14. Media of communication — сми
15. ephemeral — "однодневки"
16. edition — издание
17. books smack of permanence — книги несут на себе отпечаток вечности, книги не отделимы и принадлежат вечности.
COMMENTARY
Robert Maxwell (1923-91)
A British publisher, newspaper owner, and businessman, born in Czechoslovakia. He was head of MIRROR GROUP NEWSPAPERS (also called "THE MIRROR GROUP") — a company which publishes the Daily mirror, the Daily Record, the People, the Sunday Mirror, and Sporting Life. He was sometimes called "Captain Bob". Since his death, it has been discovered that his financial dealings were not always honest and legal.
Rupert Murdoch (1931-)
An Australian newspaper publisher and businessman who has established an international network of newspaper and broadcasting companies. In Britain he owns The Sun, News of the World, The Times, Sunday Times and Today newspapers.
BskyB
A satellite television company, sometimes also known as Sky.
The Monopolies and Mergers Commission
A British organization which examines planned mergers (a joining together of two or more companies or firms.) between companies to see whether they would have a damaging effect on the public. It can make suggestions to the government but the government is not forced to act upon them.
Sade (Marquis de Sade) (1740-1814)
A French soldier and writer who was put in prison for sexual offences. He wrote plays and books about gaining sexual pleasure from causing pain now known as sadism.
Ahmed Salman Rushdie
Ahmed Salman Rushdie (b. Bombay, India, June 19, 1947)
A world known even notorious writer and poet Salman Rushdie, best known for his novel The Satanic Verses (1989), a fantasy whose publication aroused the wrath of many Muslims and persuaded Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini to offer a multimillion-dollar reward for the author's assassination. Rushdie was forced to go into hiding.
Rushdie's work hinges on his many identities—an Indian Muslim who writes in English, whose family left India for Pakistan, and.who now lives in England. Midnight's Children (1981), which first brought Rushdie a wide audience and won Britain's Booker Prize, is an allegory about the birth of independent India. Shame (1983) focuses on Pakistan's recent rulers. The Satanic Verses is a complex work whose two protagonists, like Rushdie, are expatriate Indians. The passages describing the birth of a religion resembling Islam are seen as blasphemous by Muslims, and the book has been banned in most Islamic countries. Despite Rushdie's denial of any intentional blasphemy, and his pubic decision in 1990 "to enter into the body of Islam after a lifetime spent outside it," his death sentence remained in force. He as continued to write, however, publishing both the children's tales in Haroun and the Sea of Stories and the essays in Imaginary Homelands in 1991.
ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS
Britain has two kinds of national newspaper: the quality papers and the tabloids. The quality often called "broadsheets" because they are printed on large pages, report national and international news and
are serious in tone. They have editorials which comment on important issues and reflect the political views of the paper's editor.
They also contain financial and sports news, features (= articles obituaries) life histories of famous people who have just died, listening of TV & radio. Programmes, theatre & cinema shows, a crosswords "comic strips", advertisements and weather broadcast". The main quality dailies are:
Sunday papers include The Sunday Times, The Observer and The Independent on Sunday". They have more pages than the dailies, supplement, for example motoring, the arts, and a colour magazine. The tabloids have a smaller page size and report news in less depth.
They concentrate on human INTEREST STORIES, AND OFTEN DISCUSS THE PERSONAL LIVES OF FAMOUS PEOPLE.
Many people disapprove of the tabloids and they call them the GUTTER PRESS. The most popular are The Sun, The Mirror, The Express, The Daily Mail, The News of the World, a Sunday tabloid sells more than any other newspapers in Britain.
SPEECH PATTERNS
1. The ability to publish provides first a voice and second a position in the "establishment".
The ability to write poetry gives better ways of expressing your thoughts and feelings.
The ability to get the author's message shows us the key for understanding literature.
2. It is interesting to view Robert Maxwell's determination. It was exciting to see a little child so absorbed by the book.
It is sad to find out that this renowned author has left our country.
3. A book is more than its cover, pages and ink thereon. His word is more than just a reader's opinion. Pushkin is more than a great poet and writer.
PHRASES AND WORD COMBINATION
1. sum total of its constituent parts — сумма составляющих
2. a position in the "establishment"* — положение в обществе
3. a public and litigious figure — публичная и скандальная
фигура
4. upholders of civilization — фундамент цивилизации,
носители культуры
5. physical components — физические составляющие
6. to shape imaginings and aspirations — формировать
воображение и стремления to provide access — предоставлять доступ morally dubious — морально сомнительные the partyin power — партия власти to be immediate in their effectiveness — мгновенно
эффективное to ban books — запрещать книги
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. challenge noun
1. something that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal with or achieve, especially something you have never done before and will enjoy doing:
I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.
meet a challenge (=deal with it successfully):
Is your publishing house ready to meet the enormous challenges that lie ahead
the challenge is to do something:
* "establishment" — the most important and powerful people in a country, who are often thought of as being conservative and wanting to preserve their own power and influence.
