Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
.pdf
5. Tony ...
a) has downloaded a suspicious program.
b) has opened a strange email.
c) has not made a backup copy of his project.
6. We can guess that Michelle ...
a) is angry with Tony.
b) off ers to come and help Tony.
c) decides to go out with someone else.
27. Парная работа. Обсудите с партнером следующие вопросы.
1. Have you ever had a similar problem to Tony’s? What happened?
What did you do?
2. How do you feel about computers? Do you think they are great /
awful / problematic but necessary?
3. What do you use computers for?
4. What do you usually do when you have a computer problem?
28. Прочитайте шутки и перескажите их на английском языке.
The Shape of the Earth
“What’s the shape of the Earth?” asked Tom.
“Round,” said Willie.
“How do you know it’s round?”
“Well,” said Willie, “it’s square then. I shan’t argue.”
A Smart Dog
A man went to visit a friend, and was surprised to fi nd him playing chess
with his dog. He watched the game in amazement for a while. “I can hardly
believe my eyes!” he said. “That’s the smartest dog I’ve ever seen!” “Oh,
he is not so smart,” the friend replied. “I’ve won four games so far, and he’s
only won two.”
A Poet
I knew a poet (not a very good one, to be honest) who said to a friend: “Do
you think I should have put more fi re into my poems?” His friend said: “No,
I really think you should have put more of your poems in the fi re.”
81
TEST
1. Выберите из трех предложенных вариантов один правильный.
1. Every researcher ... be interested in the results of his work.
a) ought to b) can’t c) had to
2. You ... take more exercise. It will help you to cope with stress.
a) may b) should c) needn’t
3. I ... take violin classes when I was a child. I hated them.
a) could b) must c) had to
4. We ... provide all necessary materials for the experiment.
a) must b) haven’t to c) are allowed to
5. At present every student ... explain the origin of X-rays.
a) must b) may c) can
6. You ... participate in this project, if you don’t want to.
a) aren’t to b) don’t have to c) shouldn’t
7. The obtained results ... be checked up by the lab technician.
a) have to b) is to c) are allowed to
8. ... the test ... begin at 8 or 9 in the morning?
a) Does ... have to b) Is ... to c) Is ... able to
9. No one ... enter the laboratory while the test is going on.
a) can b) should c) is allowed to
10. We ... leave our classes earlier as our teacher was unwell.
a) were allowed to b) were able to c) had to
2. Прочитайте текст и составьте резюме по прочитанному тексту на
английском языке.
The Menace of the Micro
By 2010, new technology had revolutionized communications. Now
people are transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously
would have been sent by post. Who knows, maybe, a postal system which
has essentially been the same since the Pharaohs will virtually disappear
overnight. Once these changes are introduced, not only postmen but also
clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paper-free society. All the routine tasks
they perform will be carried on a tiny silicon chip. As soon as this technology
is available, these people will be as obsolete as the horse and cart after the
invention of the motor car.
82
One change will make thousands, if not millions, lose their jobs. Even
people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the
key, are unlikely to escape the eff ects of new technology. Instead of going
to a solicitor, you might go to a computer which is programmed with all
the most up-to-date legal information. Doctors, too, will fi nd that an
electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more
accurate diagnosis and recommend more effi cient courses of treatment. In
education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more
knowledgeable than any human being. What’s more, most learning will take
place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school
though, until another place is created where they can make friends and
develop social skills through playing.
Whether the future is one of mass unemployment or greater freedom and
leisure will depend on how change is managed over this diffi cult period and
how the relationship between work and reward is viewed.
UNIT V. Modern Urban Life
LANGUAGE MATERIAL
1. Прочитайте и запомните новые слова, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. ancient [ˈeɪn(t)ʃ(ə)nt] древний
They found the ruins of an ancient civilization while digging for oil.
2. attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] 1) влечение, притяжение; 2) достоприме-
чательность
1) A little boy’s fi rst attraction to a little girl sometimes expresses itself in
somewhat aggressive behaviour as a means of getting attention.
2) The coral reef is the region’s prime attraction.
3. to belong (to) [bɪˈlɒŋ] принадлежать
Does anyone know who this old castle used to belong to?
4. to bury [ˈberɪ] захоронить, закопать
Some young dreamers spent day and night in the National Library
searching through ancient books and maps about buried treasure.
