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You don’t need to actually make the film for this class. But you need to
Things you are trying to
Things you are trying to
Things you should eat/ drink
pitch it to the rest of the class. Prospective filmmakers make a pitch when they
want to convince people that their project is worthwhile and exciting. So, in your
pitch you will do just that. It needs to be specific. Detail what the project is, how
the film might change people’s opinions on the subject, why people would want to
watch it.
Be as detailed as possible. For instance, if you plan on interviews, say
whom you plan to interview.
Your pitch should be less than 5 minutes, but allow time for questions.
The group ca n also make a poster advertising their film to put on th e walls of
the classroom.
21. Partner Interview:
Let’s see what your partner’s dietary concerns are at the moment—
if he or she has any. Fill out this chart. Write down your partner’s
answers. We are interested in food and drink, health and exercise.
So “Things you are trying to avoid or cut down on” might involve
smoking, drinking too much coffee, eating too much in general, and eating candy.
You get the idea. Afterwards, you may be asked to share your partners’ current
health conce rns with the class.
avoid or cut down on
eat/drink/do more of (e.g.,
because y ou hear it is good
for the health)
less of, but you can’t stop
162
because y ou love them too
much
22. Listen to the text “Girls Drink More Soda Than Milk”, fill in the gaps:
1. Ten years’ study analyzed the drinking ha bits of more than … girls between
ages … .
a) 2300 … 9 and 20
b) 2300 … 9 and 19
c) 230 ... 9 and 11
d) 2400 … 9 and 19.
2. When the study bega n … was the most popular drink.
a) soda
b) tea
c) milk
d) coffee
3. The reason they order soda more often is that the drink is … where the average
teenagers go.
a) more available
b) cheaper
c) more popular
d) absent
4. At food-fast restaurant milk is ….
a) more expensive
b) less popu lar
c) not offered
d) forbidden
5. Dieticians think soda is a … habit.
a) good
b) bad
c) normal health
163
d) bad health
6. The Dietary Guidelines of Americ a recommends … a day
a) two cups of milk
b) four cups of milk
c) three cup s of milk
d) two cups of soda
23. Read and translate the text. Give its abstract:
Nutrients
There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, vitamins, and water.
These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients or micronutrients. The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water.
The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. The macronutrients (excluding fiber
and water) provide structural material, energy. Some of the structural material can
be used to generate energy internally. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not
provide ene rgy, but ar e required for other reasons.
Most foods contain a mix of some or all of the nutrient classes, together with
other substances such as toxins of various sorts. Poor health can be caused by a
lack of required nutrients or, in extreme cases, too much of a required nutrients.
For example, both salt and water will cause illness or even death in too large
amounts.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates constitute a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, bread,
and other grain-based products. Simple carbohydrates are absorbed quickly, and
therefore raise blood-sugar levels more rapidly than other nutrients.
Contrary to popular belief, bread, potatoes, rice, and pasta are not fattening!
Starchy foods do no t co ntain a lot of calories compared to the fat you add to them.
Fat
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Fats may be classified as saturated or unsatur ated depending on t he detailed
structure of the fatty acids involved. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as
omega-3 or ome ga-6 fatty acids.
Many studies have shown that they are best in the hum an diet. Saturated fats,
are typically from animal sources, ar e next, while trans fat s are to be avoided. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature (butter or lard), while unsaturated
fats are typically liqui ds (olive oi l or flaxseed o il).
Fiber
Dietary fiber is a carbohydrate (or a polysaccharide) that is incompletely absorbed in humans and in some animals. There are two subcategories: soluble and
insoluble fiber. Whole grains, fruit (especially plums, prunes, and figs), and vegetables are good source s of dietary fiber. Fiber is important to digestive health and is
thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer. For mechanical reasons it can help in
alleviating both constipation and diarrhea.
Additionally, fiber, perhaps especially that from whole grains, may help lessen insuli n spikes and reduce the risk of type II diabetes.
Protein
Protein is important for maintaining healthy muscles, tendons, bones, skin
hair, blood, and internal organs. Protein deficiencies are rare. If you eat animal
products (milk, cheese, eggs, fish, meat), your diet will contain plenty of protein.
Even if you don’t eat animal products (vegans), if your diet includes a wide variety
of vegetables, legumes, fruits, breads and cereals, you will get all the protein you
need.
Vitamins
Vitamins are exiting! These 13 tiny, unseen elements of food have no calories, yet are essential to good health.
Vitamins A, D, E and K a re fat-soluble and can be stored in the liver or fat
tissue for a relatively long time. The other nine vitamins are water-soluble and can
be retained by the body for only short periods. They include:
• Thiamine Biotin
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• Riboflavin Folate (folic acid)
• Niacin Vitamin B
• Pantothenic acid Vitamin B
6
12
• Vitamin C
Minerals
Minerals help regulate the body’s water balance, as well as providing structure and functioning as part of hormones, enzymes, and vitamins. Eating a variety of foods is the best way to get all the minerals you need.
