Оборот there is / there are

Эта конструкция выражает наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица или явления в определенном месте. После оборота there is / there are ставится подлежащее. Перевод таких предложений начинается, как правило, с обстоятельства места.

There are four seasons in a year. В году 4 сезона.

There is a good language lab in our building. В нашем корпусе есть хорошая лингвистическая лаборатория.

Если за оборотом следует существительное в единственном числе, то и глагол to be ставится в единственном числе.

В Past Simple глагол to be имеет формы was или were, e.g. There was a great holiday in November. There were no problems with books in the library.

В Future Simple глагол to be имеет форму will be, e.g. There will be an English class at 3 o’clock.

В Present perfect глагол to be имеет формы have been или has been: there has been a serious problem with computers this week. There have been many changes recently.

В вопросах используется инверсия, т.е. глагол to be или вспомогательный глагол в аналитической форме ставится перед there, e.g. Will there be an English class at 3 o’clock? Are there four seasons in a year? Was there a great holiday in November? Has there been any good news recently?

Ex.77. Fill in the gaps and translate into Russian:

1. There … twelve students in our group. 2. There … much snow last winter. 3. There … some tests next week. 4. There … many exotic countries in the world. 5. There … nobody in the next room. 6. There …a map of the world in the classroom but I can’t see it anywhere. 7. I’m afraid there … no milk in the fridge. 8. … there any dictionaries left in the room yesterday? 9. I’m not sure if there … any news lately. 10. What … there in your bag?

Ex.78. Translate into English:

1. В нашем городе есть несколько театров и музеев. 2. Сегодня 3 пары (classes), а завтра будет 4. 3. В октябре 31 день. 4. В следующем году будет много новых предметов. 5. Вчера никого не было в университете. 6. В нашей квартире 3 комнаты. 7. В нашей области много исторических мест.

Ex.79. Describe the room you are in. Use constructions “there is”, “there are”.

Ex.80. Translate into Russian.

1. There are many examples from both the human and the animal literatures. 2. There is a good deal of evidence that stress and physical illness are related, in both animals and human beings. 3. There is a growing consensus in the approach to military actions. 4. There’s nothing you can buy for one kopek. 5. There’s one point to note: salespeople will have to increase their prices. 6. In the Central Administrative District of Moscow there are currently 26 Constructivist-era residential quarters. 7. There’s not always hot water in summer in our block of flats. 8. There is a demand for these sites on the property market. 9. No doubt there will be plenty of people willing to live in an authentic 1920s environment, even if it’s less comfortable than a modern house. 10. I don’t know if there is any point to declaring such buildings monuments. 11. He admitted there was a discrepancy between the Patient Survey and the Department of Health statistics. 12. There should not be any kind of street banner advertisements in area of the Garden Ring as they spoil the view of the city. 13. There’s no consensus about what’s in style among designers at Russian Fashion Week.