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Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
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21. Прочитайте текст С и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание.
TEXT C. HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION
IN BELARUS
Lots of people would agree that engineering is an essential part of the
daily life. The products of engineers are everywhere and all around us –
computers, mobile phones, cars, aircrafts, roads, bridges, medical equipment
and many others. Engineers are constantly in search of solutions to make
modern gadgets even faster, safer, stronger, more effi cient, more economical
and more environmentally friendly.
The education system of any country is responsible for producing new
generations of engineers capable of applying scientifi c knowledge and
practical experience to make things from which people will benefi t.
In terms of higher engineering education in Belarus it is provided by
a number of universities, including the Belarusian National Technical
University, the Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radio
Electronics, the Belarusian State Technological University, the Belarusian
State University of Transport, Gomel State Technical University and others.
The universities off er specialist training in a wide range of fi elds – electronic
and electrical engineering, mechanical, civil and nuclear engineering,
chemical and environmental engineering, technological and machine
building, and so on.
Engineering education is off ered on either a full-time or a part-time basis.
The undergraduate curriculum of each institution integrates fundamentals
of natural sciences, engineering science and mathematics with engineering
practice aspects. Lectures, seminars, practical and laboratory classes allow
students to get scientifi c knowledge and practical skills in diff erent subject
areas. The teaching staff provide students with academic guidance and help
them form a professional outlook.
As all engineering and technology courses are industry-oriented, students
are regularly sent to get some industrial training at the enterprises.
Belarusian universities also provide their students with a wide range of
scholarships, summer apprenticeship, and employment opportunities.
Not so long ago it took fi ve years to complete an engineering course, but
these days students normally graduate after four years of studies with the
Diploma of Higher Education. However, today’s employers want more than
a diploma holder – they want graduates who have developed a range of skills
and qualities appropriate for modern industry. Therefore, after graduation
students may go directly to work or take a one- or two-year Master’s course.
This is an important decision for those who are looking for a career in
41
research. All universities in Belarus are research-based institutions and off er
postgraduate studies in diff erent specialities. Postgraduate students conduct
signifi cant research working closely with a supervisor from the academic
staff . By the end of the course they submit a thesis and then defend it to
the Scientifi c Council. It goes without saying that all this work makes an
original contribution to knowledge. As the needs of business and industry are
continually changing, Belarusian universities review their curricula to refl ect
both the latest developments in engineering education and in technology.
22. Составьте вопросы к следующим ответам.
1. ______________________________? – All around us.
2. ______________________________? – Engineers are.
3. ______________________________? – Specialist training.
4. ______________________________? – Yes, it does. It intergrades
many aspects.
5. ______________________________? – With academic guidance.
6. ______________________________? – At the enterprises.
7. ______________________________? – Their students.
8. ______________________________? – With the Diploma of Higher
Education.
9. ______________________________? – Postgraduate studies in
diff erent specialities.
10. _____________________________? – Yes, they do. They review
their curricula.
23. Заполните пропуски в резюме текста С.
Engineering is an essential part of the daily life. It benefi ts people in
many ways. Engineers are constantly looking for __________ to make
modern gadgets even faster, safer, stronger, and more effi cient. Modern
engineers should be able to apply ____________ knowledge and practical
_____________. Engineering higher learning can be conducted on either a
_____________ or a ____________ basis. Students get scientifi c knowledge
42
and practical skills in diff erent subject areas by attending ______________,
_______________, and _____________ classes. After their graduation
students may go directly to ________________.
24. Парная работа. Проведите дискуссию по теме «Что больше всего
необходимо развить в себе будущему инженеру?», пользуясь нижеприведенными ключевыми словами и выражениями.
• creativity
• independent thinking
• responsibility
• practical skills
• self-motivation
• It seems to me that...
• In my opinion...
• To be honest, I believe that...
• The reason why I think so is that...
• In fact...
25. Напишите аннотацию к тексту С, используя данные конструкции.
• The title of the text is _______________________________________.
• The text is about __________________________________________.
• The writer states that _______________________________________.
• He also points out that ______________________________________.
• In addition, ______________________________________________.
• In conclusion, the text says that _______________________________.
• I fi nd this text very ________________________________________.
ORAL PRACTICE
26. Прочитайте и разыграйте диалог в парах.
Dan: Are you doing any course here at the moment?
Dee: No, actually, I am not. I am visiting my brother. He is living in the hall
of residence. It is his fi nal year and he is working very hard.
43
Dan: So, he is revising for an exam at the moment, isn’t he?
Dee: Oh, yes. In addition, he is having an extra tuition to improve his grades.
He says it does work out and he is beginning to feel much more confi dent
about his upcoming exam.
Dan: And how about you? Are you thinking of doing any course?
Dee: To be honest I am thinking about applying for a scholarship at a
university in my hometown. Well, with some luck next year I am going
to study Chemistry.
27. Прочитайте интервью и определите, верны ли данные ниже утверждения.
Interviewer: Tell me, do you like studying?
Lexie: My friends think I am really strange, but I always look forward to
when we have tests and exams.
Interviewer: Really? Why are you fond of exams?
Lexie: In fact, I believe exams are a really good way to show what you’ve
learnt.
Interviewer: And how long does it usually take you to sit for an exam?
Lexie: Well, I can’t say for sure, but I must admit I’d much rather spend the
evening at home revising for an exam than, say, having to write an essay
and do lots of exercises.
Interviewer: Why is it so?
Lexie: I think that’s because I’ve got a good memory.
Interviewer: And what’s your favourite subject?
Lexie: It has to be Math, I suppose. I just love solving problems and I don’t
know why people have such diffi culty with it.
Interviewer: Have you made any plans about your future career yet?