A total of 60 minerals have been discovered in the body, and 22 are essential
to health. We know the most about calcium, sodium, and iron. Calcium is the
primary mineral needed for building and maintaining strong bones (Sources are
milk, broccoli, green s, low-fat cheese).
Salt is the most familiar source of sodium. About 40% of salt is pure sodium.
Most people get far more sodium they need. Our bodies need only 500 mg of
sodium per da y.
The body needs small amounts of iron to make hemoglobin, which carries
oxygen in the blood. Adults need about 10 to 15 mg of iron per day.
24. Read the text and answer the question: “What are advantages of whole
plant food diet?”
Whole Plant Food Diet
Heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes are commonly called “Western”
diseases because theses maladies were once rarely seen in developing countries.
One study in China found some regions had essentially no cancer or heart disease,
while in other areas they reflected “up to a 100-fold increase” coincident with diets
that were found to be entirely plant-based to heavily animal-based, respectively. In
contrast, diseases of affluence like cancer and heart disease are commo n throughout the United States. Adjusted for age and exercise, large regional clusters of
people in China rarely suffer from these ‘western” diseases possibly because thei
diets are ric h in veget ables, and whole grains.
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The United Healthcare/Pacificare nutrition guideline recommends a whole
plant food diet, and recommends using protein only as a condiment with meals. A
National Geographic cover article from November, 2005, entitled The Secrets of
Living Longer , also recommends a whole plant food diet. The article is a lifestyle
survey of three populations, Sardinians, Okinawans, and Adventists, who generally
display longevity and “suffer a fraction of the diseases that commonly kill people
in other parts of the developed world, and enjoy more healthy years of life. “In
sums, they offer three sets of “best practices” to emulate. The rest is up to you. In
common with all three groups is to “Eat fruits, ve get a ble s, and w ho le gra i ns” .
The Nati onal Geographic article noted that an NIH funded study of 34,000
Seventh-day Advent ists betwee n 1976 and 1988 “… found that the Adv entists’ h abit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits lowered their risk of
developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole grain bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and, most surprisingly, consuming four servings of
nuts a week reduced their risk of hea rt disease” .
25. Read the text and underline any points that are new or surprised you:
The French “Paradox”
It has been discovered that people living in France live longer. Ev en though
they consume more saturated fats than Americans, the rate of heart disease is lower
in France than in North America. A number of explanations have been suggested:
• Reduced consumption of processed c arbohydrate and other junk foods.
• Regular consumption of red wine.
• More active lifestyles involving plenty of daily exercise, especially walking;
the French are much less dependen t on cars than Americans are.
• Higher consumption of artificially produced trans-fats by Americans, which
has been shown to have greater lipoprotein effects per gram than saturated
fat.
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Unit 9. Resuscitation of the Newborn
1
advance
продвижение вперед; успех, прогресс; улучшение
2
antepartum testum
предродовой тест
3
apnea
апноэ (временное) отсутствие дыхания; останов-
4
asphyxia
удушье, асфиксия, тяжелое расстройство дыха-
5
available
доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении; пригод-
6
concern
забота, беспокойство; отношение; участие, инте-
7
debris
инородные вещества или остатки органических
8
depression
вдавление; депрессия; ослабление, уменьшение,
9
to equip
оборудовать, снаряжать
10
failure
недостаточность, отсутствие; повреждение, оста-
11
hazard
риск, опасность
12
hypoventilation
понижение количества воздуха в легких
13
hypoxemia
гипоксемия (сниженная содержание кислорода в
14
intensive care unit
отделение реанимации
15
intrapartum fetal
наблюдение за плодом во время беременности
16
to manage
оказывать помощь, вести больного; суметь, уда-
1. Read and learn the words:
ка дыхания
ния и кровообращения из-за отсутствия кислорода
ный, полезный
рес
веществ; зубной налет
снижение действия, подавление
новка; авария; неудача
артериальной крови)
monitoring
ваться
168
17
marginal
маргинальный, краевой; предельный, критиче-
ский; минимальный (напр. о реакции)
18
micrognathia
микрогнатия (аномально малая величина челю-
19
resuscitate
оживлять; приводить в сознание
20
retrolental fibroplasia
ретролентальная фиброплазия (патологич. заме-
21
sophisticated
сложный (о приборе, машине и т.д.)
