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Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
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4. change [tʃeɪndʒ] перемена, смена
Sometimes we have to accept change if we want to move on.
5. deck [dek] палуба
The children were standing on the deck admiring the sunset.
6. drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] недостаток, помеха, преграда
The only drawback of this device is that it consumes too much energy.
7. due to [djuː] в результате, из-за; согласно
Due to bad weather our fl ight was cancelled.
8. dweller [ˈdwelə] житель
Not having grandparents living in the countryside Phil considers himself
a city dweller.
9. enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl] приносящий радость, приятный
It was an enjoyable evening walk around the neighbourhood.
10. fast [fɑːst] скорый
They promised they would buy fast train tickets as soon as they reached
the booking offi ce.
11. hiking [ˈhaɪkɪŋ] пеший туризм, поход
We used to go hiking every summer, which was the best solution for those
who didn’t have country cottages.
12. holidaymaker [ˈhɒlədɪmeɪkə] отдыхающий
This small coastal town is very popular with holidaymakers.
13. to laze [leɪz] бездельничать, нежиться
Sometimes my perfect weekend is just to laze around the house doing no
work for a change.
14. liner [ˈlaɪnə] лайнер
It was the fi rst time she had spent her holiday on a huge liner.
15. to look (at) [lʊk] смотреть (на что-л.), осматривать
What are you looking at? Have they changed the departure time?
16. means [miːnz] средство, средства (мн.ч.)
People usually choose this or that means of travelling to their liking.
17. to overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] преодолеть
They have to overcome lots of diffi culties.
18. overnight [ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt] ночной
If they can avoid, the Goodmans prefer not to travel on an overnight train.
19. to remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] напоминать, вспоминать
The old postcard of Minsk reminded me of days when I was a schoolgirl
and strolled along its wide avenues.
20. ruin [ˈruːɪn] развалины
After the war our hometown was in ruins.
21. seasick [ˈsiːsɪk] страдающий морской болезнью
As well as being unable to swim, Brian always feels seasick.
101
22. sleeper [ˈsliːpə] спальный вагон
She never buys tickets for a compartment in a sleeper on long
journeys.
23. to take pictures (of) [teɪk] [ˈpɪktʃəz] фотографировать, делать снимки
Sarah likes her new digital camera, so now she always takes pictures of
beautiful fl owers.
24. tent [tent] палатка
Modern tents look like real houses in miniature.
25. way [weɪ] способ, манера, путь, стиль
I like the way Professor Turchin tells us about his travels.
2. Прочитайте интернациональные слова, обращая внимание на их
произношение, и определите их значение без словаря.
telegram [ˈtelɪɡræm]
Parliament [ˈpɑːləmənt]
sport [spɔːt]
memorial [məˈmɔːrɪəl]
million [ˈmɪljən]
tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m]
photography [fəˈtɒɡrəfɪ]
statue [ˈstætʃuː]
minute [ˈmɪnɪt]
commerce [ˈkɒmɜːs]
political [pəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l]
informative [ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv]
programme [ˈprəʊɡræm]
drama [ˈdrɑːmə]
biography [baɪˈɒɡrəfɪ]
document [ˈdɒkjumənt]
opera [ˈɒp(ə)rə]
canal [kəˈnæl]
3. Подберите пары синонимичных или близких по значению слов.
1) enjoyable
2) holidaymaker
3) to look
4) fast
5) ruins
6) to travel
7) picture
8) to book
9) to laze
10) drawback
a) to tour
b) to stare
c) debris
d) photo
e) disadvantage
f) to do nothing
g) pleasant
h) express
i) tourist
j) to reserve
4. Подберите пары антонимов.
1) advantage
2) enjoyable
a) ugly
b) little
102
3) to laze
4) fast
5) to change
6) picturesque
7) expensive
8) fresh
9) happy
10) much
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
c) sad
d) stale
e) cheap
f) to remain
g) slow
h) to work
i) disgusting
j) disadvantage
in the twinkle of an eye
after a year’s work
either on business or for pleasure
for a change of scene
to look at shop windows
to dine at restaurants
a lot more interesting places
a dining car
a long journey
speed and comfort
to visit a place of interest
to get across the ocean
to go on the shore
a magnifi cent voyage
to suff er from seasickness
to reserve tickets
a great experience
a nature-lover
to walk through the wood
to put up a tent
WORD-BUILDING
6. Проанализируйте модели образования слов, прочитайте и переведите слова, образованные на их основе.