5. cathedral [kəˈθiːdr(ə)l] собор
A cathedral is a very large and important church which has a bishop in
charge of it.
83
6. to concentrate (on) [ˈkɒn(t)s(ə)ntreɪt] сконцентрироваться
He could pretend to concentrate on the book while his mind clearly drifted
somewhere else.
7. concrete [ˈkɒŋkriːt] 1) бетон; бетонный; 2) конкретный
1) He broke up the concrete block with a hammer.
2) They had no abstract ideas; in their minds all was concrete and clear.
8. to contain [kənˈteɪn] содержать
This book contains many graphs and illustrations.
9. to crown [kraʊn] короновать
He was crowned the world champion last September.
10. densely [ˈden(t)slɪ] густо, плотно
Greater Toronto is the most densely populated region in Canada.
11. dock [dɒk] док, пристань, причал
The engineers drew up plans for a new dock.
12. dome [dəʊm] купол, свод; величественное здание
The State Capitol stands in a square 8 acres in extent and has a central
tower and dome 240 feet.
13. guard [ɡɑːd] караул, охрана, стража
Tourists gather every day to watch the changing of the guard at
Buckingham Palace.
14. headquarters [ˌhedˈkwɔːtəz] главное управление, центральный
орган
Our company has some branches around Europe with its headquarters
in Minsk.
15. legal [ˈliːɡ(ə)l] правовой, законный, легальный
There is an urgent need for good legal advice.
16. masterpiece [ˈmɑːstəpiːs] шедевр
Marc Shagall’s masterpieces are well-known all over the world.
17. monarch [ˈmɒnək] монарх
The new monarch was a reserved prince, who seldom laughed, spoke
little and wrote less.
18. network [ˈnetwɜːk] сеть
People talk a lot about social networks these days.
19. residential [ˌrezɪˈden(t)ʃ(ə)l] жилой
The east wing of the palace was the really residential part.
20. royal [ˈrɔɪəl] королевский
After the play I was allowed to go behind the scenes and meet her in
her royal costume.
21. striking [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] поразительный, необыкновенный
The poverty of the city’s outskirts is striking.
22. suburb [ˈsʌbɜːb] пригород
The university Mr. Yamada works at is in the suburbs of Tokyo.
84
23. urban [ˈɜːb(ə)n] городской
Traffi c is a major urban problem.
24. wax [wæks] воск
The melted wax from the candle was dripping onto the birthday cake.
25. workshop [ˈwɜːkʃɒp] цех, мастерская; секция, семинар
Workshop is a place where light industrial or manual work is done.
2. Прочитайте интернациональные слова, обращая внимание на их
произношение, и определите их значение без словаря.
contrast [ˈkɒntrɑːst]
instrument [ˈɪn(t)strəmənt]
telegraph [ˈtelɪɡrɑːf]
conference [ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)n(t)s]
mineral [ˈmɪn(ə)r(ə)l]
photograph [ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf]
camera [ˈkæm(ə)rə]
tractor [ˈtræktə]
institute [ˈɪn(t)stɪtjuːt]
career [kəˈrɪə]
architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə]
avenue [ˈævən(j)uː]
master [ˈmɑːstə]
administrative [ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv]
restaurant [ˈrestərɒnt]
legal [ˈliːɡ(ə)l]
3. Подберите пары синонимичных или близких по значению слов.
1) striking
2) to contain
3) to belong
4) masterpiece
5) cathedral
6) dock
7) royal
8) urban
9) suburban
10) attraction
4. Подберите пары антонимов.
1) rural
2) ancient
3) royal
4) city center
5) residential area
6) citizen
7) dirty
8) luxury
9) public
10) populated
a) to be related
b) treasure
c) harbor
d) noble
e) impressive
f) metropolitan
g) interest
h) to include
i) temple
j) rural
a) modern
b) misery
c) industrial area
d) private
e) common
f) outskirts
g) uninhabited
h) urban
i) immigrant
j) clean
85
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
to be concentrated
to stay alive
to live outside the center
to be home for
transport network
the national television network
the original walled city
to be founded by the Romans
a poorer residential area
a luxurious hotel
a royal tomb
to be associated with
the country’s main court
to be crowned with a huge dome
to be guarded by
to be noted for
used to be a fortress
used to be a mint
the main tourist attraction
the London Eye
WORD-BUILDING
6. Проанализируйте модели образования слов, прочитайте и переведите слова, образованные на их основе.
