- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgments
- •Founders of the Hotel Industry
- •E. M. Statler
- •Conrad Hilton
- •Cesar Ritz
- •William Waldorf Astor and John Jacob Astor IV
- •Kemmons Wilson
- •Ernest Henderson and Robert Moore
- •Ray Schultz
- •Historical Developments
- •Atrium Concept
- •Select-Service Hotels
- •Technological Advances
- •Marketing Emphasis
- •Total Quality Management
- •Major Reorganization, 1987–1988
- •Hotel Investment
- •September 11, 2001
- •Economic Downturn of the Late 2000s
- •Overview of the Hotel Industry
- •Types of Lodging Facilities
- •Hotels
- •Motels
- •All-suites
- •Select-service Hotels
- •Extended-stay Hotels
- •Market Orientation
- •Sales Indicators
- •Occupancy
- •Average Daily Rate (Average Room Rate)
- •Yield Percentage
- •RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room)
- •Levels of Service
- •Business Affiliations
- •Chain Affiliation
- •Referral Property
- •Company-owned Property
- •Management Contract Property
- •Brands
- •Independent Properties
- •Trends That Foster Growth
- •Leisure Time
- •The Me/Pleasure Concept
- •Discretionary Income
- •Family Size/Household Size
- •Business Travel
- •Female Business Travel
- •Travel as Experience
- •Career Development
- •Educational Preparation
- •Work Experience
- •Professional Memberships
- •Ports of Entry
- •Researching Growth Areas in the Hospitality Industry
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Organization of Lodging Properties
- •Organization Charts
- •Typical Job Responsibilities of Department Managers
- •General Manager
- •Assistant General Manager
- •Food and Beverage Director
- •Physical Plant Engineer
- •Executive Housekeeper
- •Human Resources Manager
- •Marketing and Sales Director
- •Front Office Manager
- •Controller
- •Director of Security
- •Parking Garage Manager
- •Organization of the Front Office Department
- •Typical Front Office Organization
- •Select-service Hotel Front Office Organization
- •Function of the Front Office Manager
- •Job Analysis and Job Description
- •The Art of Supervising
- •Staffing the Front Office
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Role of the Front Office in Interdepartmental Communications
- •Front Office Interaction with Other Departments in the Hotel
- •Marketing and Sales Department
- •Housekeeping Department
- •Food and Beverage Department
- •Banquet Department
- •Controller
- •Maintenance or Engineering Department
- •Security Department
- •Human Resources Management Department
- •Analyzing the Lines of Communications
- •Situation 1: Marketing and Sales Knows It All—But Didn’t Tell Us
- •Situation 2: Peace and Harmony in 507
- •Situation 3: I Know What You Said, and I Think I Know What You Mean
- •The Role of Total Quality Management in Effective Communication
- •An Example of Total Quality Management in a Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Physical Structure and Positioning of the Front Desk
- •Guest First Impression
- •Creating a Balance Between Guest Flow and Employee Work
- •Selecting a Property Management System
- •Importance of a Needs Analysis
- •Procedure for Performing a Needs Analysis
- •Selecting a Team
- •Analyzing the Flow of Guests through the Hotel
- •Communicating Information
- •Reviewing Administrative Paperwork
- •Management Review of Information
- •Evaluate Needs That Have Been Identified
- •Assessing Needs Based on Findings
- •Choosing Software
- •Choosing Hardware
- •Other PMS Selection Considerations
- •Vendor Claims
- •Hardware Installation Plans
- •Computer Training Programs
- •Backup Power Sources
- •Maintenance Agreement
- •Financial Considerations
- •PMS Applications
- •Reservations
- •Revenue Management
- •Registration
- •Room Status
- •Posting
- •Call Accounting
- •Checkout
- •Night Audit
- •Inquiries/Reports
- •Back Office
- •Housekeeping
- •Food and Beverage
- •Maintenance
- •Security
- •Marketing and Sales
- •Personnel
- •Electronic Mail
- •Time Clock
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Reservation System
- •Overview of the Reservation System
- •Choice Hotels International
- •Hilton Hotels
- •Marriott International
- •Global Distribution Systems (GDS) in Securing Reservations
- •Role of the Internet in Securing Reservations
- •Background on Room Rates Offered via the Internet
- •Effect of Internet on Pricing Rooms
- •Consumers Response to Use of the Internet—Third-Party Websites
- •Social Media
- •Financial Effects of Third-Party Reservations
- •Types of Reservation Systems
- •Franchisee
- •Referral Member
- •Sources of Reservations
- •Corporate Clients
- •Social/Military/Educational/Religious/Fraternal (SMERF)
