Неличные формы глагола. Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая свойствами глагола и существительного. Он переводится на русский язык существительным, глаголом и деепричастием. Герундий образуется от основы глагола путем прибавления суффикса ing. Он имеет 4 формы:

Active Voice doing having done

Passive Voice being done having been done

Свойства глагола:

Герундий имеет форму времени и залога, может иметь прямое дополнение, может определяться наречием. He likes driving quickly. – Он любит быстро ездить (быструю езду). They don’t approve of their son’s watching TV too often. – Они не одобряют того, что их сын слишком часто смотрит телевизор.

Свойства существительного:

Герундий может быть в предложении подлежащим, прямым дополнением, употребляться с притяжательным местоимением и существительным в притяжательном падеже, а также после предлогов in, on, upon, before, at, after, with, for, for fear of, owing to, without, by, in spite of: She dreams of going abroad. By studying the wave patterns scientists can learn a lot about the earth’s interior. Reading scientific books is useful. She left the room without saying goodbye.

Герундий также употребляется после некоторых модальных сочетаний, например: can't imagine, can't stand, can't help, а также после фразеологического сочетания to feel like: I can’t stand smoking. We couldn’t help laughing when we saw them. I don’t feel like going to the swimming-pool in such frosty weather.

Употребление глаголов с неличными формами в качестве дополнения:

Verbs + -ing	Verbs + to infinitive
admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, favour, can’t help, imagine, mind, miss, postpone, practise, recall, recollect, recommend, regret, remember, require, resent, resist, risk, suggest, be used to, get used to, look forward to, feel like, etc.	advise, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, beg, choose, claim, consent, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, mean, need, offer, order, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seek, seem, swear, tend, threaten, undertake, want, wish, used, would like, etc.

Verbs + -ing or to infinitive:

begin, cease, continue, hate, intend, like, love, omit, prefer, propose, start.

He stopped to smoke. vs He stopped smoking.

She remembered calling them the day before. vs Remember to call me tomorrow.

Ex.105. Translate the sentences. Mind the use of gerunds.

1. Wearing black clothes makes me feel confident. 2. He feels nervous about wearing bright colours. 3. You can try your hand at sailing on inland waters. The gentle Broads waters are ideal for beginners. 4. Blankets or sleeping bags are supplied on request. 5. Don’t worry if you have had no previous experience in handling a boat. 6. Beginners can book a special trip with an experienced yachtsman before setting off. 7. Kids love observing wildlife at close range. 8. It has also kept scientists from making the detailed studies they would like. 9. You’ll enjoy swimming in the clean seas and playing on the sands under the eye of qualified beach guards. 10. The idea of living in a place without a garden is strange to the British mind. 11. So like photocopying, e-mail and twittering from public restrooms, ETS testing has become an integral part of the American Way. 12. These countries suggest revising the international group’s role and harmonizing it with the current global financial architecture. 13. They insist on changing the system of distribution of votes in the IMF in favour of the most rapidly developing countries that play a substantial role in the global economy.

Ex.106. Which alternative is correct? Where can you use both?

1. It’s fun to go / going shopping. 2. I’m looking forward to go / going to the party.

3. I’d like to go/ going to the party. 4. Please take care. Some entrances involve to use / using steep stairs. 5. If you have difficulties to follow / in following your chosen route, please approach a warder who will be happy to help you. 6. I told my best friend the news before to tell / telling everyone else. 7. To swim / swimming is a good way of getting fit. 8. To live / living with other people is often quite difficult. 9. To listen / listening to music is very relaxing. 10. To get / getting a DVD is cheaper than going to the cinema. 11. To drive / driving a car when you are 15 is illegal. 12. I don’t think to buy/buying CDs is a waste of money.

Ex. 107. Complete the sentences by choosing the right verb from the box. Decide if it is a gerund or not.

arrive get cook be see wait use give play dump make

Example: He apologized for being late.

1. I’m tired of … for Dan – he is half an hour late. 2. I really don’t know how to … this computer properly. 3. They are thinking about … tickets for the show next week. 4. His sister is really good at … French food. 5. We are looking forward to … you soon. 6. I can’t decide what to … Lucy for her birthday. 7. They are not interested in … ball games. 8. He is awfully worried about … in Australia this week. 9. Water pollution is caused by … wastes into lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. 10. Another important thing in … the weather is water.

Ex. 108. Match.

A.	First computers	E.	Professional sport
B.	Risky sport	F.	Shopping from home
C.	Shopping in comfort	G.	New users
D.	Difficult task	H.	Digging for the past

1. A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of equipment.
2. For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shopping.
3. Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership.
4. Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, self-contained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain.
5. Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient.
6. Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.
7. Substantial remains of an octagonal Roman bath house, probably reused as a Christian baptistry, have been uncovered during a student training excavation near Faversham in Kent. The central cold plunge pool was five metres across, and stood within a structure which also had underfloor heating and hot pools, probably originally under a domed roof.
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