- •Intermediate lever
- •14. Media of communication — сми
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllables in each of these words.
- •2. Analyze the structure of the following words.
- •3. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the underlined word.
- •4. Word building. Find the missing word forms where possible:
- •5. Highlight the adjectives from the text and give their comparative and superlative degrees.
- •12. Complete the sentences with the phrases and word combinations.
- •13. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to interview each other with the above phrases and word combinations.
- •14. Work in groups. Take it in turns to make questions using the prompts below.
- •15. Match these phrases with their definitions.
- •16. Translate the following sentences into English using the phrases and word combinations.
- •17. A. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •18. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •19. Answer the following questions:
- •20. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions No. 1, 5, 6, 7
- •21. Give the best possible translation of the title and retell the text close to the original.
- •1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
- •2. Fill in each gap with items from the box. Some words can be repeated.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the essential vocabulary from the box.
- •5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •6. Choose the right article.
- •7. Fill in the prepositions where necessary:
- •8. Do a library research and write a 200-word essay on your favourite work of literature, proving the idea that books can change lives by making people think.
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllables in each of these words.
- •3. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the underlined word.
- •4. Choose the right suffix or prefix for each word and translate the words into Russian. Prefixes can be used to alter their meaning. What are the differences in meaning?
- •5. Highlight adjectives in the text and give their comparative and superlative degrees.
- •10. Complete the sentences with the speech patterns.
- •11. Translate into English the sentences with the speech patterns.
- •12. Work in pairs. Practice some dialogues.
- •13. Complete the sentences with the word combinations.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases.
- •15. Imagine that the publishers from a provincial town ask you to put them wise how to start a new business. Practice the dialogue and use the following word combinations.
- •16. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •17. Complete the sentences with the items from the box.
- •18. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •19. Answer the following questions.
- •20. Retell the text close to the original.
- •2. Fill in each gap with items from the box.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the essential vocabulary from the box.
- •4. Word-sets. Underline the odd word in each set.
- •5. Translate the sentences into English.
- •6. Write a 200-word essay on one of the given topics.
- •7. Choose the right article: a/the
- •8. Choose the right prepositions from the box.
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllable in each of these words.
- •11. Work in pairs. Practice dialogues.
- •12. Complete the sentences with the phrases and combinations from the text.
- •13. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to interview each other using the word combinations.
- •14. Describe your favourite advertisement using the following phrases and word combinations.
- •15. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases.
- •16. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •17. Match these phrases with their definitions.
- •18. A. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •19. Answer the following questions.
- •20. Retell the text close to the original.
- •1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary.
- •3. A. Fill the gaps in the sentences with suitable words from the box.
- •5. Choose the right article: a/the
- •6. Choose the right preposition from the box
- •7. Synonyms.
- •8. Antonyms.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English.
- •10. Do a library research and write a 200-word essay on one of the given topics.
- •It was the bad weather that made it possible for the boy to stay home.
- •8. To take a pride in smth
- •1. Anxious adj
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllables in each of these words.
- •8. Give one example to each speech pattern.
- •9. Work in pairs. Practice dialogues using the speech patterns.
- •10. Translate into English the sentences with the speech patterns.
- •13. Practice to write an article in the students newspaper using the following word combinations.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases.
- •15. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •16. A. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •18. Imagine that you are invited to speak on the television. What would you like to say about your future profession?
- •1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the essential vocabulary words from the box. Mind that some of them are repeated more than once.
- •4. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Fill in each gap with prepositions.
- •6. Choos the right articles , a/the,0
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllables in each of these words.
- •3. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the underlined word.
- •4. Word building. Find the missing word forms where possible:
- •5. Use the right suffix or prefix with each word and translate the words into Russian. Prefixes can be used with words to alter their meaning. What are the differences in the meaning?
- •6. Highlight the adjectives from the text and give their comparative and superlative degrees.
- •7. Highlight the irregular verbs from the text, give their four forms and translate them into Russian
- •8. A. Complete the sentences with the speech patterns.