- •Meetings/Incentive/Conference/Event (MICE)
- •Group Travelers
- •Leisure Travelers
- •Current Guests
- •Forecasting Reservations
- •Overbooking (Occupancy Management)
- •Revenue Management
- •Processing Guest Reservations
- •Systemwide Reservation Systems
- •Outsourcing Reservations
- •Types of Reservations
- •Reservation Codes
- •Cancellation Codes
- •Blocking Procedure
- •Process of Completing Reservations through a PMS
- •Database Interfaces
- •True Integration
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Occupancy Percentage
- •Average Daily Rate
- •RevPAR
- •History of Yield Management
- •Use of Yield Management
- •Revenue Manager
- •Components of Revenue Management
- •Definition of Yield
- •Optimal Occupancy and Optimal Rate
- •Strategies
- •Forecasting
- •Star Report
- •Block-out Periods
- •Systems and Procedures
- •Channel Management
- •Feedback
- •Management Challenges in Using Revenue Management
- •Considerations for Food and Beverage Sales
- •Applications of Revenue Management
- •Scenario 1
- •Scenario 2
- •Scenario 3
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the First Guest Contact
- •Components of the Registration Process
- •Capturing Guest Data
- •Guest Registration Procedure
- •Guest Hospitality
- •Inquiry about Reservation
- •Completion of Registration Card
- •Review Completeness of Registration Card
- •Extension of Guest Credit
- •Room Selection
- •Room Assignment from Inventory
- •Assigning Room Rates
- •Discuss Sales Opportunities
- •Assigning Room Keys
- •Security of the Key System
- •Maintaining the Key System
- •Registration with a PMS
- •Retrieving Reservation Form
- •Checking Room Inventory Option
- •Checking Room Status Option
- •Verifying Room Rate
- •Issuing Room Key
- •Obtaining Reports from the PMS
- •Self-Check-In
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Common Bookkeeping Practices
- •Debits and Credits
- •Forms Used to Process Guest Charges and Payments
- •Folio, Transfers, and Paid-out Slips
- •Account Ledgers
- •Guest Ledger and City Ledger
- •Posting Guest Charges and Payments
- •Point-of-sale
- •Room and Tax
- •Transfers and Adjustments
- •Paid-Out
- •Miscellaneous Charges
- •Phone
- •Display Folio
- •Reports
- •Transferring Guest and City Ledgers to Accounts Receivable
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Organizing Late Charges to Ensure Accuracy
- •Guest Checkout Procedure
- •Inquiring about Quality of Products and Services
- •Retrieving the Room Key
- •Retrieving and Reviewing the Folio
- •In-room Guest Checkout
- •Determining Method of Payment and Collection
- •Credit Cards
- •Bill-to-account (Direct Billing)
- •Cash and Personal Checks
- •Traveler’s Checks
- •Debit Cards
- •Assisting the Guest with Method of Payment
- •Money Wire
- •Travelers Aid Society
- •Auto Clubs
- •International Currency Exchange
- •Obtaining Future Reservations
- •Filing Documents
- •Relaying Guest Departures to Other Departments
- •Removing Guest Information from the System
- •Transfer of Guest Accounts to the Back Office
- •Checkout Reports Available with a Property Management System
- •Guest Histories
- •ZIP Code or Postal Code
- •Developing Conventions and Conferences
- •FAM Tours
- •Origination of Reservation
- •Frequency of Guest Visit
- •Types of Room Requested
- •Room Rates versus Occupancy Patterns
- •Tracking Social Media
- •Last Impressions of the Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Night Audit
- •The Night Auditor
- •The Night Audit Process
- •Posting Room and Tax Charges
- •Assembling Guest Charges and Payments
- •Reconciling Departmental Financial Activities
- •Reconciling Accounts Receivable
- •Running the Trial Balance
- •Goal of Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Departmental Totals
- •Bank Deposit
- •Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Manager’s Report
- •Formulas for Balancing the Night Audit Report
- •Room and Tax
- •Total Restaurant Sales and Sales Tax
- •Tips for Restaurant, Room Service, Banquet, and Lounge Employees
- •Room Service
- •Banquet Sales
- •Banquet Bar and Total Lounge Sales
- •Room Rental
- •Valet
- •Telephone Charges
- •Gift Shop Sales and Tax
- •Vending
- •Parking
- •Total Revenue and Total Write-Offs
- •Cash Sales and Accounts Receivable Balance
- •Credit Cards and Cash Applied to Accounts Receivable
- •Analysis of Accounts Receivable
- •Bank Deposit and Amount Transferred to Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Operating Statistics
- •Daily Flash Report
- •Reading the Flash Report
- •Reading the Night Audit
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Importance of Hospitality
- •Managing the Delivery of Hospitality