Модель 1
основа прилагательного + -ness → существительное
weak – слабый
kind – добрый
happy – счастливый
eager – желающий
sad – грустный
tender – нежный
lazy – ленивый
willing – готовый
weakness – слабость
kindness –
happiness –
eagerness –
sadness –
tenderness –
laziness –
willingness –
основа глагола + -ant / -ent → прилагательное
depend – зависеть
correspond – соответствовать
resist – сопротивляться
persist – упорствовать
diff er – отличаться
hesitate – сомневаться
ignore – не знать
please – радовать
86
Модель 2
dependent – зависящий
correspondent –
resistant –
persistent –
diff erent –
hesitant –
ignorant –
pleasant –
Модель 3
основа глагола + -ance / -ence → существительное
clear – очищать
guide – руководить
resemble – быть похожим
assist – помогать
prefer – предпочитать
refer – ссылаться
exist – существовать
occur – случаться
clearance – очистка
guidance –
resemblance –
assistance –
preference –
reference –
existence –
occurrence –
GRAMMAR REVIEW
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН
7. Проанализируйте правило, приведенное в таблице, затем прочитайте и сравните примеры.
Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в
прошедшем времени: He said that...
Present Simple → Past Simple
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
Past Simple → Past Perfect
Future Simple → Future-in-the-Past
(will → would)
Действие придаточно го предложения
проис ходит одновременно с действием
главного
Действие придаточно го предложения
пред шествует действию главного
Действие придаточно го предложения
совер шается позже действия главного
I knew he was from Belarus. – Я знал, что он из Беларуси.
I thought you were a fresher. – Я думал, что ты первокурсник.
I didn’t know you liked modelling. – Я не знал, что вы любите мо-
делирование.
They didn’t know what they were designing at that moment. – Они не
знали, что они проектируют в данный момент.
He said that they were writing a test. – Он сказал, что они пишут тест.
He thought I was planning to move to another city. – Он думал, что
я планирую переехать в другой город.
She said she had been to London. – Она сказала, что бывала в Лондоне.
87
I thought you had left England. – Я думал, что вы уехали из Англии.
He told me that he had lost his way in the French Quarter of New
Orleans. – Он сказал мне, что заблудился во французском квартале Но-
вого Орлеана.
I thought that you would go to college. – Я думал, что ты пойдешь в
колледж.
I knew you would understand me. – Я знал, что вы поймете меня.
He told me that he would be on time. – Он сказал мне, что будет во-
время.
8. Раскройте скобки, выберите соответствующее время глагола.
1. Boris said he ... (is staying / was staying) at the Hilton Hotel. 2. They
realized that they ... (lost / had lost) their way while going on a safari in
Tanzania. 3. He asked me where I ... (study / studied). 4. I thought that I ...
(will fi nish / would fi nish) my work at that time. 5 He says he ... (works /
worked) at a building construction two years ago. 6. Vlad said he ... (is / was)
very busy planning their route to Australia. 8. My friend asked me why I ...
(am / was) keen on backpacking trips. 9. He said he ... (will come / would
come) to the station to see me off . 10. I was sure he ... (posted / had posted)
the letter. 11. I think the weather ... (
will be / would be) fi ne next week. I
hope it ... (will not change / would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that
Ottawa ... (is / was) the capital of Canada. 13. I want to know when he ... (has
returned / returned) from his expedition to the Himalayas. 14. I asked my
sister to tell me what she ... (has seen / had seen) at the museum.
9. Раскройте скобки, поставив гла голы в нужную временную форму.
1. He says that he ... (know) the laws of the country. 2. She says she
already ... (fi nd) the article about the world’s most amazing houses and
buildings. 3. The Brown family always say what a magnifi cent view of
downtown Manhattan they ... (have)! 4. Our History teacher pointed out
that after the Industrial Revolution massive urbanization ... (take) place in
less than two centuries. 5. I asked my groupmate if he ... (agree) that people
living in urban areas ... (be) happier than those living in rural areas. 6. The
city council announced that they ... (study) the problem of improving the
bus service. 7. The delegates were told that an effi cient sewage system and
frequent garbage collection ... (be) both important to maintain sanitation in
such a densely populated area as our city. 8. I knew the demonstration ...
