1 Reporting questions

*Make the same changes as reported statements. Change the word order so that the question becomes the same as a statement. Original question Reported question

'Are you okay?' My friend asked me was

I okay if I was okay. 'Where do you live?' He wanted to know

did I live I lived.

*if or whether for yes/no questions 'Are you a student?' He asked me if/

whether I was a student. ! Remember not to use a question mark for a reported question.

2 Reporting polite requests, advice or warnings: ask/tell/advise/warn + object + infinitive 'Listen, please!' The teacher asked/

told us to listen.

'Be careful!' He advised/warned us

to be careful.

3 Indirect questions

*with polite introductory phrases such as

I wonder if you could tell me...?, I'd like

to know..., Could you tell me...?

'Where's the box office?' 'Could you tell me

where is the office where the box office is?'

*asking for instructions: Could you tell me

where/how/when + to 4- infinitive

Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

File 15: Structures after reporting verbs

1 verb + that clause

The boys admitted that they had lost the money.

Similar verbs: complain, explain, promise, realize,

remember, reply, say, think.

! After most verbs you can drop that.

They admitted (that) they had lost it.

You cannot drop that after reply.

He replied that he had lost it.

2 verb + object + that clause

The guide warned us that the castle was haunted. Similar verbs: tell, remind.

3 verb + that + should

Mum suggested that I (should) go to the cinema. Similar verbs: agree, demand, insist, recommend

4 verb + to + infinitive I promised to wash up.

Similar verbs: agree, decide, offer, refuse, threaten ! Some verbs can be followed by to + infinitive or a that clause. When there is a change of subject, you

must use a that clause.

'We'll go with you!' My friend agreed to go with me.

'You can go with us!' My friends agreed me to go

with them that I should go

with them.

5 verb + object + to + infinitive

Dad encouraged my brother to go abroad. Similar verbs: advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, persuade, tell, remind, warn.

6 verb + -ing

I suggested going to the disco.

Similar verbs: admit, deny, recommend, suggest

! Some verbs can be followed by an -ing form

or a that clause. When there is a change of subject,

you must use a that clause.

'Let's go to the cinema!' Dad suggested going

to the cinema.

'Why don't you go to Dad suggested that I go

the cinema?' to the cinema.

7 verb + preposition + -ing form

My uncle insists on visiting us very late in the evening. Similar verbs: accuse smb (of), apologise (for), Blame smb (for), congratulate smb (on), discourage smb (from)

File 16: The passive

1 Use

*with most transitive verbs (verb 4- object),

when the action is more important than the

agent

That new car was designed in the UK.

*when the agent (the person or thing who

did the action) is unknown Someone invented television. Television was invented in the last century. 2 Form

Tense	Subject	tobe/modal+be	Past participle
present simple	Dollars	are	accepted (here)
present continuous	A new road	is being	built.
past simple	The President	was	assassinated
present perfect	The manager	had been	dismissed
past continuous	The car	was being	followed
past perfect	The party	had been	cancelled
future	The winner Her story	will be is going to be	given a cheque published
modals	Tickets	must/can/should be	ordered (in advance)

*only include the agent (by...) when that

information is important

The film was directed by Steven Spielberg.

Do not use the words by someone/something.

! When we have two possible subjects for

a passive verb, a person and a thing, the person

becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

I was given a prize.

A prize was given to me.

3 let/make + object + bare infinitive

My brother wouldn't let me borrow his guitar.

Dad made me clean the car yesterday.

! We use to after make in the passive.

My friend was made to play for the window

he broke.