- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgments
- •Founders of the Hotel Industry
- •E. M. Statler
- •Conrad Hilton
- •Cesar Ritz
- •William Waldorf Astor and John Jacob Astor IV
- •Kemmons Wilson
- •Ernest Henderson and Robert Moore
- •Ray Schultz
- •Historical Developments
- •Atrium Concept
- •Select-Service Hotels
- •Technological Advances
- •Marketing Emphasis
- •Total Quality Management
- •Major Reorganization, 1987–1988
- •Hotel Investment
- •September 11, 2001
- •Economic Downturn of the Late 2000s
- •Overview of the Hotel Industry
- •Types of Lodging Facilities
- •Hotels
- •Motels
- •All-suites
- •Select-service Hotels
- •Extended-stay Hotels
- •Market Orientation
- •Sales Indicators
- •Occupancy
- •Average Daily Rate (Average Room Rate)
- •Yield Percentage
- •RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room)
- •Levels of Service
- •Business Affiliations
- •Chain Affiliation
- •Referral Property
- •Company-owned Property
- •Management Contract Property
- •Brands
- •Independent Properties
- •Trends That Foster Growth
- •Leisure Time
- •The Me/Pleasure Concept
- •Discretionary Income
- •Family Size/Household Size
- •Business Travel
- •Female Business Travel
- •Travel as Experience
- •Career Development
- •Educational Preparation
- •Work Experience
- •Professional Memberships
- •Ports of Entry
- •Researching Growth Areas in the Hospitality Industry
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Organization of Lodging Properties
- •Organization Charts
- •Typical Job Responsibilities of Department Managers
- •General Manager
- •Assistant General Manager
- •Food and Beverage Director
- •Physical Plant Engineer
- •Executive Housekeeper
- •Human Resources Manager
- •Marketing and Sales Director
- •Front Office Manager
- •Controller
- •Director of Security
- •Parking Garage Manager
- •Organization of the Front Office Department
- •Typical Front Office Organization
- •Select-service Hotel Front Office Organization
- •Function of the Front Office Manager
- •Job Analysis and Job Description
- •The Art of Supervising
- •Staffing the Front Office
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Role of the Front Office in Interdepartmental Communications
- •Front Office Interaction with Other Departments in the Hotel
- •Marketing and Sales Department
- •Housekeeping Department
- •Food and Beverage Department
- •Banquet Department
- •Controller
- •Maintenance or Engineering Department
- •Security Department
- •Human Resources Management Department
- •Analyzing the Lines of Communications
- •Situation 1: Marketing and Sales Knows It All—But Didn’t Tell Us
- •Situation 2: Peace and Harmony in 507
- •Situation 3: I Know What You Said, and I Think I Know What You Mean
- •The Role of Total Quality Management in Effective Communication
- •An Example of Total Quality Management in a Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Physical Structure and Positioning of the Front Desk
- •Guest First Impression
- •Creating a Balance Between Guest Flow and Employee Work
- •Selecting a Property Management System
- •Importance of a Needs Analysis
- •Procedure for Performing a Needs Analysis
- •Selecting a Team
- •Analyzing the Flow of Guests through the Hotel
- •Communicating Information
- •Reviewing Administrative Paperwork
- •Management Review of Information
- •Evaluate Needs That Have Been Identified
- •Assessing Needs Based on Findings
- •Choosing Software
- •Choosing Hardware
- •Other PMS Selection Considerations
- •Vendor Claims
- •Hardware Installation Plans
- •Computer Training Programs
- •Backup Power Sources
- •Maintenance Agreement
- •Financial Considerations
- •PMS Applications
- •Reservations
- •Revenue Management
- •Registration
- •Room Status
- •Posting
- •Call Accounting
- •Checkout
- •Night Audit
- •Inquiries/Reports
- •Back Office
- •Housekeeping
- •Food and Beverage
- •Maintenance
- •Security
- •Marketing and Sales
- •Personnel
- •Electronic Mail
- •Time Clock
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Reservation System
- •Overview of the Reservation System
- •Choice Hotels International
- •Hilton Hotels
- •Marriott International
- •Global Distribution Systems (GDS) in Securing Reservations
- •Role of the Internet in Securing Reservations
- •Background on Room Rates Offered via the Internet
- •Effect of Internet on Pricing Rooms
- •Consumers Response to Use of the Internet—Third-Party Websites
- •Social Media
- •Financial Effects of Third-Party Reservations
- •Types of Reservation Systems
- •Franchisee
- •Referral Member