Модель 1
основа глагола + -able / -ible → прилагательное
accept – принимать
drink – пить
wash – мыть
fl ex – сгибать
profi t – приносить доход
suit – подходить
rely – надеяться, доверять
notice – замечать
acceptable – приемлемый
drinkable –
washable –
fl exible –
profi table –
suitable –
reliable –
noticeable –
103
Модель 2
основа глагола + -ure / -ture → существительное
depart – отъезжать
fail – потерпеть неудачу
press – давить
mix – смешивать
fi x – прикреплять
enclose – отгораживать
close – закрывать
create – создавать
departure – отъезд
failure –
pressure –
mixture –
fi xture –
enclosure –
closure –
creature –
GRAMMAR REVIEW
НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
7. Проанализируйте неопределенные местоимения и их производные, приведенные в таблице, затем прочитайте и переведите текст.
some any no
+ There are some mis-
takes in your test (всегда употребляется)
? Would you like
some coff ee? (предположение или просьба)
somebody / someone
something
somewhere
– They haven’t got any
relevant information (всегда
употребляется)
? Did the professor tell
you anything important?
(всегда употребляется)
+ Come round any time,
please (в значении «любой»)
anybody / anyone
anything
anywhere
+ We have no money
to book the tickets (придает предложению отрицательное зна чение)
+ We are no longer members of this club (в значении
«больше не»)
nobody / no one
nothing
nowhere
The journey on a slow train seemed to take forever. Everybody* in the
compartment looked completely bored. There was nowhere to buy any food
or drink. Some passengers had been sensible enough to bring their own
packed lunches, and everyone watched enviously as they unwrapped them.
At each station we stopped, people looked out of the windows hoping to see
some vendors with something in the way of refreshment. But sadly there
were no sellers at all. To be honest, I had little interest in anything but ending
the journey as quickly as possible.
* Every → everybody / everyone, everything, everywhere
104
8. Дополните в следующих предложениях пропущенные неопределенные местоимения.
1. There is _____________ on the phone for you. But please, don’t talk
too long!
2. Brenda would do ____________to get tickets for the concert of her
favourite band.
3. I can’t believe you don’t know about the party tonight. There are
posters ____________ around our hall of residence.
4. Does ________ know why Sandra can’t go on a trip with us? Has
___________ happened to her?
5. He’s very ambitious. ____________will stop him from becoming a
traveller writing essential guidebooks.
9. Перепишите предложения, используя нужную форму неопределенного местоимения вместо подсказок, которые даны в скобках.
1. (All people) ... dreams of a better life.
2. We’d like to go ... (to a quiet place).
3. (No other thing) ... is worse than losing your passport in a foreign
country.
4. You need to get ... (all the guests) to check out until midday.
5. You can choose ... (this or that hotel) on the list, they are all good and
very comfortable.
10. Прочитайте электронное письмо студента к своему преподавателю из летней языковой школы. Найдите пять ошибок в употреблении неопределенных местоимений и исправьте их.
Dear Mr. Bailey,
I am very sorry but I think I’ve lost a book I borrowed from the library.
Tomorrow is my last day here and I know that nobody needs to return books
before leaving.
At fi rst, I thought I’d left it at home. But I’ve looked anywhere and I can’t
fi nd it. And nobody in my host family doesn’t touch my things, so I guess I
have left it anywhere at school.
Do you think it is possible that anyone has found it and returned it to the
library? If not, what would you suggest I should do now?
All the best,
Alex Popov (library card No 3542)
105
11. Переведите письменно предложения с русского языка на английский.
1. Вас кто-нибудь встречает в аэропорту? 2. В автобусе ни кого нет.
3. В нашем вагоне есть кто-нибудь? 4. Там есть кто-то. 5. Там никого
нет. 6. У стойки администратора есть кто-нибудь? 7. На моей полке
(спальном месте) есть что-нибудь? – Нет, там ничего нет. 8. В чемодане что-то есть. 9. В нашем номере есть кто-нибудь? – Да, там кто-то
есть. 10. Под столом есть что-нибудь? – Да, там что-то есть. 11. Там
ничего нет. 12. В кабине пилота есть кто-нибудь? – Нет, там никого
нет. 13. В нашем отеле есть все, что вам необходимо для отличного отдыха. 14. Некоторые люди находят турпоходы приятным увлечением.
