- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgments
- •Founders of the Hotel Industry
- •E. M. Statler
- •Conrad Hilton
- •Cesar Ritz
- •William Waldorf Astor and John Jacob Astor IV
- •Kemmons Wilson
- •Ernest Henderson and Robert Moore
- •Ray Schultz
- •Historical Developments
- •Atrium Concept
- •Select-Service Hotels
- •Technological Advances
- •Marketing Emphasis
- •Total Quality Management
- •Major Reorganization, 1987–1988
- •Hotel Investment
- •September 11, 2001
- •Economic Downturn of the Late 2000s
- •Overview of the Hotel Industry
- •Types of Lodging Facilities
- •Hotels
- •Motels
- •All-suites
- •Select-service Hotels
- •Extended-stay Hotels
- •Market Orientation
- •Sales Indicators
- •Occupancy
- •Average Daily Rate (Average Room Rate)
- •Yield Percentage
- •RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room)
- •Levels of Service
- •Business Affiliations
- •Chain Affiliation
- •Referral Property
- •Company-owned Property
- •Management Contract Property
- •Brands
- •Independent Properties
- •Trends That Foster Growth
- •Leisure Time
- •The Me/Pleasure Concept
- •Discretionary Income
- •Family Size/Household Size
- •Business Travel
- •Female Business Travel
- •Travel as Experience
- •Career Development
- •Educational Preparation
- •Work Experience
- •Professional Memberships
- •Ports of Entry
- •Researching Growth Areas in the Hospitality Industry
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Organization of Lodging Properties
- •Organization Charts
- •Typical Job Responsibilities of Department Managers
- •General Manager
- •Assistant General Manager
- •Food and Beverage Director
- •Physical Plant Engineer
- •Executive Housekeeper
- •Human Resources Manager
- •Marketing and Sales Director
- •Front Office Manager
- •Controller
- •Director of Security
- •Parking Garage Manager
- •Organization of the Front Office Department
- •Typical Front Office Organization
- •Select-service Hotel Front Office Organization
- •Function of the Front Office Manager
- •Job Analysis and Job Description
- •The Art of Supervising
- •Staffing the Front Office
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Role of the Front Office in Interdepartmental Communications
- •Front Office Interaction with Other Departments in the Hotel
- •Marketing and Sales Department
- •Housekeeping Department
- •Food and Beverage Department
- •Banquet Department
- •Controller
- •Maintenance or Engineering Department
- •Security Department
- •Human Resources Management Department
- •Analyzing the Lines of Communications
- •Situation 1: Marketing and Sales Knows It All—But Didn’t Tell Us
- •Situation 2: Peace and Harmony in 507
- •Situation 3: I Know What You Said, and I Think I Know What You Mean
- •The Role of Total Quality Management in Effective Communication
- •An Example of Total Quality Management in a Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Physical Structure and Positioning of the Front Desk
- •Guest First Impression
- •Creating a Balance Between Guest Flow and Employee Work
- •Selecting a Property Management System
- •Importance of a Needs Analysis
- •Procedure for Performing a Needs Analysis
- •Selecting a Team
- •Analyzing the Flow of Guests through the Hotel
- •Communicating Information
- •Reviewing Administrative Paperwork
- •Management Review of Information
- •Evaluate Needs That Have Been Identified
- •Assessing Needs Based on Findings
- •Choosing Software
- •Choosing Hardware
- •Other PMS Selection Considerations
- •Vendor Claims
- •Hardware Installation Plans
- •Computer Training Programs
- •Backup Power Sources
- •Maintenance Agreement
- •Financial Considerations
- •PMS Applications
- •Reservations
- •Revenue Management
- •Registration
- •Room Status
- •Posting
- •Call Accounting
- •Checkout
- •Night Audit
- •Inquiries/Reports
- •Back Office
- •Housekeeping
- •Food and Beverage
- •Maintenance
- •Security
- •Marketing and Sales
- •Personnel
- •Electronic Mail
- •Time Clock
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Reservation System
- •Overview of the Reservation System
- •Choice Hotels International
- •Hilton Hotels
- •Marriott International
- •Global Distribution Systems (GDS) in Securing Reservations
- •Role of the Internet in Securing Reservations
- •Background on Room Rates Offered via the Internet
- •Effect of Internet on Pricing Rooms
- •Consumers Response to Use of the Internet—Third-Party Websites
- •Social Media
- •Financial Effects of Third-Party Reservations
- •Types of Reservation Systems
- •Franchisee
- •Referral Member
- •Sources of Reservations
- •Corporate Clients
- •Social/Military/Educational/Religious/Fraternal (SMERF)
- •Meetings/Incentive/Conference/Event (MICE)
- •Group Travelers