- •Sources of Reservations
- •Corporate Clients
- •Social/Military/Educational/Religious/Fraternal (SMERF)
- •Meetings/Incentive/Conference/Event (MICE)
- •Group Travelers
- •Leisure Travelers
- •Current Guests
- •Forecasting Reservations
- •Overbooking (Occupancy Management)
- •Revenue Management
- •Processing Guest Reservations
- •Systemwide Reservation Systems
- •Outsourcing Reservations
- •Types of Reservations
- •Reservation Codes
- •Cancellation Codes
- •Blocking Procedure
- •Process of Completing Reservations through a PMS
- •Database Interfaces
- •True Integration
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Occupancy Percentage
- •Average Daily Rate
- •RevPAR
- •History of Yield Management
- •Use of Yield Management
- •Revenue Manager
- •Components of Revenue Management
- •Definition of Yield
- •Optimal Occupancy and Optimal Rate
- •Strategies
- •Forecasting
- •Star Report
- •Block-out Periods
- •Systems and Procedures
- •Channel Management
- •Feedback
- •Management Challenges in Using Revenue Management
- •Considerations for Food and Beverage Sales
- •Applications of Revenue Management
- •Scenario 1
- •Scenario 2
- •Scenario 3
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the First Guest Contact
- •Components of the Registration Process
- •Capturing Guest Data
- •Guest Registration Procedure
- •Guest Hospitality
- •Inquiry about Reservation
- •Completion of Registration Card
- •Review Completeness of Registration Card
- •Extension of Guest Credit
- •Room Selection
- •Room Assignment from Inventory
- •Assigning Room Rates
- •Discuss Sales Opportunities
- •Assigning Room Keys
- •Security of the Key System
- •Maintaining the Key System
- •Registration with a PMS
- •Retrieving Reservation Form
- •Checking Room Inventory Option
- •Checking Room Status Option
- •Verifying Room Rate
- •Issuing Room Key
- •Obtaining Reports from the PMS
- •Self-Check-In
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Common Bookkeeping Practices
- •Debits and Credits
- •Forms Used to Process Guest Charges and Payments
- •Folio, Transfers, and Paid-out Slips
- •Account Ledgers
- •Guest Ledger and City Ledger
- •Posting Guest Charges and Payments
- •Point-of-sale
- •Room and Tax
- •Transfers and Adjustments
- •Paid-Out
- •Miscellaneous Charges
- •Phone
- •Display Folio
- •Reports
- •Transferring Guest and City Ledgers to Accounts Receivable
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Organizing Late Charges to Ensure Accuracy
- •Guest Checkout Procedure
- •Inquiring about Quality of Products and Services
- •Retrieving the Room Key
- •Retrieving and Reviewing the Folio
- •In-room Guest Checkout
- •Determining Method of Payment and Collection
- •Credit Cards
- •Bill-to-account (Direct Billing)
- •Cash and Personal Checks
- •Traveler’s Checks
- •Debit Cards
- •Assisting the Guest with Method of Payment
- •Money Wire
- •Travelers Aid Society
- •Auto Clubs
- •International Currency Exchange
- •Obtaining Future Reservations
- •Filing Documents
- •Relaying Guest Departures to Other Departments
- •Removing Guest Information from the System
- •Transfer of Guest Accounts to the Back Office
- •Checkout Reports Available with a Property Management System
- •Guest Histories
- •ZIP Code or Postal Code
- •Developing Conventions and Conferences
- •FAM Tours
- •Origination of Reservation
- •Frequency of Guest Visit
- •Types of Room Requested
- •Room Rates versus Occupancy Patterns
- •Tracking Social Media
- •Last Impressions of the Hotel
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Night Audit
- •The Night Auditor
- •The Night Audit Process
- •Posting Room and Tax Charges
- •Assembling Guest Charges and Payments
- •Reconciling Departmental Financial Activities
- •Reconciling Accounts Receivable
- •Running the Trial Balance
- •Goal of Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Preparing the Night Audit Report
- •Departmental Totals
- •Bank Deposit
- •Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Manager’s Report
- •Formulas for Balancing the Night Audit Report
- •Room and Tax
- •Total Restaurant Sales and Sales Tax
- •Tips for Restaurant, Room Service, Banquet, and Lounge Employees
- •Room Service
- •Banquet Sales
- •Banquet Bar and Total Lounge Sales
- •Room Rental
- •Valet
- •Telephone Charges
- •Gift Shop Sales and Tax
- •Vending
- •Parking
- •Total Revenue and Total Write-Offs
- •Cash Sales and Accounts Receivable Balance
- •Credit Cards and Cash Applied to Accounts Receivable
- •Analysis of Accounts Receivable
- •Bank Deposit and Amount Transferred to Accounts Receivable