15. Наш гид хочет нам что-то сказать по поводу нашей завтрашней
поездки в старый город. 16. На второй день нашего автобусного тура
по Европе мой брат знал всех в нашей группе. 17. Если вы захотите
что-нибудь поесть, идите в вагон-ресторан. 18. Расскажите нам все о
ва шем путешествии.
ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ
12. Проанализируйте и запомните способы употребления числительных в английском языке, приведенные в таблице.
Количественные
числительные
Порядковые числительные
Дробные числительные
Даты 12.12.2012 – the 12th of December twenty twelve – 12th Decem-
Номера автобусов, страниц, глав
и т.д.
Выражение времени
106
1– one 15 – fi fteen 100 – a hundred
10 – ten 20 – twenty 1000 – a thousand
1st – fi rst 3rd – third 20th – twentieth
2nd – second 5th – fi fth 100th – hundredth
⅓ – one third ⅛ – one eighth 8.06 – eight point oh six
⅔ – two thirds 2.35 – two point three fi ve
ber, 2012
Flight 453 – fl ight four fi ve three
Bus 20 – bus twenty
Unit 6 – unit six
12:00 – it’s twelve o’clock sharp
12:15 – it’s quarter past twelve / twelve fi fteen
12:30 – it’s half past twelve / twelve thirty
12: 45 – it’s quarter to one / twelve forty-fi ve
13. Выберите и прочитайте вслух правильный вариант числительных.
1) 13 a) thirteen
b) thirty
2) 597 a) fi ve hundred and ninety-seven
b) fi ve hundred ninety-seven
3) £29.99 a) twenty-nine pounds and ninety-nine
b) twenty-nine pounds ninety-nine
4) 80p a) eighty pence
b) eighty ps
5) $600 a) six hundred dollars
b) six hundred dollar
6) 3/4 a) three fours
b) three quarters
7) 1996 a) nineteen hundred and ninety-six (year)
b) nineteen ninety-six
8) 15% a) fi fteen per cent
b) fi fteen percentage
9) 0181 a) zero one eight one (phone code)
b) oh one eight one
14. Назовите на английском языке.
1) 45 / 56 / 134 / 1246 / 590
2) 1.25 / 23.56 / 9.85 / 0.2
3) 14.02.1990 / 05.05.2000 / 31.08.2008 / 13.06.2016
4) 650 rubles / 25 dollars / 10.99 euros / on the 10:45 train / on page 55
5) at 02:34 / at 09:15 / at 11:30 / at 17:25 / at 20:45
15. Переведите устно следующие словосочетания на английский язык.
Тысячи книг; три тысячи рублей; двое моих друзей; пятьдесят килограммов; сотни ящиков; триста автомобилей; миллионы людей; двести
тридцать пять долларов и тридцать центов; шесть ваших книг; тысячи
городов; два миллиона тонн; двести студентов; сто пятнадцать кандидатов; двадцать один день; сотни упражнений; 1 января 2000.
16. Прочитайте, переведите и подберите русские эквиваленты к
следующим английским пословицам и поговоркам.
1. One for all and all for one.
2. First think, then speak.
3. Think twice before you speak once.
107
4. Habit is the second nature.
5. Two heads are better than one.
6. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.
7. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
8. Four eyes see more than two.
УСИЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ
IT IS (WAS) ... THAT (WHO)
17. Повторите структуру усилительной конструкции и переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. It is I in my family who always decide where we’re going on holiday.
2. It was in 2000 that Mr. Snow spent his holiday fi shing salmon in
Scotland.
3. It was Marco Polo who gave Europeans their fi rst information about
China and the Far East.
4. It is tourist industry that causes the destruction of exotic paradises.
5. It was John Sheffi eld, later the Duke of Buckingham, who had
Buckingham Palace built for his family in 1703.
6. It is Australia that is famous for its unique animals.
7. It was Dennis Tito who became the fi rst space tourist spending 8 days
in orbit as a crew member of ISS EP-1.