- •Management’s Role
- •The Service Strategy Statement
- •Financial Commitment
- •Total Quality Management Applications
- •Developing a Service Management Program
- •Guest Cycle
- •Moments of Truth in Hotel Service Management
- •Employee Buy-in Concept
- •Screening Employees Who Deliver Hospitality
- •Empowerment
- •Training for Hospitality Management
- •Evaluating the Service Management Program
- •Follow-through
- •Interfacing with Other Departments in Delivering Hospitality
- •Customer Relationship Management
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Determining Employee Hospitality Qualities
- •Job Analysis and Job Descriptions
- •Positive Hospitality Character Traits
- •Practicing Promotional Skills
- •Screening for Hospitality Qualities
- •An Outgoing Personality
- •Patience
- •Ability to Accept Constructive Criticism
- •Interest in Selling
- •Developing an Orientation Program
- •Economic Position of the Property in the Community
- •Overview of the Lodging Establishment
- •Employee Handbook
- •Policy and Procedure Manual
- •Introduction to the Front Office Staff
- •Equipment Overview
- •Interdepartmental Cooperation
- •Administering the Orientation Program
- •Selection of Orientation Leader
- •Developing a Training Program
- •Identification of Tasks and Job Management Skills
- •Preparing Step-by-Step Procedures
- •Management Concepts
- •Steps in the Training Process
- •Preparation: Get Ready
- •Delivery: Show Me
- •Administering a Training Program
- •Cross-training
- •Developing a Trainer
- •Job Knowledge
- •Training for Empowerment
- •Americans with Disabilities Act
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •The Role of the Front Office in Marketing and Sales
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Set Objectives
- •Brainstorm Areas for Promotion
- •Evaluate Alternatives
- •Devise Incentive Programs
- •Theories of Motivation
- •Douglas McGregor
- •Abraham Maslow
- •Elton Mayo
- •Frederick Herzberg
- •Applying Motivation Theories
- •Maslow
- •Mayo
- •Herzberg
- •Training Programs for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Train in Sales Skills
- •Develop an Attitude of Presenting Opportunities
- •Let Employees Experience Hotel Services
- •Use Role-Playing to Create Your Own Training Video
- •Budgeting for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Feedback
- •Guest Test
- •Financial Results
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office—An Example
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Security Department
- •Organization of a Security Department
- •Job Analysis of the Director of Security
- •In-House Security Departments versus Contracted Security
- •Room Key Security
- •Hard-key System
- •Electronic Locks System
- •Smart Card
- •Contactless Electronic Locks
- •Fire Safety
- •General Fire Code Requirements
- •Guest Expectations
- •Fire Safety Plan
- •Employee Training in Fire Safety
- •Guest Instruction in Fire Safety
- •Fire Action Communication Procedure
- •Emergency Communication
- •Developing the Emergency Communication Plan
- •Employee Safety Programs
- •Employee Safety Committee
- •Composition and Activities of the Safety Committee
- •Department Supervisors’ Responsibility
- •Safety Training Programs
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Housekeeping Department
- •Overview of a Housekeeping Department
- •Relationship of the Executive Housekeeper to the General Manager
- •Management of a Housekeeping Department
- •Room Assignment/Workload
- •Outsourcing Housekeeping Activities
- •Housekeeper’s Report
- •Communication
- •Situation 1: Why Can’t Room Attendants Get Those Rooms Cleaned More Quickly, or, If That Guest Asks One More Time…
- •Inventory Control
- •Fixtures
- •Theft Control of Inventory
- •In-house Laundry versus Outsourced Laundry
- •Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- •Material Safety Data Sheets
- •Americans with Disability Compliance
- •Professional Associations
- •Role of Chief Engineer in a Lodging Property
- •Job Analysis
- •Job Description
- •Technology
- •Managing Maintenance Inter-departmental Communications
- •Energy Management
- •The Greening of the Lodging Industry
- •Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Glossary
- •Index
216 C H A P T E R 7 |
■ G U E S T R E G I S T R AT I O N |
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F I G U R E 7 - 5 |
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F I G U R E 7 - 6 Electronic key cards are used to protect guests. |
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A key fob and guest room key are used in hotels with mechanical locks.
