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Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
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At one side of the Square is the National Gallery, which was built in 1924. It
has a rich collection of pictures.
At the other side of the Square is Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s offi cial
London residence. If the Queen’s fl ag fl ies over the Palace, it means that
the Queen is in the residence. Another well-known square of London is
Piccadilly Circus. It is the entertainment centre for the West End of London.
On the left bank of the Thames stands Westminster Abbey, which is now
the political heart of London. There are many royal tombs in the Abbey and
memorials to famous men and women. The most popular ones are those to
writers, poets and musicians in the Poet’s Corner.
There are two houses in the Parliament: the House of Commons and the
House of Lords. St Stephen’s Tower of the Houses of Parliament contains
probably the most famous bell in the world – Big Ben. Another place, which
attracts tourists, is St Paul’s Cathedral. St Paul’s Cathedral is Sir Christopher
Wren’s masterpiece. It was built from 1675 to 1710. It is crowned with a
huge dome. Inside the dome there is the famous Whispering Gallery. There
are many memorials in the Cathedral. Such people as Wellington, Nelson and
Wren himself are buried here.
The Tower of London was planned as a castle. It was built about 9 centuries
ago by William the Conqueror. It is associated with many important events
in the British history. The Tower has been a fortress, a palace, a prison, a
mint. The Tower is now the home of the Crown jewels protected by Yeomen
Guards more known as “Beefeaters”. London is also noted for its museums
and art galleries. Among them are the National Gallery, the National Portrait
Gallery, the Tate Gallery of sculpture, the Museum of London, the Museum
of Moving Image, Madam Tussaud’s Museum of life-size portraits in wax
and many others. But the most well-known and one of the largest in the world
is the British Museum.
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1) the Royal Exchange – Королевская биржа;
2) the Stock Exchange – Лондонская фондовая биржа;
3) Westminster Abbey – Вестминстерское аббатство;
4) St Paul’s Cathedral – собор св. Павла (главный собор англикан-
ской церкви);
5) the Tower of London – Лондонский Тауэр;
6) Big Ben – Биг Бен, “Большой Бен” (колокол часов-курантов на зда-
нии парламента, бой которых передается ежедневно по радио как сигнал точного времени);
7) a Beefeater – Бифитер;
8) the Museum of Moving Image – Mузей кино.
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13. Найдите в тексте A ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. Is London the largest city in the world?
2. Traditionally London is divided into several parts. Can you name them?
3. What do you know about the City?
4. Who was St Paul’s Cathedral built by?
5. What is the historic and governmental part of London?
6. What building has more historic associations than any other building
in London?
7. What is Big Ben?
8. Can you describe Trafalgar Square?
9. Where do the working people of London live?
10. What are the most famous London museums and art galleries?
14. Соотнесите географические и исторические названия с их описанием.
1. London
2.Westminster Abbey
3. The City
4. Buckingham Palace
5. Trafalgar Square
15. Прочитайте текст B и переведите его на русский язык, пользуясь словарем.
a) is the offi cial residence of the
Queen.
b) is the geographical centre of
London.
c) is the place where most English
kings and queens have been crowned.
d) is the oldest part of London where
few people live but over a million people
come to work here.
e) is the capital of Great Britain, its
political, economic and commercial
centre.
TEXT B. THE HELIOTROPE
A unique eco-house in Freiburg, Germany
Freiburg is a town of 200,000 inhabitants located in a beautiful countryside
on the edge of the Black Forest in southern Germany.
It’s a university town, an important industrial and commercial center,
and a tourist resort. But today it is best known as the ecological capital of
Germany. The old town is completely pedestrianized, recycling is a way of
92
life and people use bicycles and public transport to commute. In one part of
the town cars are forbidden: drivers must park on the edge of the suburb in
a special car park with solar panels on the roof. The result is that very few
residents own cars.
On the outskirts of the town there is a special district where all the houses
are solar-powered. Here there is a detached house which at fi rst sight looks
rather strange. It is an experimental eco-house called the Heliotrope. It looks
like a smallish tower block sitting on a narrow platform. In the center of
the house there is a spiral staircase, and as you go upstairs, you see large
bright rooms with triple-glazed windows and spacious balconies. Enormous
solar panels provide energy for the heating, the cooker, the fridge, the light
bulbs and all other domestic appliances. But the most amazing thing about
the house is that it turns round. It follows the sun from morning to night
to maximize the energy it produces. Although it rotates very slowly, the
movement is noticeable. It feels a bit like being on a ship in a calm sea or in
a house high up in a tree. The good news is that the technology works: the
house produces fi ve times more electricity than it consumes.