8. It is Edinburgh that can be proud of its castles, one of which is called
Edinburgh Castle sitting on the cap of an ancient volcano.
ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ И НАРЕЧИЕ
18. Проанализируйте образование степеней сравнения прилагательных / наречий, приведенных в таблице, затем прочитайте и
переведите текст.
Положительная степень Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень
long
hard
hot
thin
easy
funny
108
longer
harder
hotter
thinner
easier
funnier
the longest
the hardest
the hottest
the thinnest
the easiest
the funniest
Положительная степень Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень
comfortable
modern
Помни:
good / well
bad / badly
little
many / much
far
more comfortable
more modern
better
worse
less
more
further / farther
the most comfortable
the most modern
the best
the worst
the least
the most
the furthest / farthest
Last year Todd Bridges played in tennis championships in Melbourne,
Dubai, and Paris. In his interview he said that Melbourne had been interesting,
but for him, Paris had been more interesting than Melbourne, and in some
ways Dubai was the most interesting of all because it had been so diff erent
from any other places he knew. It had also been the hottest, driest, and the
most modern. It had been hot in Melbourne but not as hot as in Dubai.
Dubai had been much hotter! Todd also found Paris very old. In fact, he said
Paris had been the oldest city he had ever visited and it had been the most
romantic place.
19. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы. Если вы не уверены в ответе, начните его словами: I think / I suppose...; а если уверены – сло-
вами: Of course, ... .
1. Which is more expensive: staying in a fi ve-star hotel or a guest house?
2. Which is nicer: a sandy beach or a beach with stones and pebbles? 3. Which
is busier: the Thames or the Sozh? 4. Which is deeper: Lake Naroch or Lake
Baikal? 5. Which is faster: a plane or a ship? 6. Which is more popular in
Belarus: tennis or cricket? 7. Which is more diffi cult: Belarusian or Chinese?
8. Which is more loyal: a dog or a cat? 9. Who is more practical: a man or a
woman? 10. Who is more polite: a hotel receptionist or a hotel chef?
20. Дайте ответы на вопросы, содержащие прилагательные в превосходной степени. Начните ваши ответы словами: It seems to me
that... / In my opinion ... / If I am not mistaken ... .
1. Which is the most famous book by Vasil Bykov? 2. Which is the
oldest university in Great Britain? 3. Which is the highest peak in Belarus?
4. Which is the deepest lake in the world? 5. Which is the most densely
populated country in the world? 6. Which is the longest river in Europe?
7. What was the best holiday for you when you were at school? 8. Which is
109
the nearest planet to the Earth? 9. Who is the most outstanding Belarusian
artist? 10. Who is the most popular singer in Belarus?
21. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках,
сравнительную или превосходную степень в зависимости от смыла.
1. Minsk is ... (far) from Gomel than Mogilev. 2. The OZBUS is ... (long)
bus ride in the world. 3. When you travel by air baggage is usually supposed
to be ... (heavy) than carry-on. 4. His route will be planned ... (easily) than
yours. 5. Elbrus is ... (high) peak in the Caucasus Mountains. 6. Nowadays
we can travel ... (fast) and ... (comfortably) than when people could do even
two decades ago. 7. The tiger reserve in the Himalayas is one of ... (exciting)
and ... (good) places in the world. 8. We all prefer studying in the morning ...
(much) of all. 9. The last time I was in New York the city had one of ... (cold)
winters on record and ... (bad) snowstorm in years. 10. The Trans-Siberian
railway is ... (long) train journey in the world.
22. Прочитайте следующие английский шутки и переведите их на
русский язык.
1) The more you study, the more you know,
The more you know, the more you forget,
The more you forget, the less you know,
The less you know, the less you forget,
The less you forget, the more you know.
So, why do you study?
2) A wise old owl lived in an oak,
The more he saw, the less he spoke,
The less he spoke, the more he heard:
Why can’t we all be like that wise old bird?
READING PRACTICE
23. Прочитайте текст A и переведите его на русский язык, пользуясь словарем.
TEXT A. EAST OR WEST HOME IS BEST
The scientifi c and technological progress of the 20th century has allowed
people to overcome time and distance in the twinkle of an eye. Now modern
life is impossible without travelling. Millions of people travel every day
110
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