англ 2

59-60

There are two main types of offset printing: sheet and roll. Leaf printing presses print on paper, before ¬ preliminarily cut into sheets. Sheet-fed offset presses can be one, two, four or even twelve-colorful-nye. By construction, they may be intended for one-sided and there ¬ sided printing. Single-sided printing machines ZAP ¬ chatyvayut only one side of the sheet in one pass through the machine ¬ well. In the world of commercial printing most of the rolling machine is a machine-sided printing.

When you place your strips to print with your circulation, printed sheet is divided into two halves - left and right. On one polo ¬ wine list, for example, on the right, printed face on the left - about ¬ mouth. It turns out that person and turn themselves on one side of the print. When one half of the sheet is printed, print offline ¬ turning pages and print circulation, without changing the plate. In this turnover sheet is in place already TEXT ¬ ous person.

When you place your strips to print with one form of sheet and divided into two halves - the front and rear. Sheet rolls for printing face and turn to one side. Then the sheets are turned from the "head" to "tail" to print the reverse side with the same printing plate. The side rail remains the same, but the field is changing grips.

51

1. Sheet offset printing, which is often referred to simply as

offset, is the most common method of commercial ¬

What the press.

2. You've heard the phrase "oil and water do not mix"? It can be ¬

but to say about the paint and water. This is a distinctive principle of the flat

the press.

3. On the forms for lithographic printing of the image

absorbs the paint, but without the image area repels her.

4. On offset printed forms are sections of hydrophilic

"Vodovospriimchivye," and sections "kraskovospriimchivye." Water

distributed over the hydrophilic parts of the paint, which is not

miscible with water, kept at "kraskovospriimchivyh"

areas.

5. Wetting soaking solution during the printing process

will be spread evenly over the surface of printing area,

forming a continuous film. The paint will go only to areas

an image.

6. In printers generally use fountain solution,

which is a mixture of water and alcohol or replace ¬

coordinating the activities.

7. To transfer the image from a printing plate to the paper not ¬

required a device called a printing unit.

8. Initially, a form of contact with the dampening rollers,

which is applied to its surface fountain solution. Further

form comes into contact with the inking rollers.

9. When you rotate an image plate cylinder moves

on the blanket, which stands for offset printing cylinder.

10. With the blanket image goes to zapechaty ¬

Vai stuff that with a sufficiently strong pressure at ¬

bench to the canvas printing cylinder.

40

Design programs are divided by type of graphics they create, vector or raster. Most applications are based on vector graphics, but there is a small number of programs that work with raster (pixel) graphics (Rainteg). With vector graphics programs work actobe illustrator and macromedia freehand. Both programs can do the work meets professional standards. With these tools, users can work with text objects and layers. They support a variety of color B ¬ tems, such as rgb, cmyk, pantone, cie lab, etc. And with the recent ¬ a time, these programs support the format of the pdf and html for the web.

Image processing program is used primarily ¬ adobe photoshop and we live picture. photoshop - it's image processing program based on pixels. She edits every ¬ Dyj pixel on the screen every time. when the image change is made. The most important feature of this program - retushirova ¬ tion, color correction, color separation and image conversion ¬ Nij which allow the user to create their own image of ¬ other.

29

As we know, in the history of printing there were fundamental ¬ mental shifts that have made changes in how satisfied ¬ etsya commercial printing: the transition from copying documents for the first ¬ Comrade Gutenberg printing press, the introduction of electro ¬ photographs, linotype appearance, etc. . Another new change is happening now: the transition to technology "from the computer on ¬ ne chutney form." For a century, and even longer, the image recorded on film and transferred to a form ¬ nuyu plate for platemaking by exponential ¬ derivations. During the last twenty years and replaced by film, and h prepress process. The image is recorded on the form-tion plate directly from a digital file. Details IMAGE ¬ expressions are not lost or distorted. Some methods of Pec ¬ TI new technology makes it faster and more economical. Ad ¬ cialist in forecasting claim that within five to ten years, the film finally disappears from the printing industry, except for very small businesses.

17-18

People create art as far back as 45000-25000 years. BC Stone, that is, the land itself, was the first artist's canvas. The first samples of the ¬ art of painting and color created by the clay and the potter ¬ Noah dish. In the papyrus paper sources. Without it, civilization would have been different. Clothing and skins of animals have also played an important role in the history of printing. In many parts of the world is shku ¬ Ry animals became a favorite of the ancient artists canvas.

Soot and lampblack were widely used as a pigment in the manufacture of that ¬ inks for printing on a tree in China, where the research ¬ kusstvo paint colors was known around 900 BC Oil is also used in the manufacture of paints painting, and then became the basis of printing processes. The invention of paper so ¬ tiruetsya year 105 AD and is associated with a document in which Cai Lun reported this to the Chinese emperor. This paper was made from tree bark, rags, fishing nets. In Europe paper hundred ¬ la-known in the thirteenth century. Most historians, believes that the early European paper production technology ¬ properties were derived from Asia, although it is not clear from which country - China, Persia and India.