- •Unit 1 ‘The Environment’
- •Vocabulary 1 The Environment
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box below.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the words from Vocabulary 1.
- •3. Paraphrase the underlined words or word combinations using Vocabulary 1.
- •Vocabulary 2 Word building: Suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. The first is given as an example. Globalisation
- •2. All the words missing are nouns. Write suitable nouns in the gaps formed from the words in bold. Going green
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
- •4. Write an appropriate suffix to complete each adjective in the following sentences.
- •5. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. The car
- •1. Write an appropriate negative prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.
- •2. Write an appropriate prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.
- •3. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines. Climate changes
- •Vocabulary 4 Threats and potential threats to the environment
- •1. Paraphrase the following sentences using words and phrases from the vocabulary above instead of the underlined words. Make any other necessary changes to produce a correct sentence.
- •2. Complete the following table, using a dictionary if necessary. Do not fill the shaded boxes.
- •3. Fill in the blanks using a word from the list.
- •Save it!
- •4. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words at the end of the sentence.
- •5. Answer the following questions using the vocabulary of the unit.
- •1. Choose the correct form(s).
- •2. Will or going to
- •3. Will or going to
- •4. Correcting mistakes of future forms
- •In the following dialogues, approximately half of the future forms are wrong. Find the mistakes and correct them. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
- •Unit 2 ‘Ecological Problems’
- •1. Study the table below.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the articles or some where necessary.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the articles or some where necessary.
- •5. Study the table below.
- •6. Study the table below.
- •7. Study the table below.
- •8. Study the table below.
- •9. Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
- •Vocabulary 1 Green issues
- •1. Complete the table with words from a and b above and related forms. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed syllable in each word. (The first one has been done for you.)
- •2. Match the two parts of these sentences containing expressions from c above.
- •3. Complete the sentences with expressions from d above.
- •4. Complete the sentences using one of the words from the box.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the word from the list below.
- •6. Paraphrase the underlined phrases using the vocabulary of the unit. Poisoned Environment in Nigeria
- •Vocabulary 2 Expressing cause and result
- •1. Cause, result in, lead to; result from, as a result of
- •2. Make three sentences about the other results of the tornado, using result in, result from and as a result of.
- •3. Rewrite the following sentences using the expressions in brackets.
- •4. Linking words and phrases
- •5. Underline the correct link word or phrase.
- •6. Fill in each space in these sentences with a suitable link word or phrase. More than one answer may be possible.
- •7. Answer the questions using different ways of expressing cause and result.
- •Vocabulary 3 Sustainable development
- •1. Complete the article with Sentences a - e below.
- •2. Look at the following key words from the article and find words which can go before or after them to form 'word combinations'. Two of them have been done for you as examples.
- •3. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place below
- •Waste Disposal
- •4. Multiple-choice cloze
- •Sustainability
- •5. Open cloze
- •Climate Change
- •6. Answer the questions using the vocabulary of the unit.
- •1. Future continuous and Future Perfect
- •2. Complete the sentences with the future perfect or future continuous form of the verb in brackets.
- •3. Recognizing correct future forms
- •4. What does John say?
- •5. Future continuous, Future Simple, Present Simple and Present Perfect
- •6. Correcting mistakes
- •In the following dialogues some of the future forms are wrong. Find the mistakes
- •7. Thinking about your future
- •Rain Forest Destruction
- •Vocabulary revision
- •1. Word formation
- •2. Multiple-choice cloze
- •Soil Pollution
- •3. Proof-reading
- •Polluting water is easy!
- •4. Fill in the gap with a suitable word. The first letter of the word is given.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word combination.
- •6. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or word combination.
- •7. Find 13 different types of fuel in this word search.
- •8. Substitute the highlighted parts with the appropriate terms.
Unit 1 ‘The Environment’
Vocabulary 1 The Environment
|
A THE ENVIRONMENT The environment is the natural world in which people, animals and plants live. However, the way they live and behave may affect the environment. Scientists believe that human beings are responsible for today's major environmental (relating to the natural world and the effect that human activity has on it) problems. They say we have ignored two important principles of nature (all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people). First, natural resources (usable materials that are supplied by nature, e.g. gas, minerals and wood) have a limit. There is only so much life that each ecosystem (a community of living things depending on each other and the environment for survival) can support. Second, all our actions have consequences.
B PROBLEMS A major cause of environmental damage (harm) is the fact that natural resources are public possessions. The main environmental problems are a decrease in natural resources and an increase in environmental pollution (the process of making air, water and soil dirty). For a long time now, we have been producing more waste (materials that are no longer needed and are thrown away) than nature can deal with. We have also created new toxic (poisonous) substances that we cannot recycle (treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again) safely. The result is pollution. Industry (the production of goods from raw materials, especially in factories) is a major cause of air pollution. Burning coal, oil, and wood release carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere (stop holding these gases so that they can move freely in the atmosphere). A thick blanket of these gases forms and traps heat (prevent heat from escaping) within our atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect. The result of the greenhouse effect is global warming (the increase in temperature of the earth's atmosphere, which is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide).
C SOLUTIONS Communities, governments, and industries have been working together to protect our environment (to make sure that it is not damaged). For example, the Kyoto Protocol requires each participating country to reduce its level of greenhouse gas emissions (the production of the gases that are thought to cause the greenhouse effect) by the year 2012. Another achievement has been the fact that many countries have banned (decide or say officially that something is not allowed) the use of the kinds of gases that can destroy the ozone layer (damage it so badly that it no longer exists). In 1998 Suriname set aside 1.6 million hectares of its rain forests (thick forests in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain) as a reserve (a piece of land that is a protected area for animals, plants, etc). |