- •Unit 1 ‘The Environment’
- •Vocabulary 1 The Environment
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box below.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the words from Vocabulary 1.
- •3. Paraphrase the underlined words or word combinations using Vocabulary 1.
- •Vocabulary 2 Word building: Suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. The first is given as an example. Globalisation
- •2. All the words missing are nouns. Write suitable nouns in the gaps formed from the words in bold. Going green
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
- •4. Write an appropriate suffix to complete each adjective in the following sentences.
- •5. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. The car
- •1. Write an appropriate negative prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.
- •2. Write an appropriate prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.
- •3. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. Climate changes
- •Vocabulary 4 Threats and potential threats to the environment
- •1. Paraphrase the following sentences using words and phrases from the vocabulary above instead of the underlined words. Make any other necessary changes to produce a correct sentence.
- •2. Complete the following table, using a dictionary if necessary. Do not fill the shaded boxes.
- •3. Fill in the blanks using a word from the list.
- •Save it!
- •4. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words at the end of the sentence.
- •5. Answer the following questions using the vocabulary of the unit.
- •1. Choose the correct form(s).
- •2. Will or going to
- •3. Will or going to
- •4. Correcting mistakes of future forms
- •In the following dialogues, approximately half of the future forms are wrong. Find the mistakes and correct them. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
- •Unit 2 ‘Ecological Problems’
- •1. Study the table below.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the articles or some where necessary.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the articles or some where necessary.
- •5. Study the table below.
- •6. Study the table below.
- •7. Study the table below.
- •8. Study the table below.
- •9. Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
- •Vocabulary 1 Green issues
- •1. Complete the table with words from a and b above and related forms. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed syllable in each word. (The first one has been done for you.)
- •2. Match the two parts of these sentences containing expressions from c above.
- •3. Complete the sentences with expressions from d above.
- •4. Complete the sentences using one of the words from the box.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the word from the list below.
- •6. Paraphrase the underlined phrases using the vocabulary of the unit. Poisoned Environment in Nigeria
- •Vocabulary 2 Expressing cause and result
- •1. Cause, result in, lead to; result from, as a result of
- •2. Make three sentences about the other results of the tornado, using result in, result from and as a result of.
- •3. Rewrite the following sentences using the expressions in brackets.
- •4. Linking words and phrases
- •5. Underline the correct link word or phrase.
- •6. Fill in each space in these sentences with a suitable link word or phrase. More than one answer may be possible.
- •7. Answer the questions using different ways of expressing cause and result.
- •Vocabulary 3 Sustainable development
- •1. Complete the article with Sentences a - e below.
- •2. Look at the following key words from the article and find words which can go before or after them to form 'word combinations'. Two of them have been done for you as examples.
- •3. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place below
- •Waste Disposal
- •4. Multiple-choice cloze
- •Sustainability
- •5. Open cloze
- •Climate Change
- •6. Answer the questions using the vocabulary of the unit.
- •1. Future continuous and Future Perfect
- •2. Complete the sentences with the future perfect or future continuous form of the verb in brackets.
- •3. Recognizing correct future forms
- •4. What does John say?
- •5. Future continuous, Future Simple, Present Simple and Present Perfect
- •6. Correcting mistakes
- •In the following dialogues some of the future forms are wrong. Find the mistakes
- •7. Thinking about your future
- •Rain Forest Destruction
- •Vocabulary revision
- •1. Word formation
- •2. Multiple-choice cloze
- •Soil Pollution
- •3. Proof-reading
- •Polluting water is easy!
- •4. Fill in the gap with a suitable word. The first letter of the word is given.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word combination.
- •6. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word combination.
- •7. Find 13 different types of fuel in this word search.
- •8. Substitute the highlighted parts with the appropriate terms.
2. Make three sentences about the other results of the tornado, using result in, result from and as a result of.
3. Rewrite the following sentences using the expressions in brackets.
1. In New York in 1988 the temperature stayed above 32°C for 32 days, and the murder rate soared by 75 per cent.
A heatwave in New York ... (result in)
2. When the Fohn wind blows in Geneva, traffic accidents rise by 50 per cent.
There is ... (as a result of)
3. During the severe winter of 1962-63, economic activity in the UK dropped by about seven per cent.
(result from)
4. It has been estimated that by 2030, sea levels will rise 18cm with global warming.
(cause)
5. Following recent coastal flooding, insurance companies may increase premiums for homes and businesses.
(lead to)
6. Floods worldwide cost about $16 billion a year in damage.
(result from)
7. By 2030, warmer winters could melt the snow at many ski resorts around the world.
(cause)
8. Changes in atmospheric pressure can make swollen joints more painful for arthritis sufferers.
(as a result of)
/from “Focus on IELTS”, Sue O’Connell/
4. Linking words and phrases
Read the following text and look at the example sentences.
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1) because, as, since: show the reason or cause of something, They come before a clause: link word clause We stayed at home because/as/since it was raining
I’ll do it because I want to, not because you asked me to. As/since everyone is here, we can begin. (=It is obvious)
‘Why are you late?’ ‘Because I missed the bus.’
2) because of, owing to, due to, on account of, etc: show the reason or cause of something but they come before a noun (phrase), not a clause: link word noun (phrase) We stayed at home because of/owing to/due to/on account of/ as a result of/thanks to the rain.
Owing to the lack of money, the project will not continue next year.
The accident was due to human error.
He can’t run very fast on account of his asthma.
As a result of the pilot’s strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
Thanks to Ron and his car, we’ve managed to get all the deliveries done on time.
3) in order to, so as to are used before a verb which expresses the purpose of an action. She went on a diet in order to lose weight. She went on a diet so as to lose weight. She went on a diet in order not to be fat.
4) in order that and so (that) are used before a clause expressing purpose. The clause contains a modal verb. link words clause with modal verb We’re leaving now so/so that/in order that we can arrive early.
5) consequently, as a result, because of that express the result of an action mentioned earlier. When we use them at the beginning of a sentence, they are followed by a comma: We talked until the early hours of the morning. Consequently/As a result/ Because of that, I overslept. |