(be) to start at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn’t know that
the experts restoring that landmark in our small town ... (get) all modern
machinery. 10. Pam was asked if the mystery of the pyramids ... (draw)
scientists’ attention all the time.
88
10. Преобразуйте вопросы, начиная предложения с фразы A.
A. Mr. Roberts asked Ella ...
• why she ... (want) to work for Portman Plastics.
• how long she ... (be employed) at Smithson Steel.
• if she ... (can) speak French.
• whether she ... (be) familiar with the plastics industry.
• why she ... (leave) her previous place of employment.
• if it ... (be) the fi rst time she ... (apply) for a managerial post.
• whether she ... (be) willing to move to Paris.
• when she ... (graduate).
• what salary she ... (hope) to receive.
• if he ... (can) check her reference.
Представьте, что именно Элла ответила на поставленные вопросы,
и преобразуйте их, начиная предложения с фразы B.
B. Ella said that ...
11. Переведите предложения на русский язык, учитывая правило
согласования времен, где это необходимо.
1. The designer asked us what we thought of his project. 2. The professor
was told that the new assistant had arrived. 3. I thought I would achieve good
results. 4. When setting up a plan one must pay attention to how this plan
should be implemented. 5. We didn’t know that 80% of industrial accidents
were caused by a lack of psychological well-being. 6. In 1898 the Curies
announced that they had discovered the element radium. 7. We all know
that for almost a thousand years Rome was the largest and most politically
important city in Europe. 8. I can’t imagine how people can stand spending
hours commuting to their work and back home every day. 9. They are
surprised to learn that in 1800 only three per cent of the world’s population
lived in cities. 10. He believed that it would be effi cient to install speed
cameras at every road of his town.
READING PRACTICE
12. Прочитайте текст A и переведите его на русский язык, пользуясь словарем.
TEXT A. THE SECRET OF THIS MAGIC CITY
London is the capital of Great Britain, its economic, political, and cultural
centre, which draws people all over the world to come and admire it all the
89
year round. It is situated on the both banks of the Thames. London is a very
old city. It is more than twenty centuries old. The original walled city of
London founded by the Romans was quite small. Slowly it grew into a large
city. And now it is the largest city in Europe and one of the largest cities in
the world with the population of 11 million people. About a fi fth of the total
population of the UK lives in the Greater London area, that is in London
and its suburbs. London is home for the headquarters of all government
departments, Parliament, the major legal institutions and the monarch.
It is the country’s business and banking centre and the heart of its transport
networks. It contains the headquarters of the national television networks and
of all the national newspapers. London consists of several main parts: the
City of London, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
The City is the fi nancial part of London. It is the district where most
offi ces and banks are concentrated. The Royal Exchange, the Stock
Exchange and the Bank of England are situated here. During the daytime,
nearly a million people work there, but less than 8,000 people actually live
there. Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they
travel to work in shops and offi ces by train, bus or underground.
The West End is a symbol of wealth. This district is known for its many
theatres, cinemas, luxurious hotels and restaurants, and expensive shops. At
night offi ces are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this
is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses
here, several concert halls and many theatres as well as cinemas. In nearby
Soho the pubs, restaurants and night clubs are busy half the night.
The East End is known as the poorer residential area of London where
mostly working people live. Many factories, workshops and the Port of
London is situated here. The old port area is now called “Docklands”. There
are now new offi ces building in Docklands, and thousands of new fl ats and
houses. This district of London is very unattractive, but very important to the
country’s commerce.
Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also
has many big parks full of trees, fl owers and grass. The most famous of them
are Hyde Park with its famous Speakers’ Corner and Kensington Gardens.
London is also the main tourist attraction of the country. There are a lot of
places of interest in London, which attract thousands of tourists every year.
They usually want to see Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus, Westminster
Abbey, the House of Parliament, Buckingham Palace, St Paul’s Cathedral,
the London Bridge, the Tower of London and many other places.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. Around the Square
there are several large buildings including the National Gallery and the
church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, but it is dominated by Nelson’s Column.
The monument was erected in 1881 to commemorate Nelson’s triumph at the
battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The monument is guarded by four bronze lions.
90
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]