Freiburg is a window to the future which shows how urban life may
change. Perhaps one day we’ll all live in houses like the Heliotrope. If we do,
we’ll never have to worry about electricity bills again. And we’ll never get
bored with the view.
16. Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями в соответствии с содержанием текста B.
1. Freiburg is well-known for several reasons.
2. Nobody in Freiburg owns cars.
3. The ecological houses are in the center of town.
4. Everything in the house is powered by solar energy.
5. The house rotates to give the best view at every time.
6. When you are inside the house, you can feel its turning.
17. Составьте краткое сообщение о своем городе, используя следующий план.
(name of city) _______________ has _______________ inhabitants.
It is located in a region called _______________ in the (north / south /
west / east ...) _______________of _______________ (your country). It is
a / an _______________ (industrial center / historic city or town / tourist
resort ...). It is best known as (the birthplace of ...) _______________. It is
famous for (its castle / the fi lm festival ...)_______________.
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18. Прочитайте короткий отрывок и ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Do many people living in cities think of moving to rural areas?
2. Do many city people look for jobs in small towns?
3. Do people who plan to move really do it?
Do you live in a big city? If so, have you ever said to yourself “I can’t
stand it any longer, the noise, the polluted air, my hectic lifestyle”? Have you
ever told yourself you just have to get out? These days, a lot of people living
in big cities feel tired and fed up, and they simply long for the peace and quiet
of the countryside. They go to the mountains or lakes during their holidays
and sigh “If only we lived here, we would be happy!”. They gaze at photos
of wooden cottages on the Internet. A few even look for jobs in small towns.
However, few of them actually make the move. The excitement of living in a
big city can be like a drug.
19. Парная работа. Обсудите с партнером следующие вопросы.
Where would you prefer to live: in the city center, in the suburbs, on the
outskirts of a city, or in the countryside? Why?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city in
comparison with a village?
20. Составьте резюме по содержанию текста B.
21. Прочитайте текст С и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание.
TEXT C. HOUSES AND HOMES
1. Houses are buildings that you can live, eat and sleep in.
They protect you from dangers and bad weather. Most houses show the
lifestyles, traditions and cultures of the people who live in them. Homes and
houses have diff erent shapes and sizes. They are built of diff erent materials,
which depends on the climate of the area you live in. Thus, long ago people
built homes with whatever construction materials they had. In Africa and
some islands of the South Pacifi c they used grass or leaves that grew nearby.
In dry places houses were made of mud and clay. In the south-western part
of the United States the Pueblo Indians used sun-dried bricks to build their
houses. Even though today you can transport materials all over the world,
it is still easier and cheaper to use the materials locally produced. There are
four basic kinds of material that are used today. In the northern part of North
94
America and in northern Europe wood has been the main building material for
many centuries. Early settlers in America built log cabins and in Scandinavia
people designed wooden houses with large beams and balconies. Brick is
among the oldest and most popular building material. It lasts long and is easy
to get. Brick is often used to build row houses. Stone is the longest lasting
of all building materials. Weather cannot destroy it so much and insects and
animals cannot bore into it as they can into wood. Stone has been used for
many centuries because it cannot be destroyed by fi re. It has been used for
all sorts of houses, from palaces to farmers’ cottages. In modern buildings
we use concrete instead of stone and brick. It is cheaper and can be produced
almost everywhere. Concrete is a mixture of sand, broken stones, water and
other materials. Cement is added to hold it together. Steel rods are often put
into the concrete, to hold it together when buildings get higher.
2. Before you actually build a house there are a lot of things you must do
fi rst. You must have a piece of land on which your house can be built, then
you should ask an architect or builder to fi nd out if there are any restrictions
or limitations on building in the area. A construction drawing of the house
shows the size, order of the rooms, where doors and windows are and other
details. Then you usually need a building permit to start building your house.
The foundation supports your house. Construction workers start digging holes
for the footings, which support the walls of the house. They are made by
pouring concrete into forms that reach down below the frost line so that the
house cannot move when it freezes in winter. The area that is below the
ground is called the basement or cellar. Many basements have extra rooms
that are used for installing the heating system or for storage. Not all houses
have basements, though, and those in wet regions are often put on stilts.
The frame is the skeleton around which the rest of the house is built. Workers
put beams into the foundation that support the outside walls. Slabs are the
horizontal parts of the frame that separate the fl oors. When the frame is
fi
nished, the walls are raised. The roof protects the house from rain and sun.