KLINE INN
422 W. Pine
Castor, MO
Please drop this key into the nearest
U.S. Postal Service mailbox.
Thank you!
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Front |
Back |
MAGNETIC STRIP CARD
used to trip tumblers in a mechanical lock) that lists the name and address of the hotel, to encourage the finder of a key to mail it back (Figure 7-5). Other hotels do not attach such a key fob because they believe that if a key is found (or actively sought) by a person with criminal intentions, guest security is at risk. Keys and locks that become worn must be replaced, a responsibility of the maintenance department. Replacement of room keys and locks can be done only with an authorized purchase order from the controller, initiated by the front office or maintenance department. The security department maintains control of key replacement activity.
Maintaining the electronic locking system is much simpler than maintaining the hardkey system. On checkout, when the guest’s folio is cleared in the PMS, the plastic key is rendered invalid (Figure 7-6). When the next guest registers for that room, a new electronic combination is set and a new electronic key issued. Encoding the electronic combination on the magnetic strip of a credit card–type key is also possible.
After the guest receives the room key, the front desk clerk should ask if he or she needs help carrying luggage and other personal effects to the room. If help is needed, a bellhop is summoned to escort the guest to the room. If the guest does not require assistance, the front desk clerk should provide clear directions to the room.
Registration with a PMS
As you learned in chapter 4, property management systems have many capabilities, including registration. To review, the basic applications of the PMS registration module are as follows:
■Retrieving reservation form
■Checking room inventory option
■Checking room status option
R E G I S T R AT I O N W I T H A P M S 217
■Verifying room rate
■Issuing room key
Retrieving Reservation Form
The registration module is put to use before the guest arrives at the hotel to register. Guests who have placed reservations with the hotel have already had their data entered into the PMS database. Figure 7-7 shows a completed version of the blank guest data screen illustrated in Figure 5-4. The guest information is now available for registration. The PMS is able to produce advance registration forms for guests, like that shown in Figure 7-8, with an interface between the registration module and the reservation module database. The PMS has the ability to preselect a room for the guest from the room inventory for the day of arrival; however, the front office staff has usually blocked the room reservations for the day. The advance registration form already is printed the night before by the secondor third-shift front desk clerks and is ready when the guest arrives. After the advance registration forms are printed, they are filed alphabetically at the front desk. Some operations choose not to preprint forms but instead have the guest complete a standard registration card. However, having preprinted registration forms available when guests arrive is invaluable in registering guests quickly, particularly when a full house is checking in or when the front desk is operating with less than its full staff.
When a guest with a reservation arrives at the front desk to register, the front desk clerk greets him or her and inquires whether the guest has a reservation. The desk clerk
F I G U R E 7 - 7 A completed reservation screen on a PMS provides information on a guest’s requests
for a visit.
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RESERVATIONS—ENTER GUEST DATA |
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NAME: BLACKWRIGHT, SAMUEL |
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COMPANY: HANNINGTON ACCOUNTING |
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BILLING ADDRESS: 467 WEST AVENUE |
ARLINGTON, LA |
ZIP: 00000 |
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PHONE NUMBER: 000-000-0000 |
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DATE OF ARRIVAL: 0309 |
TIME OF ARRIVAL: 6 PM |
DATE OF DEP.: 0311 |
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AIRLINE: AA |
FLIGHT #: 144 |
TIME OF ARRIVAL: 3:45 PM |
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ROOM: |
# GUESTS: 1 |
RATE: 80 |
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COMMENTS: |
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CONFIRMATION #: 122JB03090311MC80K98765R |
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CREDIT CARD: MC |
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NUMBER: 000000000000000000000 |
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TRAVEL AGENCY: |
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AGENT: |
ID #: |
ADDRESS: |
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ZIP: |
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218 C H A P T E R 7 ■ G U E S T R E G I S T R AT I O N
F I G U R E 7 - 8 An advance registration form is prepared prior to a guest’s arrival.