- •Leisure Travelers
- •Current Guests
- •Forecasting Reservations
- •Overbooking (Occupancy Management)
- •Revenue Management
- •Processing Guest Reservations
- •Systemwide Reservation Systems
- •Outsourcing Reservations
- •Types of Reservations
- •Reservation Codes
- •Cancellation Codes
- •Blocking Procedure
- •Process of Completing Reservations through a PMS
- •Database Interfaces
- •True Integration
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Occupancy Percentage
- •Average Daily Rate
- •RevPAR
- •History of Yield Management
- •Use of Yield Management
- •Revenue Manager
- •Components of Revenue Management
- •Definition of Yield
- •Optimal Occupancy and Optimal Rate
- •Strategies
- •Forecasting
- •Star Report
- •Block-out Periods
- •Systems and Procedures
- •Channel Management
- •Feedback
- •Management Challenges in Using Revenue Management
- •Considerations for Food and Beverage Sales
- •Applications of Revenue Management
- •Scenario 1
- •Scenario 2
- •Scenario 3
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the First Guest Contact
- •Components of the Registration Process
- •Capturing Guest Data
- •Guest Registration Procedure
- •Guest Hospitality
- •Inquiry about Reservation
- •Completion of Registration Card
- •Review Completeness of Registration Card
- •Extension of Guest Credit
- •Room Selection
- •Room Assignment from Inventory
- •Assigning Room Rates
- •Discuss Sales Opportunities
- •Assigning Room Keys
- •Security of the Key System
- •Maintaining the Key System
- •Registration with a PMS
- •Retrieving Reservation Form
- •Checking Room Inventory Option
- •Checking Room Status Option
- •Verifying Room Rate
- •Issuing Room Key
- •Obtaining Reports from the PMS
- •Self-Check-In
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Common Bookkeeping Practices
- •Debits and Credits
- •Forms Used to Process Guest Charges and Payments
- •Folio, Transfers, and Paid-out Slips
- •Account Ledgers
- •Guest Ledger and City Ledger
- •Posting Guest Charges and Payments
- •Point-of-sale
- •Room and Tax
- •Transfers and Adjustments
- •Paid-Out
- •Miscellaneous Charges
- •Phone
- •Display Folio
- •Reports
- •Transferring Guest and City Ledgers to Accounts Receivable
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Organizing Late Charges to Ensure Accuracy
- •Guest Checkout Procedure
- •Inquiring about Quality of Products and Services
- •Retrieving the Room Key
- •Retrieving and Reviewing the Folio
- •In-room Guest Checkout
- •Determining Method of Payment and Collection
- •Credit Cards
- •Bill-to-account (Direct Billing)
- •Cash and Personal Checks
- •Traveler’s Checks
- •Debit Cards
- •Assisting the Guest with Method of Payment
- •Money Wire
- •Travelers Aid Society
- •Auto Clubs
- •International Currency Exchange
- •Obtaining Future Reservations
- •Filing Documents
- •Relaying Guest Departures to Other Departments
- •Removing Guest Information from the System
- •Transfer of Guest Accounts to the Back Office
- •Checkout Reports Available with a Property Management System
- •Guest Histories
- •ZIP Code or Postal Code
- •Developing Conventions and Conferences
- •FAM Tours
- •Origination of Reservation
- •Frequency of Guest Visit
- •Types of Room Requested
- •Room Rates versus Occupancy Patterns
- •Tracking Social Media
- •Last Impressions of the Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Night Audit
- •The Night Auditor
- •The Night Audit Process
- •Posting Room and Tax Charges
- •Assembling Guest Charges and Payments
- •Reconciling Departmental Financial Activities
- •Reconciling Accounts Receivable
- •Running the Trial Balance
- •Goal of Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Departmental Totals
- •Bank Deposit
- •Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Manager’s Report
- •Formulas for Balancing the Night Audit Report
- •Room and Tax
- •Total Restaurant Sales and Sales Tax
- •Tips for Restaurant, Room Service, Banquet, and Lounge Employees
- •Room Service
- •Banquet Sales
- •Banquet Bar and Total Lounge Sales
- •Room Rental
- •Valet
- •Telephone Charges
- •Gift Shop Sales and Tax
- •Vending
- •Parking
- •Total Revenue and Total Write-Offs
- •Cash Sales and Accounts Receivable Balance
- •Credit Cards and Cash Applied to Accounts Receivable
- •Analysis of Accounts Receivable
- •Bank Deposit and Amount Transferred to Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Operating Statistics
- •Daily Flash Report
- •Reading the Flash Report
- •Reading the Night Audit
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Importance of Hospitality
- •Managing the Delivery of Hospitality
- •Management’s Role
- •The Service Strategy Statement
- •Financial Commitment
- •Total Quality Management Applications
