Модальные глаголы с перфектным и длительным инфинитивом

Особенности употребления модальных глаголов.

Длительный инфинитив (be doing) подчеркивает процесс.

He may be watching TV now. – Возможно, он сейчас смотрит телевизор.

He must be watching TV now. - Должно быть, он сейчас смотрит телевизор.

He should be studying instead. – А вместо этого ему следует сейчас заниматься.

Перфектный инфинитив (have done) относит действие к прошлому.

She couldn’t have done it. – Не может быть, чтобы она сделала это.

Can / could + Perfect Infinitive употребляется для выражения способности, возможности совершить действие в прошлом. Действие либо не выполнено, либо неизвестно, выполнено оно или нет.

He could have lost his key in the rush. – Возможно, он потерял ключи в спешке. или Он мог потерять ключи в спешке.

Might + Perfect Infinitive выражает:

a) упрек, раздражение:

You might have come earlier. We have already done everything ourselves. – Вы могли бы прийти и пораньше. Мы уже сами все сделали.

b) предположение (причем might передает больше сомнения, неуверенности):

They might have seen the film. – Может быть, они видели этот фильм.

Must + Perfect Infinitive употребляется для выражения предположения, граничащего с уверенностью, в отношении к прошедшему времени.

They must have forgotten his address. – Должно быть, они забыли его адрес.

Needn’t + Perfect Infinitive указывает, что не было необходимости совершать действие, о котором идет речь.

You needn’t have come so early. – Вам не надо было приходить так рано.

Ought to (should) + Perfect Infinitive указывает на невыполнение долга или обязательства (должен был, следовало).

You should have done it long ago. – Вам следовало сделать это давно (но вы не сделали).

Ex.92. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Regular visitors may have visited his open studio in April 2003. 2. His mobile phone must have been switched off, he didn’t answer. 3. You ought to have taken the books back to the library last week and now they are overdue. 4. You shouldn’t have crossed the street when the lights were red. 5. When I came, there was nobody there. They must have left before. 6. I’ve got a toothache. – You shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate. 7. She couldn’t have said it, it’s not like her. 8. He might be taking an exam now. His phone is switched off. 9. Where is Sara? - She may be having her English class now. 10. Why are you listening to music? You must be working on your report. 11. The Russian leadership may not be thinking of the long-term interests of their own country, said Satter.

Ex.93. Fill in the appropriate form of the infinitive. 1. I think you ought to (tell) your parents that you were out. They were anxious. 2. You should not (bother) them, they were very busy. 3. You might (take) part in the performance. You missed a chance to show your artistic skills. 4. He doesn’t answer the phone. – He may (study), he has an exam tomorrow. 5. You need not (carry) this luggage yourself, there were a lot of porters around. 6. They could (go) out, nobody was in. 7. You must (leave) the bag in the hall. You came back without it.

Ex.94. Revision. Present tenses

Test 1. Read the conversation between two friends. Then look at the answers below and write the correct answer in each space.

Julie: Who (0) is Michelle talking to?

Sandy: I can’t see Michelle.

Julie: You (1) ………… looking in the right direction. She’s over there.

Sandy: Oh, that’s Adrian. He’s new here.

Julie: Really? Where (2) … …….. he live? (3)…… you know?

Sandy: No. I (4) ……… know anything else about him.

Julie: What (5)……………. they talking about, I wonder?

Sandy: Well, he (6) ………. look very interested. He’s got a very bored expression on his face. And he (7) ……… saying anything.

0 a) are b) do c) does d) is

1 a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t

2 a) are b) do c) does d) is

3 a) Are b) Do c) Does d) Is

4 a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) ’m not

5 a) are b) do c) does d) is

6 a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t

7 a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t

Test 2. Read Tessa’s postcard and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space.

We’re (0) having a great time here. It’s beautiful, and the sun (1) …… shining. Yesterday I went water-skiing! What (2) …… you think of that?

I’m (3) …….. … at a table in our hotel room and writing a few postcards. The room is fine, but the food (4) …… . We (5) …… like it very much. But it (6) ………. matter because we (7) ……….. out to a restaurant every evening.

We’re both (8) … very lazy at the moment. I (9) … up quite late in the morning, and Nigel (10) … up even later. You know of course how much Nigel’s work (11) …… to him and how he’s (12) … talking about it. Well, the holiday is so good and he’s forgotten all about his work. So it’s the perfect holiday. The only problem is that it’s (13) … us a lot of money. But we’ll worry about it later.

Test 3. Each of these sentences has a mistake in it. Write the correct sentences.

0 The children is doing their homework now. - The children are doing their homework now.

1. The girls are play tennis at the moment. 2. Both my brothers likes sport. 3. Anna wearing her new coat today. 4. What color you like best? 5. My suitcase is weighing ten kilos. 6. At the moment I stay at a hotel. 7. Robert catch the same bus every morning. 8. What is this word here mean?