VII. Прочитайте запитання до тексту. З приведених варіантів відповідей визначте літеру, яка містить правильну відповідь на поставлені запитання.

1.What are the problems in driving a car for along?

a) to keep the car at a fairly steady speed and to make sure that a man does not run into the car in front of him.

b) to keep the car clean and to drive at a high speed

c) to have one more driver and money

2. Who is experimenting with a system which involves computer control?

a) The Volkswagen company

b) the Ford Motor company

c) the Kharkov’s automobile company

3. What system will be useful to drivers stuck in long queues of cars?

a) “Climat control”

b) “airbags”

c) “minigap”

Варіант 3.

I. Перепишіть наступні речення, визначте в кожному дієслівну форму і стан дієслова-присудка (див. Зразок1). Перекладіть речення українською або російською мовою.

1. He has been offered a very interesting job at that institute.

2. In our scientific age great progress is being made in the study of outer space

3. Usually the students are examined in the room 41.

4. On Thursdays the foreign students were being shown lecture halls and laboratories of the Moscow University.

5. This invention was spoken of at the meeting of our scientific society.

6. The telegram will be sent tomorrow

7. By the time you get into contact with us we shall have done the greater part of work.

II. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх українською або російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення слів it, that, one (див. Зразок 2)

1. That idea is one of the most important ideas for modern industry.

2. One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.

3. It was not until I came here that I heard about it.

4. It is said that it was Lomonosov who first determined the existence of atmosphere round Venus.

III. Перепишіть речення і перекладіть їх українською або російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення дієслів to be, to do, to have

1. Some substances do not conduct heat.

2. Our plant is to increase the output of consumer goods.

3. Soon our industry will have new and cheap sources of energy.

4. These computers will have to perform millions of operations pres second.

5. An electron is very small and it has a very small mass

6. It has been found all the great variety of substances known to chemistry are different combinations of chemical elements.

IV. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх українською або російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на безсполучникову підрядність (див. зразок 3)

1. The hostels our students live in are situated not far from the metro station.

2. I think he has made a mistake in his calculations.

3. We know radio and radar systems play a very important role at any airport.

4. The methods we have just described are very effective.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення і перекладіть їх українською або російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на функції інфінітива.

1. To know the principles of modern radar specialists must study radio and electronics.

2. Mars will probably be one of the first worlds to be reached by men.

3. Our plan is to improve the device.

4. He is to repeat the experiment more accurately.

5. We are happy to have taken part in this construction

6. To study this phenomenon requires much knowledge.

VI. Прочитайте і усно перекладіть українською або російською мовою 1, 3, 4 абзаци тексту. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть 2, 5 абзаци.

The Development of Electronics

1. Electronics is the science that studies the principles and technology of devices based on the phenomena of electric cur­rents in a vacuum (electronic devices) and in rarefied gases (ionic devices).

2. Electronics is the basis of modern automation, because it solves the most complicated problems in automation and pro­duction processes by relatively simple means. It is not possib­le even briefly to list the industrial and scientific problems that find solution in modern electronics. The development of electronics is particularly rapid. The progressive role of electronics in all branches of technology makes if obligatory for engineers in all fields to learn the basic principles of this science.

3. The preparatory stage in the development of electronic devices was laid primarily by the profound researches of the Russian physicist Stoletov who first formulated the law of electron emission by a heated body (1839—1856). Next, the discovery of the vacuum device (the electron valve) was prepared by Lodygin's invention of the first vacuum device to be widely used — the incandescent lamp (1847—1923).

4. The thermionic emission effect was observed in the incandes­cent lamp already in 1881 by T. A. Edison: when a galvano­meter is connected between the filament and a special auxi­liary electrode in the lamp, (here passes through the galvano­meter a small current from the filament to the electrode. This current is caused by the transfer of electrons from the hot filament to the cold electrode.

5. However, it was only the discovery of radio by A. S. Popov that gave a powerful stimulus to the development of electronics. The first two-electrode valves (detectors for wire­less communication receivers) were made in 1904 soon after this discovery. The use of a grid made it possible to use the three-electrode valve first as an amplifier (1911) and then as a vacuum tube alternating current oscillator (1913).