- •Developing a Service Management Program
- •Guest Cycle
- •Moments of Truth in Hotel Service Management
- •Employee Buy-in Concept
- •Screening Employees Who Deliver Hospitality
- •Empowerment
- •Training for Hospitality Management
- •Evaluating the Service Management Program
- •Follow-through
- •Interfacing with Other Departments in Delivering Hospitality
- •Customer Relationship Management
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Determining Employee Hospitality Qualities
- •Job Analysis and Job Descriptions
- •Positive Hospitality Character Traits
- •Practicing Promotional Skills
- •Screening for Hospitality Qualities
- •An Outgoing Personality
- •Patience
- •Ability to Accept Constructive Criticism
- •Interest in Selling
- •Developing an Orientation Program
- •Economic Position of the Property in the Community
- •Overview of the Lodging Establishment
- •Employee Handbook
- •Policy and Procedure Manual
- •Introduction to the Front Office Staff
- •Equipment Overview
- •Interdepartmental Cooperation
- •Administering the Orientation Program
- •Selection of Orientation Leader
- •Developing a Training Program
- •Identification of Tasks and Job Management Skills
- •Preparing Step-by-Step Procedures
- •Management Concepts
- •Steps in the Training Process
- •Preparation: Get Ready
- •Delivery: Show Me
- •Administering a Training Program
- •Cross-training
- •Developing a Trainer
- •Job Knowledge
- •Training for Empowerment
- •Americans with Disabilities Act
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •The Role of the Front Office in Marketing and Sales
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Set Objectives
- •Brainstorm Areas for Promotion
- •Evaluate Alternatives
- •Devise Incentive Programs
- •Theories of Motivation
- •Douglas McGregor
- •Abraham Maslow
- •Elton Mayo
- •Frederick Herzberg
- •Applying Motivation Theories
- •Maslow
- •Mayo
- •Herzberg
- •Training Programs for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Train in Sales Skills
- •Develop an Attitude of Presenting Opportunities
- •Let Employees Experience Hotel Services
- •Use Role-Playing to Create Your Own Training Video
- •Budgeting for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Feedback
- •Guest Test
- •Financial Results
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office—An Example
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Security Department
- •Organization of a Security Department
- •Job Analysis of the Director of Security
- •In-House Security Departments versus Contracted Security
- •Room Key Security
- •Hard-key System
- •Electronic Locks System
- •Smart Card
- •Contactless Electronic Locks
- •Fire Safety
- •General Fire Code Requirements
- •Guest Expectations
- •Fire Safety Plan
- •Employee Training in Fire Safety
- •Guest Instruction in Fire Safety
- •Fire Action Communication Procedure
- •Emergency Communication
- •Developing the Emergency Communication Plan
- •Employee Safety Programs
- •Employee Safety Committee
- •Composition and Activities of the Safety Committee
- •Department Supervisors’ Responsibility
- •Safety Training Programs
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Housekeeping Department
- •Overview of a Housekeeping Department
- •Relationship of the Executive Housekeeper to the General Manager
- •Management of a Housekeeping Department
- •Room Assignment/Workload
- •Outsourcing Housekeeping Activities
- •Housekeeper’s Report
- •Communication
- •Situation 1: Why Can’t Room Attendants Get Those Rooms Cleaned More Quickly, or, If That Guest Asks One More Time…
- •Inventory Control
- •Fixtures
- •Theft Control of Inventory
- •In-house Laundry versus Outsourced Laundry
- •Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- •Material Safety Data Sheets
- •Americans with Disability Compliance
- •Professional Associations
- •Role of Chief Engineer in a Lodging Property
- •Job Analysis
- •Job Description
- •Technology
- •Managing Maintenance Inter-departmental Communications
- •Energy Management
- •The Greening of the Lodging Industry
- •Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Glossary
- •Index
Preface
The Fifth Edition of Hotel Front Office Management remains one of the leading texts in addressing the demands for instructing future leaders of the hotel industry. Educators who are preparing professionals for roles as front office managers and general managers in hotels are required to meet the challenges of operations, technology, training, empowerment, and international applications. This latest edition of Hotel Front Office Management continues to encourage students to take an active part in apply-
ing these concepts to the exciting world of hotel operations.