22
suction
сосание; всасывание; отсасывание, аспирация
23
supplemental = sup-
дополнительный
24
survive
выживать, уцелеть; перенести (операцию); прой-
25
tolerate
терпеть, выносить; быть толерантным
стей, особенно нижней)
щение сетчатки фиброзной тканью и кровенос-
ными сосудами у недоношенных, находившихся
в кувезе при повышенном содержании кислоро-
да)
plementary
ти (обследование)
2. Translate the word combinations with the given key-words:
resuscitate: to resuscitate a newborn; resuscitation of neonates; resuscitation for
cardiac arrest
to equip: modern equipment; to equip intensive care units with modern facilities;
to be well equipped
failure: failure of development; heart failure; respiratory failure; X-ray examination failed to reveal tuberculosis
supplemental: supplemental oxygen; supplement to food; to supply with oxygen;
supply and dem and
3. Match Russian and English equivalents:
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A. 1) the concern of medicine; 2) easing pain; 3) healthy generation; 4) advances in
medical technology; 5) cardiorespiratory depression; 6) intrapartum fetal monitoring; 7) forced ventilation; 8) a wide range of disorders; 9) appropriate size mask;
10) while preparing fo r intubation; 11) prompt therapy; 12) external cardiac massage; 13) indications and frequency; 14) mucous debris from the airways
B. 1) достижения в медицинской технике; 2) наблюдение за плодом во время
родов; 3) забота медицины; 4) слизь и остатки органических веществ из воз-
духоносных путей; 5) ослабление сердечно-легочной деятельности; 6) срочная терапия; 7) принудительная вентиляция; 8) облегчить боль; 9) во время
подготовки к интубации; 10) наружный массаж сердца; 11) показания и час-
тота; 12) маска соответствующего размера; 13) широкий спектр нарушений;
14) здоровое поколение.
4. Translate into Russian the following word-combination:
1) preserving life whenever possible; 2) sophisticated medical treatment; 3) neonatal intensive care units; 4) a common factor; 5) respiratory failure; 6) resuscitation of newborns; 7) severity of lung disease; 8) minimal hazard to the patient; 9)
newborn infants; 10) prompt therapy.
5. Translate into English the follo wing word-combinations:
1) облегчение боли; 2) лечить новорожденных; 3) может обнаружить; 4) со-
стояния, связанные с удушьем; 5) угнетение деятельности ЦНС; 6) эффек-
тивное средство; 7) хроническое заболевание легких; 8) сердечно-легочные
нарушения; 9) понижение количества воздуха в легких; 10) медсестринский
персонал.
6. Read and translate t he given words:
1) consider – considers, considerable, consideration, considering, considered;
2) resuscitate – resusc itates, resuscitation, resuscitating, res uscitated;
3) avail – availability, available;
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4) to occur – occurs, occurred, occurring, occurrenc e;
5) to improve – improves, improved, improving, improveme nt.
7. Translate the following sentenc es:
1. Acute total asphyxia (8 to 15 minutes) of animals, followed by resuscitation has
not reproduced the acute clinical symptomatology or long-term CNS sequelae seen
in human infants surviving perinatal asphyxia. 2. Injury to kidneys, gut, lung and
muscle typically precede brain and myocardial injury. 3. Oxygenation in noncompliant lungs may be improved by the following: increased concentration of inspired
oxygen, increased inspiratory pressure, increased positive end-expiratory pressure
(PEEP), increased inspiratory time (I:E ratio), inspiratory pressure plateau (squre
pressure valve). 4. Ventilation (carbon dioxide removal) may be improved by the
following: increased total volume; increased rate; prolonging the expiratory time
(in some circumstances). 5. Infants suspected of meconium aspiration should be
intubated and suctioned before positive-pressure ventilation is used. 6. Bag and
mask ventilation should not be used if a diaphragmatic hernia is suspected. 7. Very
small infants and infants with micrognathia usually cannot be ventilated effectively
by bag and mask, and immediate intubation may be necessary. 8. With severe micrognathia and airway obstruction (Pierre-Robin anomaly), ventilation may be
possible through a nasopharyngeal tube passed through the nose and past the tongue obstruction. 9. A self-inflating infant resuscitator with an accumulator attached
to permit delivery of a high FiO
2 is also satisfactory. 10. It is common practice to
administer oxygen in a concentration just suffucient to relieve cyanosis, while
awaiting the results of blood gas measurements. 11. Some practitioners recommend limitation of FiO
2 to 0.80 for resuscitation in the delivery room. 12. When
cardiac output and its distribution are normal, oxygen tension of 40 to 50 torr probably provide for adequate tissue oxygen delivery. 13. In premature infants, oxygen
tension below 50 torr may depress respiratory effort, producing hypoventilation or
apneic spells. 14. In near-term and more mature infants, oxygen tensions below 50
torr may sig nificantly increase pulmonary vascular resistance.