ARRIV |
RESV |
DEP |
CONF NO |
ROOM ASMT |
RATE |
03-09 |
6 PM |
0311 |
122JB03090311MC80K97865R |
722 |
80.00 |
GUEST INFO |
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NO. GUEST |
CREDIT CARD |
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Blackwright, Samuel |
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1 |
MC 000000000000000000000 |
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Hannington Accounting |
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467 West Ave. Arlington, LA 00000 000-000-0000
_________________________________
Guest Signature
retrieves the preprinted advance registration form from the file. If no form is available, the desk clerk retrieves this information from the reservation module by entering the guest’s last name or confirmation number. The guest information is then available for registration.
The registration module can also handle the registration of groups, allowing advance registration information for entire groups of guests to be preprinted. Figure 7-9 shows how registration details for a group can be controlled. With further processing of this information, including preassignment of rooms, group preregistration packets, like those shown in Figure 7-10, can be prepared, making the registration of groups simple for both the tour director and the front office.
Checking Room Inventory Option
What happens if a name is missing from the reservation data bank for a person or group? If the guest cannot produce a confirmation number and no reservation can be found, the front desk clerk tries to provide accommodations. The room inventory and room status options of the registration module are checked to determine if rooms are available. The room inventory option indicates the availability of rooms (Figure 7-11). It informs the desk clerk which rooms are being held for reservations (GUAR for guaranteed and CONF for confirmed), which have been taken out of inventory because of a needed repair (REPAIR), and which are available to rent for the night (OPEN). Additional information is provided about the features of the rooms, such as king-size bed (K), a room suitable for holding a conference (CONF), a room with two king-size beds (2K), a room with one double bed (DB), a room with a bay view (BAY), a room with a kitchenette (KITCH), a room with a studio couch (STUDIO), adjoining rooms (/), or a room with a conversation area and other amenities (SUITE). The rate per room for a single guest is indicated.
R E G I S T R AT I O N W I T H A P M S 219
F I G U R E 7 - 9 The group registration option keeps track of members of a group.
GROUP REGISTRATION
NAME OF GROUP: JOHNSON HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TEAM
DATE IN: 0109 |
DATE OUT: 0112 |
NO. ROMS: 8 |
NO. GUESTS: 15 |
RATE: 57/S 64/D |
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BILLING INFO: DIRECT BILL R. SIMINGTON, 401 MADISON DR., OLIVER, DE 00000
21 DAYS. EACH PAYS INCIDENTALS AT CHECKOUT.
ROOM NO. |
NAME |
RATE |
COMMENTS |
201 |
VERKIN, S. |
32 |
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201 |
LAKEROUTE, B. |
32 |
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202 |
SIMINGTON, R. |
57 |
ADVISER |
203 |
CASTLE, N. |
32 |
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203 |
ZEIGLER, R. |
32 |
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204 |
DRAKE, J. |
32 |
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204 |
DRAKE, A. |
32 |
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205 |
LENKSON, C. |
32 |
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205 |
SMITH, B. |
32 |
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206 |
HARMON, T. |
32 |
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206 |
LASTER, H. |
32 |
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207 |
AROWW, C. |
32 |
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207 |
THOMPSON, N. |
32 |
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208 |
JONES, K. |
32 |
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209 |
SAMSET, O. |
32 |
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F I G U R E 7 - 1 0 A group preregistration packet helps achieve quick registration for groups.
THE TIMES HOTEL
(GROUP REGISTRATION)
Welcome to our hotel. Your registration has been preprocessed. You have been assigned to room _____. Your tour guide has arranged to make final payment for room charges. Questions concerning other charges to your room account can be answered by dialing “3” on your room phone.
Thank you,
Front Desk Manager