To the Student
The emphasis on management continues to play a central role in Hotel Front Office Management, Fifth Edition. The text’s structure will assist you as you prepare for positions as entry-level managers. The logical presentation of chapters in order of operations—overview of lodging hospitality; tour of the front office, review of the guest cycle, and analysis of guest services—allows you to gain insight into a front office manager’s role in the hotel. Reviews and analysis of other departments and how they relate to the front office include security and housekeeping.
To the Instructor
Instructors will find text material presented in a logical manner to develop lesson plans. Features include Chapter Focus Points; Opening Dilemmas to encourage students to relate to practical information; figures, tables, and photos that
xii P R E F A C E
represent current industry trends; International Highlights, which encourage diversity; End-of-Chapter Questions that support content presented in the text; and three welldeveloped Case Studies per chapter to facilitate student discussion.
A list of Key Words can be found at the end of each chapter, and an excellent Glossary at the end of the text is provided to assist instructors as they develop classroom activities and exams. Faculty will also find PowerPoint Slides and a well-developed Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank on the web site.
Text Features
The Fifth Edition of Hotel Front Office Management has maintained its high standards of pedagogical features, including:
■Opening Dilemmas present students with a mini-case-study problem to solve with the help of subsequent chapter presentations; a Solution to the Opening Dilemma is included at the end of each chapter.
O P E N I N G D I L E M M A
The group leader of a busload of tourists approaches the front desk for check-in. The front desk clerk acknowledges the group leader and begins the check-in procedure, only to realize no clean rooms are available. The desk clerk mutters, “It’s 4:00 P.M., and you would think someone in housekeeping would have released those rooms by now.” The group leader asks, “What’s holding up the process?”
■Hospitality Profiles feature selected commentaries from hotel front office managers, general managers, and other hotel department managers; these contribute a human relations element to the text.
H O S P I T A L I T Y P R O F I L E
ric O. Long, general manager |
He has served in various management positions at |
Eof the Waldorf=Astoria in New |
the Hilton Short Hills, Chicago Hilton and Tow- |
?York City, has been employed by |
ers, Hilton Walt Disney Village, Fontainebleau |
? |
|
Hilton Corporation for 30 years. |
Hilton Resort, and the Palmer House. |
■International Highlights include articles of interest that accentuate the international workforce and international career opportunities for hospitality graduates. Additionally, they provide a forum for instructors and students to discuss this aspect of hotel management.
W H A T ’ S N E W A N D R E V I S E D I N T H I S F I F T H E D I T I O N xiii
I N T E R N A T I O N A L H I G H L I G H T S
uInternational translation cards, which assist foreign guests in translating travel phrases of their native language into English, are frequently kept at front desks. International visitors and
hotel desk clerks find these cue cards helpful.
■Front-line Realities present unexpected yet realistic situations. Students are asked to discuss a method of handling these situations.
F R O N T- L I N E R E A L I T I E S
qAfuture guest has called the hotel and wants to arrange a small dinner party for his guests on the first day of his visit. The marketing and sales office is closed for the day, and the banquet manager has left the property for a few hours. What would you suggest the front desk
clerk do to assist this future guest?