- •Cashier’s Report
- •Operating Statistics
- •Daily Flash Report
- •Reading the Flash Report
- •Reading the Night Audit
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Key Words
- •Importance of Hospitality
- •Managing the Delivery of Hospitality
- •Management’s Role
- •The Service Strategy Statement
- •Financial Commitment
- •Total Quality Management Applications
- •Developing a Service Management Program
- •Guest Cycle
- •Moments of Truth in Hotel Service Management
- •Employee Buy-in Concept
- •Screening Employees Who Deliver Hospitality
- •Empowerment
- •Training for Hospitality Management
- •Evaluating the Service Management Program
- •Follow-through
- •Interfacing with Other Departments in Delivering Hospitality
- •Customer Relationship Management
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Determining Employee Hospitality Qualities
- •Job Analysis and Job Descriptions
- •Positive Hospitality Character Traits
- •Practicing Promotional Skills
- •Screening for Hospitality Qualities
- •An Outgoing Personality
- •Patience
- •Ability to Accept Constructive Criticism
- •Interest in Selling
- •Developing an Orientation Program
- •Economic Position of the Property in the Community
- •Overview of the Lodging Establishment
- •Employee Handbook
- •Policy and Procedure Manual
- •Introduction to the Front Office Staff
- •Equipment Overview
- •Interdepartmental Cooperation
- •Administering the Orientation Program
- •Selection of Orientation Leader
- •Developing a Training Program
- •Identification of Tasks and Job Management Skills
- •Preparing Step-by-Step Procedures
- •Management Concepts
- •Steps in the Training Process
- •Preparation: Get Ready
- •Delivery: Show Me
- •Administering a Training Program
- •Cross-training
- •Developing a Trainer
- •Job Knowledge
- •Training for Empowerment
- •Americans with Disabilities Act
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •The Role of the Front Office in Marketing and Sales
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Set Objectives
- •Brainstorm Areas for Promotion
- •Evaluate Alternatives
- •Devise Incentive Programs
- •Theories of Motivation
- •Douglas McGregor
- •Abraham Maslow
- •Elton Mayo
- •Frederick Herzberg
- •Applying Motivation Theories
- •Maslow
- •Mayo
- •Herzberg
- •Training Programs for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Train in Sales Skills
- •Develop an Attitude of Presenting Opportunities
- •Let Employees Experience Hotel Services
- •Use Role-Playing to Create Your Own Training Video
- •Budgeting for a Point-of-sale Front Office
- •Feedback
- •Guest Test
- •Financial Results
- •Planning a Point-of-sale Front Office—An Example
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of a Security Department
- •Organization of a Security Department
- •Job Analysis of the Director of Security
- •In-House Security Departments versus Contracted Security
- •Room Key Security
- •Hard-key System
- •Electronic Locks System
- •Smart Card
- •Contactless Electronic Locks
- •Fire Safety
- •General Fire Code Requirements
- •Guest Expectations
- •Fire Safety Plan
- •Employee Training in Fire Safety
- •Guest Instruction in Fire Safety
- •Fire Action Communication Procedure
- •Emergency Communication
- •Developing the Emergency Communication Plan
- •Employee Safety Programs
- •Employee Safety Committee
- •Composition and Activities of the Safety Committee
- •Department Supervisors’ Responsibility
- •Safety Training Programs
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Importance of the Housekeeping Department
- •Overview of a Housekeeping Department
- •Relationship of the Executive Housekeeper to the General Manager
- •Management of a Housekeeping Department
- •Room Assignment/Workload
- •Outsourcing Housekeeping Activities
- •Housekeeper’s Report
- •Communication
- •Situation 1: Why Can’t Room Attendants Get Those Rooms Cleaned More Quickly, or, If That Guest Asks One More Time…
- •Inventory Control
- •Fixtures
- •Theft Control of Inventory
- •In-house Laundry versus Outsourced Laundry
- •Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- •Material Safety Data Sheets
- •Americans with Disability Compliance
- •Professional Associations
- •Role of Chief Engineer in a Lodging Property
- •Job Analysis
- •Job Description
- •Technology
- •Managing Maintenance Inter-departmental Communications
- •Energy Management
- •The Greening of the Lodging Industry
- •Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
- •Solution to Opening Dilemma