Some roofs are fl at, others are slanted to lead rain and snow down. They are
built of diff erent materials depending on the climate and amount of rainfall.
3. When the outside of the house is fi nished, you must start working
on the interior. Windows and doors have to be built into the frame. Wires
must be laid for electricity and power. Plumbers install the pipes through
which water fl ows through. A new house has to be insulated in order to
reduce heating costs and to save money. Most houses have central heating
system. A furnace or boiler, mostly in the basement, warms up the water
which then leads along pipes through the whole house. Cold water returns
through the pipes and into the furnace where it is heated up again. More and
95
more houses install air conditioning to cool down in the summer months.
Finally, the walls are painted and the rooms decorated.
4. Home styles around the world are diff erent because of culture and
traditions. Western-style houses and buildings are found all over the world.
With their simple design they are slowly replacing traditional houses in the
Middle East and Asia. In big cities where there is not enough space people
often live in apartments. They appear in all kinds of sizes and forms – from oneroom apartments to apartments with balconies or terraces or even penthouses.
Town or row houses are often found in cities. They have separate street
entrances but often share the same walls. Many suburban residents live in
single-family houses with their own yards and gardens. Sometimes they
are built in groups that are owned and sold by a company. In rural areas,
farmhouses usually stand alone, surrounded by fi elds, barns and huts. In
some parts of the world people don’t always live in the same place. They
move their homes constantly. In other countries people live in houseboats
on rivers. Mobile homes are becoming more and more popular, especially
in America. They can be loaded onto a truck and towed from one place to
another.
22. Прочитайте и соотнесите слова с их определениями.
1) brick
2) beam
3) barn
4) cottage
5) footing
6) frame
7) permit
8) row house
9) skeleton
10) stilt
a) a pole that support a house or a building above
the water
b) a structure of a building
c) a house that is part of a line of houses that are
connected
d) a written statement that gives you the right to do
something
e) the main structure and outside parts of a house
f) bricks and stones that are under a building and
hold it to the ground
g) a small house in the countryside
h) a large farm building in which you have crops
or keep animal
i) a long heavy piece of wood or metal that is used
to build houses
j) a hard block of baked clay used for building
walls and houses
23. Соотнесите данные заголовки с частями текста С (1–4). Выразите одним предложением основную мысль каждой части.
96
A. Culture and lifestyle
B. Building a house
C. Climatic factors and building materials
D. Interior work
24. Парная работа. Составьте 5–6 вопросов по тексту С и обсудите
их со своим партнером.
25. Напишите аннотацию к тексту С.
ORAL PRACTICE
26. Прочитайте, переведите и разыграйте диалоги в парах.
Conversation 1
– I think we’ll get off the bus near the circus ...
– Do you mean to invite me to a circus show? I’d love to see it in London.
– Oh, no. I mean Piccadilly Circus. It’s just a square.
– I see. Why is it called that? Is it round, or what?
– Well? It isn’t exactly round. As a matter of fact any open space where a
number of streets meet can be called a circus. You can come across them
all over England. But when a Londoner speaks of the Circus he means
Piccadilly Circus.
Conversation 2
– I suppose you’ve been to Covent Garden?
– Covent Garden? I’m afraid not. I have only been to Green Park, Regent’s
Park and Kensington Gardens.
– Dear me! Don’t you know what Covent Garden is?
– I certainly do. It’s the Royal Opera House. I was just pulling your leg (pull
smb’s leg – дурачить, разыгрывать кого-л.).
Conversation 3
– While seeing the Tower of London, have you noticed several ravens in the
courtyard?
– Oh, yes, I have, there were some.
– There’s a belief that the British Empire will come to an end when those
ravens leave the Tower.
– Well, but as far as I know the British Empire does not exist any more,
though the ravens are still there.
– That’s right. Their wings are clipped (to clip – подрезать).
97
Conversation 4
Jane: I am calling about the advertisement. I am interested in renting a fl at,
but I’d like to know a few details.
Landlady: Well, it is a very nice fl at, very conveniently located: near the
center, but in a quiet side street. It has lovely views from the windows.
Jane: I see. That sounds nice. And how about public transport?
Landlady: There are lots of trams and buses and an underground station
within fi ve minutes’ walk.
Jane: And there are two bedrooms, is that right?
Landlady: Yes, two bedrooms and a living room.
Jane: Is it furnished?