■There are now three Case Studies at the end of each chapter.
■A Glossary, which appears at the end of the book, summarizes terms introduced in each chapter (and appearing in italics in the text).
What’s New and Revised in This Fifth Edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Hotel Management
■“Select-service” lodging terminology is introduced to reflect current usage; “limitedservice lodging” was used previously.
■Technological advances, including social media, guest room technology, IT infrastructure, surviving a tough economy with help from technology, and demystifying Web 2.0 are now included in the technological list of advances of the lodging industry.
■The importance of the Internet is emphasized for its role in marketing.
■A section on the economic downturn of the late 2000s is included to encourage students to address this challenge as they face their career and future management horizons.
■Additional metrics allow students to maintain their currency in the lodging market GOPPAR (Gross Operating Profit per Available Room).
Chapter 2 Hotel Organization and the Front Office Manager
■Updates include organizational charts of a large, full-service hotel, a medium-sized lodging property, and a select-service lodging property.
xiv P R E F A C E
Chapter 3 Effective Interdepartmental Communications
■New information on social media and its use by the marketing and sales departments is presented and discussed.
Chapter 4 Property Management Systems
■Updates now include social media terminology (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn®, YouTube) where applicable to emphasize its appropriateness to reservations as well as to marketing and sales.
■A brief listing of property management system vendors is now included, encouraging students to go beyond the text to seek information they will need in their future careers.
Chapter 5 Systemwide Reservations
■New facts about social media applications including Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are integrated throughout the chapter.
■Information on the central reservation systems for Choice Hotels®, Hilton Hotels®, and Marriott International, Inc., is updated.
■The effect of the Internet on pricing rooms is updated.
■Discussion of the global distribution system and its counterpart, customer relationship management, is expanded.
Chapter 6 Revenue Management
■A discussion of the Star Report is now included.
■The section on channel management now covers current technology that allows users to alter rates, inventory, and reservations in connection with third-party web sites.
■Other features include multilingual and international currency capability.
Chapter 7 Guest Registration
■ The section on self-check-in is updated.
Chapter 9 Guest Checkout
■Foreign currency transactions are exemplified by the exchange of Euros to U.S. dollars.
Chapter 10 Preparation and Review of the Night Audit
■ Figures on Case Studies (Night Audits) were updated.
Chapter 11 Managing Hospitality
■Information on social media and the impact of technology on managing hospitality is refreshed.
A D D I T I O N A L R E S O U R C E S |
xv |
Chapter 13 Promoting In-House Sales
■The figures in the sales budget for the example Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office are updated.
Chapter 14 Security
■The effects of international terrorism on hotel security are discussed.
■Information on electronic locks is expanded to included contactless electronic locks such as wristbands, key fobs, and key cards that use radio frequency identification (RFID).
Chapter 15 Executive Housekeeping
■New emphasis is placed on technology used to assign room attendants.
■The management concept of outsourcing housekeeping activities is presented.
■A new section addresses the chief engineer’s responsibilities, including role in a lodging property, managing maintenance, interdepartmental communications, energy management, and the greening of the lodging industry.
Additional Resources
An Instructor’s Manual to accompany the textbook is available to qualified adopters and may be downloaded from www.wiley.com/college/bardi. It contains materials to assist in the classroom. An updated Test Bank is also included.
The Test Bank for this textbook has been specifically formatted for Respondus, an easy-to-use software program for creating and managing exams that can be printed to paper or published directly to Blackboard, WebCT, Desire2Learn, eCollege, ANGEL, and other eLearning systems. Instructors who adopt Hotel Front Office Management can download the Respondus Test Bank for free. Additional Wiley resources also can be uploaded into your LMS course at no charge.
PowerPoint Slides are available for download at the text’s website (www.wiley.com/ college/bardi). Each set of slides contains the chapter focus points and key discussion points of the main topics of the chapter.
I think you will enjoy this new Fifth Edition of Hotel Front Office Management. I always appreciate hearing your comments (jxb21@psu.edu or james_bardi@yahoo.com).
My very best to the future professionals of the hotel industry!
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