- •9. Work in pairs. You are going to talk about marketing
- •10. Translate into English the sentences containing the speech patterns.
- •11. Work in pairs. Practice the dialogue using the speech patterns.
- •12. Complete the sentences with the phrases and word combinations.
- •13. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to interview each other using the following phrases and word combinations.
- •14. Match the phrases with their definitions.
- •Is.Translate the following sentences into English using the phrases and word combinations.
- •16. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •19. Give the best possible translation of the title and retell the text close to the original.
- •1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the vocabulary items.
- •3. Word sets: Marketing. Underline the odd word in each line.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the essential vocabulary.
- •5. Translate the sentences into English.
- •6. Complete the text with prepositions in the box. Some prepositions are used several times.
- •In, of, on, from, to, for
- •7. Fill in each gap with the articles, a/the, — the market economy
- •1. Thanksgiving day.
- •1. Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words. Mark the main stressed syllables in each of these words.
- •10. Translate the following sentences into English using the Speech patterns.
- •11. Complete the sentences containing the word combinations.
- •12. Match the expressions to their meanings.
- •13. Work in pairs. Compose short dialogues between Martin and the editor, using the following word combinations.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations.
- •15. Decide whether the following statements true or false.
- •16. Compose a dialogue between Martin and Maria when he came back. Use the following expressions in the dialogue:
- •17. Explain what is meant by:
- •1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the most appropriate word combinations.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with prepositions in the box.
- •5. Chose the right article a/the where it is necessary.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary tasks a Word search
- •2 Definite article: the
- •3 No article
- •1 Countable nouns
- •2 Uncountable nouns
- •3 Countable or uncountable
- •4 Quantifiers
- •1 Comparative and superlative: adjectives
- •Irregular quantifiers
- •7 Intensifiers
- •8 Gradable/ungradable adjectives and adverbs
- •1 Present Simple
- •1 Past simple
- •1 Used to/would
- •2 Used to
- •I'm going to buy him a cd.
- •3 Present continuous
- •4 Present simple
- •2 Infinitives
- •2 Infinitive
- •I was happy to do it.
- •If you heat ice, it melts.
- •If only my dad didn't snore!
- •3 Wish/hope
- •1 Reporting questions
- •3 Indirect questions
- •4 Impersonal statements
- •1 Ability
- •2 Permission
- •4 Obligation
- •5 Lack of obligation
- •1 Possibility
- •2 Deductions
- •1 Defining clauses
- •1 So much/many, so little/few (that)
- •2 So/such (that)
- •3 Too/enough
- •1 Addition
- •2 Nouns from adjectives
- •3 Noun form verbs
- •4 Verb form adjectives
- •5 Making words negative
- •6 Compound nouns
- •2 Noun 4- verb -ing
- •7 Compound adjectives
- •1 Past participle (-ed)
1 Used to/would
*past actions and habits I used to bite my nails but I've stopped now. Did you used to use to suck your thumb when you were a baby?
My brother and I would often play in the woods
when we were kids.
! Use would to describe past actions but not
past states.
My best friend would be used to be very thin,
but he's not now.
Would is not as common as used to. Do not use
would in questions or negatives.
2 Used to
*actions that didn't happen in the past but do
now
I didn't used to use to play football, but I do now.
We didn't used to use to have mobile phones
but we do now.
! Used to is only used in the past.
In questions and negatives, the -d is dropped: I didn't use to.../Did you use to...?
File 8: Future tenses
1 Future simple: will/shall + infinitive
*future facts and predictions with no present
evidence
People will live on the moon one day.
*decisions made at the time of speaking
Are you having a party? I'll come!
*offers, promises, threats, hopes, fears, requests,
warnings
I'll ring you tonight if you want.
I'll be really angry if you're late again!
! Put probably after will but before won't.
It will probably rain tomorrow.
I probably won't see him tomorrow.
! Shall is usually only used in offers or
suggestions. Shall I get lunch?
It can be used instead of will in first person sentences, but is much less common.
1 shall be here at 8 o'clock.