The challenge for young authors is to achieve literary growth without damaging their individual style.
face a challenge (= have to deal with one):
The journalists face the daunting challenge of completing the issue on time.
2. an action or idea that questions whether something is true, accurate, or legal:
He began a legal challenge to clear his name.
pose/present a challenge to something:
Recent discoveries pose a serious challenge to accepted views on the age of this manuscript.
a refusal to accept someone's authority:
challenge to: The strike was seen as a direct challenge to the authority of the government.
challenge verb
1. to question whether something is true, accurate, or legal: No one has challenged the theory that is described in the report. This decision is likely to be challenged by the publishers. challenge someone on something:
They're not likely to challenge us on any of the details. challenge someone to do something:
The publishing house challenged the young journalist to prove that his article was true to life.
2. to refuse to accept someone's authority:
The president has accused the provincial government of challenging his leadership.
3. to test someone's skill and abilities:
My present job doesn't really challenge me.
A problem that has intrigued and challenged me for many years.
2. reference noun
la comment that mentions something or someone:
make a/no reference to:
He politely made no reference to my lack of literary experienced.
passing reference (= a quick comment about something):
Her speech contained only a passing reference to the problems of children's writers.
the process of looking at something in order to get information: The sentences are numbered for ease of reference. used to describe books or places where you can find information: the reference section of the library.
3. a statement from someone who knows you or has worked with you that gives information about you. You often need to provide a reference when you apply for a new job:
4. a word or phrase that comes from a book or a poem: His writing is full of obscure literary references.
5. a writer or a piece of work that is mentioned in a piece of writing by someone else:
There was a long list of references at the end of the paper. with reference to (FORMAL)
used in a letter to introduce the subject that you are going to write about.
reference book
a book that is intended to be used when you need a fact or piece of information, for example a dictionary
reference library
a place containing a lot of reference books that you can read there but cannot take away
refer verb
The books are all right!. I wasn't referring to the books.
3. question verb
1. to ask someone questions formally or officially:
Witnesses are reminded of their duty to tell the truth when questioned in court. A hundred employers were questioned in the survey.
2. to have or express doubts about something:
, Some historians question the validity of oral data. question the wisdom/logic/merit of something: She was beginning to question the wisdom of publishing her work so quickly.
question someone's motives:
I don't think it's fair to question his motives.
questionable adj.
1.possibly not true, accurate, or complete:
The success of the novel seems highly questionable.
2.probably not good, honest, or worth admiring:
questionable behaviour/conduct/practices
questionable whether:
It is questionable whether we should publish these morally
dubious books.
questionably adv.
4. damage noun
1 physical harm caused to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured:
Mr Charlston surveyed the damage caused by the bulldozer. damage to: Damage to the building could take six months to repair. suffer damage: The house suffered only superficial damage in the fire.
la. emotional or mental harm caused to someone:
This kind of literature can do damage to children.
2] negative effects on someone or something:
untold damage (=damage that is impossible to measure):
This publication caused untold damage to his political reputation.
what's the damage? (HUMOROUS)
used for asking someone how much you have to pay them
damage verb
I.to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured:
badly/severely/seriously/extensively damage:
The house had been severely damaged by fire.
2.to have a negative effect on someone or something:
Reading pulp fiction could damage teenagers' literary taste.
damaging adj.
1. causing physical harm to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured.
damaging to: Reading in bed is damaging to your health.
2. having a negative effect on someone or something: Increased number of ephemeral books almost certainly have a
damaging effect on the readers' taste.
damaging for: The new tax laws could be very damaging for small publishing houses.
5. pivot noun
the most important thing that something is based on or depends on.
Tax reform has become the central pivot of their domestic policy.
She seemed to be revolving on a noisy, creaking pivot through the smoky air: Pivot is a central pin or spindle round which something turns or revolves.
pivot verb
to turn or balance on a central point, to turn around quickly on your feet.
She pivoted on her hill and left the room without a word.
pivotal adj.
extremely important and affecting how something develops:
A pivotal moment in the history of book-making.
He played a pivotal role in the negotiations.
A pivotal moment is something that determines the whole outcome of
a situation.
pivotal to: He sees these changes as pivotal to the development of literature.
ACTIVITIES