Сложное подлежащее (the Complex Subject)

Этот оборот состоит из сочетания:

существительное в общем падеже местоимение в именительном падеже

+ инфинитив

(to-infinitive) Он позволяет лаконично передать мысль с помощью простого предложения вместо сложноподчиненного. It is said that we will see these sights. = We are said to see these sights. - Говорят, что мы осмотрим эти достопримечательности.

Перевод такого оборота на русский язык начинается со сказуемого, которое может быть выражено:

1) глаголом в страдательном залоге - to think, to say, to hear, to see, to notice, to expect, to know, to ask, to report, to consider, etc. The church is believed to be over 600 years old.

2) глаголом – связкой – to seem, to appear, to turn out, to prove в значении

«казаться», «оказаться». She proved to be right.

3) модальным выражением – to be likely (скорее всего), to be unlikely (вряд ли), to be sure (наверняка, безусловно), to be certain (несомненно). He is sure to come. – Он обязательно придет. She proved to be a real friend. – Она оказалась настоящим другом.

Такой оборот переводится на русский язык с помощью неопределенно-личного предложения - говорят, сообщили, известно, что … и т.д.

Ex.100. Translate the sentences.

1. They are said to have been here before. 2. The doctor was expected to come as soon as possible. 3. This plant is known to produce aircraft. 4. This text seems to be hard for translation. 5. He is supposed to be a great success. 6. It is likely to rain. 7. They are considered to be writing a test now. 8. This article was announced to be published in the next issue. 9. People are thought to be sensible. 10. The weather is unlikely to change this week. 11. Moscow’s luxury housing market seems to be unfazed by the ongoing financial crisis. 12. The apartment buyer is reported to be a 40-year-old businessman, although not one of Russia’s most publicized tycoons. 13. This delicacy is believed to have been introduced some 2000 years ago in Turkey. 14. The price of these two projects is thought to be around 60 billion rubles. 15. To avoid scalping of tickets at higher prices, they were said to be sold in small batches on a daily basis. 16. The Moscow softball league is expected to attract an equal number of natives and expats keen to play ball.

Ex.101. Replace these sentences with the complex subject.

1. It is said that he is a good actor. 2. It is known that they study together. 3. It was seen that the boy took the papers. 4. It is believed that our climate is quite extreme for Europeans. 5. It was expected that they will arrive next month. 6. It is unlikely that it will rain. 7. It was heard that the play was a great success. 8. It is probable that we’ll get new computers this year. 9. It will be reported that our expedition fulfilled the task. 10. It was reported that two people were injured in an explosion at a factory in Birmingham early this morning.

Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом “for”

Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for состоит из:

сочетания предлога for + существительное в общем падеже (местоимение в объектном падеже) + инфинитив. This letter is for you to send it as soon as possible. – Это письмо вам, чтобы вы отправили его как можно быстрее.

Этот оборот переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением, которое вводится союзами что, чтобы, в котором for + существительное в общем падеже (местоимение в объектном падеже) становится подлежащим, а инфинитив - сказуемым.

Ex.102. Translate the sentences.

1. Ecologists find ways for us to reduce pollution. 2. It is not necessary for you to show up there. 3. There is no need for these papers to be photocopied; there are enough hand-outs for everybody. 4. It is necessary for all campers to have a good rest. 5. It was unusual for him to read in bed. 6. The most important thing is for us to start early. 7. He stepped aside for me to pass. 8. I am anxious for her to pass an exam. 9. Here is an interesting book for you to read. 10. The text may be too difficult for them to translate. 11. It is impossible for you to have done better. 12. They lay heavy stress on the need for students to respect each other.