts of the body; through the lymphatic system or bloodstream; supportive tissues; benign tumors; to be non-cancerous; life- threatening; in the bone marrow; to afflict the human; environmental pollutants; existing genetic faults; faults within cells; to be entirely hereditary; screening tests; medical imaging; the likelihood of developing cancer; a current tobacco user; Breast self-examination; Pap smears; immune system tissue; the pituitary gland; approximately five to ten percent.

Exercise 6. Read and translate:

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