- •Chapter Recap
- •End-of-Chapter Questions
- •Notes
- •Key Words
- •Glossary
- •Index
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E M P L O Y E E S A F E T Y P R O G R A M S 415 |
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H O S P I T A L I T Y P R O F I L E |
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ohn Juliano, |
the director |
of |
enforcement agencies in the greater Boston area. |
Jsafety and security at the Royal |
This is especially helpful when a person goes from |
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?Sonesta Hotel in Cambridge, |
hotel to hotel causing problems. For example, |
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Massachusetts, |
mentioned |
his |
several years ago in Boston, a man went to several |
participation in the Security Directors’ Network, |
hotels and set off fire alarms (he actually set a fire |
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a group of hotels that gather and share informa- |
at one hotel); when the unsuspecting and panicked |
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tion on security issues. For instance, if an incident |
guests ran from their rooms, he would enter and |
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occurs at the Royal Sonesta Hotel involving a |
steal the guests’ possessions. The network was |
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nonpaying guest, he fills out a report?and emails helpful in tracking his actions. However, nine of |
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it to the International Lodging Safety & Security– |
ten times when he receives a request for informa- |
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Boston Intel Network (ILISA), which then emails |
tion about a specific person, Mr. Juliano has no |
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the information to 40–45 other hotels and law |
information to supply. |
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Training |
The emergency communications managers on duty should receive ten or more hours of |
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training in leading a crisis situation. This training must be documented, with two hours |
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of refresher training every year. |
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Current employees receive two hours of training in emergency evacuation procedures. |
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New employees receive training in emergency evacuation at the time of orientation. |
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Refresher training, two hours every year, is required of all employees. |
Employee Safety Programs
The hospitality industry is rife with opportunities for employee accidents. Behind the scenes are many people crowded into small work areas, busy preparing food and beverages and performing other services for the guests. The employees who are most in danger include those whose equipment is in need of repair, who work in areas that are too small, or who depend on other employees who are not attentive to the job at hand. The front of the house also provides opportunities for accidents. Employees and guests must use public areas that may be overcrowded or worn from continual use. To comply with hotel law, “the innkeeper must periodically inspect the facility to discover hidden or latent defects and then to remove or repair those defects. During the time prior to repair the innkeeper has a duty to warn the guests about the existence and location of the dangers.”18
How does hotel management begin to develop guidelines for employee safety?
416 C H A P T E R 1 4 ■ S E C U R I T Y
Employee Safety Committee
The best way to begin is to establish a safety committee, a group of front-line employees and supervisors who discuss safety issues concerning guests and employees. Front-line employees know the details of day-to-day hazards. They deal with the faulty equipment, traverse the crowded banquet rooms, work next to one another in poorly laid-out kitchens, process soiled laundry, push carts through busy public corridors, and hear guest complaints during checkout. Moreover, these people are part of the group that employee safety procedures are supposed to protect. Why not give them an opportunity to make their environment better? Although some employees do not want this responsibility, others will welcome it. With positive results, there may be a few more volunteers the next time.