2 Going to + infinitive
*plans and intentions and things that are already
decided
I've decided what to get Tom for his birthday.
I'm going to buy him a cd.
*predictions with present evidence
Listen to the thunder! There's going to be a storm.
3 Present continuous
*definite future arrangements
I will meet am meeting my girlfriend tonight. (=it's
all arranged).
4 Present simple
*timetables and scheduled events
The bus leaves at 8 a.m.
*after as soon as, before, until, when, while
I'll meet you as soon as the class finishes.
5 Future continuous: will/may/might + be + -ing
*actions in progress at a future time
I'll be lying on a beach this time tomorrow.
*predicted trends
In 50 years' time, people will be living on the moon.
6 Future perfect: will/may/might + have + past participle /will/may/might + have been + -ing
*actions completed before a time in the future I will have finished my homework by 6 o'clock. *the continuous focuses on the duration of the action By the time our plane arrives, we will have been waiting for exactly five hours.
! Use present simple, not will, to refer to the future after time indicators like when, before, after. Г11 get a job when I leave school.
File 9: -ing forms and infinitives
1 -ing forms
*after certain verbs
1 enjoy going on holiday.
Similar verbs: admit, avoid, can't help, consider, delay,
deny, (dis)like, enjoy, fancy, finish, hate, involve, keep,
(=continue), mind, miss, risk, suggest
*after all prepositions and phrasal verbs
You can't learn the guitar without practicing every day.
I'm good at cooking.
I've given up to do doing judo.
2 Infinitives
verb + to + infinitive
*af ter certain verbs and phrases I want to study medicine. We're hoping to go to Canada next year. Similar verbs: afford, agree, arrange, begin, decide, expect, forget*, hope, intend, learn, manage, offer, need, plan, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret*, remember, refuse, seem, start, threaten,, try*, want, would like/ love, would prefer, forget, regret, remember and try can also be followed by -ing form, but with a change in meaning. See section 3. verb + object 4- to 4- infinitive *af ter certain verbs
My friend asked me to go on holiday with her. I persuaded Dad to buy me some new trainers, similar verbs: allow, ask, command, encourage,
expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn, would like
3 -ing form or infinitive
*af ter verbs like start, begin, continue (no change
in meaning)
I started to learn/learning the piano
five years ago.
*after verbs like, love, hate, prefer (small
change in meaning)
I love swimming, (in general)
I like to swim every day when I'm on holiday.
(specific situation)
*af ter verbs like forget, go on, mean, regret,
remember, stop and try (complete change in
meaning)
Compare:
1 I'll never forget meeting Leonardo DiCaprio! (I'll always remember it.)
2 I forgot to post Mum's card! (I should have done it but I haven't.)
Do you remember learning to read? (Can you remember that past time?) 2 I must remember to buy my grandmother a present. (I mustn't forget to do it.)
1 I must stop biting my nails, (give up)
2 We stopped to have a coffee on the way home, (stopped one thing in order to do another)
1 If you can't find the information in a book, try looking on the Internet. (I advise this.)
2 I tried to repair my bike but I couldn't. (I attempted it and failed.)
11 didn't mean to break the window, (that wasn't
my intention)
2 Learning a language well means studying hard.
(involves)
11 regret to inform you that you've failed the test.
(I'm sorry to tell you this.)
2 My sister regrets leaving school. (She's sorry
she did it.)
File 10: Other uses of -ing forms and infinitives
1 -ing forms
*af ter certain expressions
It's not worth buying that CD-it's useless!
I can't stand watching football on TV.
Similar phrases: There's no point..., It's unless/
hopeless/pointless..., It's a waste of time...,
I can't bear..., I'm fed up with..., It's no use...
*as the subject or the object/complement of a sentence
1 love swimming.
Dancing is my favourite hobby.
*as the second part of a compound adjective
He's very good-looking.
She was wearing a tight-fitting sweater.
*to talk about the effect someone or something has on
us or our feelings
It
was a very excited
exciting film.
The film was rather -bored boring.