9. Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary.
(1) _____ Last year we went on holiday to Spain where my father was born. We had never been before as a family so I couldn't wait. We travelled by (2) _____ plane and when we got to (3)_____ airport in (4) _____ Madrid I was very excited. We saw many interesting sights and we visited the Prado Museum and the Escorial Palace where (5) _____ King of Spain lives. We also watched a bullfight. It was thrilling. We stayed in Spain all (6) _____ summer and we toured some of (7) _____ Spanish islands, too. I liked (8) _____ Spaniards but I found (9)_____ Spanish language rather difficult to understand. (10) _____ people there spoke very quickly and, although I had taken (11) _____ Spanish lessons at school, I was by no means fluent. We also met members of (12) _____ family whom we had never seen before and we went out with them a lot. My cousins took us to (13) _____ cinema one night but (14) _____ film was in (15) _____ Spanish so we didn't understand very much! All in all, we had a good holiday and we have invited our cousins to come and stay at our house (16) _____ next year.
/from “Round-up 6”, Virginia Evans/
Vocabulary 1 Green issues
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A Environmental pollution Companies should of course minimize environmental pollution - damage to the land, sea, etc. caused by their activities. They should not pollute the air with toxic emissions from chimneys or with toxic liquids that they discharge into rivers or the sea (as a result, these toxic liquids flow into the water). They should dispose of waste (get rid of waste) in more acceptable ways.
Nuclear power plants are required to monitor levels of radioactivity in the air and water around them, but critics say that even minimum levels of radioactivity are unacceptable. And some pollutants are carcinogenic, causing cancer.
G
B Recycling Products should be recyclable (able to be treated after they have already been used so that they can be used again) - the European Union, for example, has regulations about the proportion of products and packaging that must be reused and recycled. Household and industrial waste should also be recycled. Supporters of recycling say that dumping (get rid of) waste in landfills (an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth) cannot continue indefinitely and that burning waste in incinerators (a container which is closed on all sides for burning waste at high temperatures) is also environmentally damaging / damages the environment.
C Word combinations with 'environmental'
degradation damage to the environment devastation severe damage to the environment environmental lobby pressure groups such as Greenpeace and friends of the Earth who campaign on issues together standards rules that companies and government authorities should follow in relation to the environment
D Sustainability
T
Another aspect of sustainability is renewable or alternative energy sources such as wind power (replaced naturally and can therefore be used without the risk of finishing them all).
These are some of the environmental or green issues that companies are facing. BrE: reafforestation; AmE: reforestation /Business Vocabulary in Use. Advanced. Bill Mascull/ |
overnments
imposestrict regulations
to force companies to limit pollution.
he
development of industry, etc. which does not threaten the
environment or social and economic stability
is called sustainable development.
Some industries are directly
dependent on natural resources,
and managing these resources so that they are not depleted
(reduced)
is essential. For example, deep-sea fishing has to be done in a
way that maintains fish stocks and avoids overfishing.
Ideally, those engaged in logging
(the work of
cutting down trees for their wood)
that causes deforestation
(the act of
cutting down or burning the trees in an area)
should have an incentive to maintain future timber stocks through
reafforestation (the
act of planting new trees in an area where there used to be a
forest). These industries
should be run in ways that are sustainable
- in ways that maintain the resources that they rely on and do not
harm the environment.