Management is also a necessary part of the committee, not only because it is used to carrying out long-range plans but because it supplies the clout and support needed to implement the procedures.
Composition and Activities of the Safety Committee
The safety committee should include representatives from all departments in the hotel. If this is not possible, then co-committees for each shift might be an option. Management should convey the importance of the safety committee. Every comment received from the members is worthwhile and should be noted in the minutes of the meeting (Figure 14-7). Checklists with assignments for fact-finding tours, to be reported at the next meeting, should be distributed to begin the process. The meetings should not be mere formalities, quickly conducted with little thought about their content. At each meeting, the minutes of the previous meeting should be read and progress made in accomplishing goals should be reported. Members should see that the tiles in the laundry room, the leak in the stack steamer, and the worn rug in the lobby have been repaired or replaced as suggested.
Department Supervisors’ Responsibility
Each department director must encourage a safety-conscious attitude. Management members can set an example by following safety procedures themselves when operating equipment, scheduling adequate staff during busy time periods, and following up on requests for repairs. If employees know you place safety first, they will also adopt that attitude.
F R O N T- L I N E R E A L I T I E S
qAfter slipping on debris while assisting a guest with his luggage, a front office employee shrugs off the injury, saying, “I needed a few days off anyway.” Discuss the danger inherent
in this type of employee attitude.
E M P L O Y E E S A F E T Y P R O G R A M S 417
F I G U R E 1 4 - 7 Minutes from a safety meeting keep participants on track.
Hotel Safety Committee Minutes 5/19
Members present:
A. Johnson, Housekeeping |
F. Black, Gift Shop |
M. Povik, Lounge |
S. Thomas, Housekeeping |
B. Lacey, Director of Security |
A. Smith, Maintenance |
L. Retter, Food Production |
T. Hopewell, Food and |
J. Hanley, Maintenance |
K. Wotson, Food Production |
Beverage Manager |
D. Frank, Parking Garage |
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M. Benssinger, Front Desk |
J. Harper, Banquets |
A. Gricki, Accounting |
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V. Howe, Front Desk |
T. Senton, Restaurant |
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1.The minutes from the 4/12 meeting were read. M. Benssinger noted the minutes stated that Johnson Rug, Inc., was in the process of repairing the rug in the lobby. This was not the case at all. No one to her knowledge has repaired the seams on the rug. The minutes were corrected.
2.B. Lacey gave an update regarding progress on suggestions for improving safety, compiled at the 3/01 meeting.
•The safety valves on the steam pressure equipment in the kitchen have all been replaced.
•The electrical cords on the vacuum cleaners on the 11th and 15th floors have been repaired.
•Five of the kitchen employees have been enrolled in a sanitation correspondence course. T. Hopewell is monitoring their progress.
•The basement has been cleaned up, and excess trash has been removed. Old furniture that was stored near the heating plant has been removed and will be sold at an auction.
•A new trash removal service has been selected. Regular trash removal will occur daily instead of three times a week.
•The lights in the east stairwell have been replaced. Maintenance has initiated a new preventive maintenance program for replacement of lights in stairwells and the garage.
•Three employees have volunteered to enroll in a substance abuse program. Their enrollment is anonymous to management and other employees.
3.M. Povik reported that the beer coolers are not maintaining the proper temperature. Several requests for service from the Gentry Refrigeration Service have been ignored. The director of maintenance will be informed of the situation.
4.A. Gricki reported that her efforts to reach Johnson Rug, Inc., to repair the rug have not been successful. The situation is dangerous. One guest almost tripped in the lobby yesterday. The director of housekeeping will be informed of the situation.
5.A. Johnson would like support from the committee to request the purchase of two training films on the correct procedure for heavy lifting and the proper use of chemicals. The committee agreed to write a memo to the general manager in support of this motion.
6.Members of the committee will meet at convenient times to do an informal safety survey of the maintenance department, housekeeping department, and kitchen. These surveys will provide feedback for department directors. All surveys are to be returned by June 1.
7.Meeting was adjourned at 4:42 p.m. Next meeting will be held June 10.