Landlady: Well, the kitchen is fully fi tted, but the bedrooms are a bit bare,
to be honest.
Jane: So, how much is the rent?
Landlady: 500 pounds per month, payable in advance.
Jane: Can I come and see it?
Landlady: Of course. When would you like to come?
27. Прочитайте диалог между матерью (W) и ее взрослым сыном (M). Укажите, что именно женщине нравится и не нравится в
новой квартире ее сына. Для кого предназначены «микроквартиры»?
W: Hi! It’s me.
M: Hi, Mum! Come on in.
W: Here, I brought you a plant. A small plant for your microfl at!
M: Thanks, it’s great! I’ll put it here on the dining room table.
W: Oh, so this is the dining room.
M: Yes, well, this is where I eat.
W: There are only two chairs? It’s good your father isn’t here.
M: Mum, it’s a microfl at. There isn’t a lot of furniture.
W: It’s very ... sweet. Now, is there a living room?
M: Well, there isn’t a separate living room. This is the living room.
Just here.
W: Oh, I see. Yes, there’s a sofa and a TV ... yes, it is a living room.
M: And here’s the kitchen.
W: Oh, I see, three rooms in one – the dining room, the living room and the
kitchen.
M: Mum, it’s a microfl at.
W: Is there a bedroom? Or do you sleep on the sofa?
M: Of course there’s a bedroom. Come through here ...
W: Yes ...
98
M: Here it is.
W: This is nice ... but there aren’t any shelves. Where do you put your things?
M: There’s a wardrobe here.
W: Oh, but look, there is a bathroom!
M: Mum ...
W: ... and a toilet!
M: Mum ... Listen, do you want a drink? Let’s go out to the balcony ...
W: The balcony! Is there really a balcony?
M: Of course there’s a balcony. It’s a microfl at.
TEST
1. Выберите из трех предложенных вариантов один правильный.
1. The teacher asked the boys if they ... the sums.
a) solved b) had solved c) solve
2. Our teacher taught us that virtue ... its own reward.
a) is b) were c) has
3. The lecturer noted that the fi rst steam engine ... used more than 2,000 years
ago in Greece.
a) is b) was c) were
4. He spoke so fast that I ... understand anything.
a) cannot b) could c) couldn’t
5. This is the house where an outstanding scientist ... a century ago.
a) lives b) lived c) is lived
6. Nowadays every child knows that our life ... around electricity.
a) is revolving b) was revolving c) was being revolved
7. He declared that he ... it even if he saw it with his own eyes.
a) didn’t believe b) doesn’t believe c) would not believe
8. Tim admitted that he ... of moving house for years.
a) had been thinking b) had thought c) was thinking
9. Bill asked me if there ... a lot of strong buildings in Los Angeles that could
resist earthquakes.
a) are b) have been c) were
10. I wasn’t sure how long Graham ... his terraced house in a quiet city street.
a) had b) had had c) has had
99
2. Прочитайте текст и составьте резюме по прочитанному тексту на
английском языке.
A New Alternative
A German architect, Werner Aisslinger, thinks that he has found the
answer to our crowded cities. He has invented a portable microapartment.
These apartments are called “Loftcubes”, and they can be lifted onto any
empty, fl at roof by helicopter!
Each Loftcube is designed with a kitchen and a bathroom as well as a
large living area. They are extremely modern – they are built using all the
latest ideas, fabrics, and technology in interior design.
The Loftcube was fi rst shown at an exhibition in Berlin last year, but Berlin is
not the right place for them, because it has a housing shortage. These apartments
are needed in busy, overcrowded cities, such as London and New York.
They don’t cost very much – only £38,000. In the future, Aisslinger hopes
that young professionals who often move from city to city will buy them.
When it is time to move, they will just take their home with them.
“Since the Berlin exhibition last year, we have spoken to a number of
companies interested in them, but no decisions have been made yet,” says
Aisslinger.
He thinks that the homes will have been ready by the end of the next year.
Aisslinger’s vision of the future is of many rooftop communities in each big
city, and it is possible that this way of life will reach Britain fi rst.
UNIT VI. Travelling as a Great
Pastime
LANGUAGE MATERIAL
1. Прочитайте и запомните новые слова, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] преимущество, польза, выгода
He took advantage of the moment and bought a package tour to Dublin.
2. berth [bɜːθ] полка, спальное место
I still feel rather uncomfortable sleeping on an upper berth.
3. to book [bʊk] бронировать
These days one can book a hotel, a fl ight, a car rent and many other
things online.
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