Lexie: Actually, I think I would like to teach Math after graduating from
college. I am sure I could explain it quite well.
1. Lexie hates taking exams.
а) верно б) неверно в) нет в тексте
2. Lexie thinks taking an exam is a waste of time.
а) верно б) неверно в) нет в тексте
3. Lexie usually revises for an exam at home.
а) верно б) неверно в) нет в тексте
4. Lexie is keen on solving problems in her Math classes.
а) верно б) неверно в) нет в тексте
5. Lexie is going to become a Math teacher when she graduates from college.
а) верно б) неверно в) нет в тексте
44
28. Расположите следующие предложения в строгой хронологической последовательности так, чтобы получился связный текст о
Томе, а затем составьте диалог-интервью с Томом о его жизни.
1. His research is in innovative manufacturing know-how of laser.
2. When Tom was at playschool, he played and had fun.
3. After fi nishing his BA, he took a year off .
4. In his last year of kindergarten, he began learning how to read and write.
5. He got into secondary school and did well in all subjects.
6. When he was at junior school, he loved Art lessons.
7. He got a place at university to do engineering.
8. He graduated with a fi rst-class degree.
9. He decided to do postgraduate work.
10. In his high school, he studied for both school fi nal and entrance exams
hard to get into university.
29. Прочитайте текст и вставьте пропущенные слова, выбрав один
из предложенных вариантов.
PUTTING IT OFF!
Your big (1) ... are just around the corner and you have only two or three
days left to do some serious revision. You have to memorise hundreds of
pages of the Theory of Structures – but you are only organizing the kitchen
cupboards instead. Suddenly you feel the time is right to pay particular (2) ...
to this area of the house and get it looking nice. The (3) ... upstairs can wait.
Such behaviour is known as procrastination – a deliberate attempt to avoid
something which really needs to be done. Other examples of such behaviour
include (4) ... the Internet or watching television. In short, procrastination is
the art of putting off till tomorrow what should be done today. More often
than not, the real (5) ... why a procrastinator delays a job is that they have a
little hope that someone else might just do it for them.
1. a) exams b) project c) job d) task
2. a) visit b) money c) debt d) attention
3. a) books b) the TV c) bed d) friends
4. a) surfi ng b) liking c) playing d) working
5. a) goal b) hope c) reason d) truth
45
TEST
1. Выберите из трех предложенных вариантов один правильный.
1. I felt I ... by an examiner.
a) was watching b) am watching c) was being watched
2. More and more fuel effi cient cars ... .
a) are being developed b) are developing c) is being developed
3. Listen to that! They ... again.
a) is arguing b) are arguing c) are being argued
4. ... at midnight again?
a) Aren’t they arguing b) Isn’t they arguing
c) Weren’t they arguing
5. We ... a new space probe before it’s launched.
a) are testing b) are being tested c) was testing
6. This time tomorrow the students ... an exam in Room 223.
a) will take b) won’t take c) will be taking
7. Sorry for the mess. The house ... .
a) is painting b) will be painting c) is being painted
8. Why ... the Internet?
a) are you browsing b) are you browse c) you are browsing
9. You can call him now. He ... .
a) is working b) isn’t work c) isn’t working
10. My car ... in the garage from 4 to 6 yesterday.
a) was fi xed b) was being fi xed c) was fi x
2. Прочитайте текст и составьте резюме по прочитанному тексту на
английском языке.
Five Tips for Engineering Students
Getting your engineering degree is a ticket to rewarding careers,
and sometimes a handsome paycheck. But before you enter the fi eld as a
professional engineer, some serious studying, a few late nights, and a few tips
to get you through your fi rst year are in order.
Tip # 1: Get to know your professors. Develop a relationship with your
professors so you feel comfortable approaching them and asking for help.
Tip # 2: Ask questions, both in class and out. Your professors want you to
learn. But if the only thing you ever ask is “Will this be on the test?” then you
46
are not taking advantage of their knowledge or willingness to help. Ask for
additional examples to clarify diffi cult equations and concepts.
Tip # 3: Try to solve a problem before asking for help. No one wants to do
your homework for you. You’ll be more likely to get help if you’ve already
begun the eff ort. When you fi nally fi nd someone who can help you with your
problem, be prepared to discuss what you have already tried, and bring your
draft papers showing your attempt.
Tip # 4: Diversify your engineering classes. Take classes in all sorts of
engineering, even if they are not your concentration. Understanding not only
the subject matter, but also how other types of engineers approach and solve
problems, will give you a better understanding of your own fi eld.
Tip # 5: Learn another language. Engineering knows no political or
cultural borders. Engineers are in great demand everywhere in the world.
Increase your worth by becoming profi cient in another language, and don’t
be afraid to think of your career on a global level.
UNIT III. Outstanding People
and Scientists of the World
LANGUAGE MATERIAL
1. Прочитайте и запомните новые слова, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. to act [ækt] действовать, поступать, влиять
Preparing for her fi rst presentation Helen was terribly nervous, but she
managed to act confi dently.
2. to apply [əˈplaɪ] применять (к чему-л., кому-л.), использовать, ка-
саться, относиться
This does not apply to students.
3. to appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] назначать, утверждать
He was appointed ambassador to Britain.
4. to come across [kʌm] [əˈkrɒs] случайно наткнуться, обнаружить
I came across my old school reports when I was clearing out my desk.
5. current [ˈkʌr(ə)nt] ток, поток
An electric current can generate magnetism.
47
6. discovery [dɪˈskʌv(ə)rɪ] открытие, находка
Frank Herbert has once remarked that the beginning of knowledge is
the discovery of something we do not understand.
7. to elaborate [ɪˈlæb(ə)reɪt] детально разрабатывать, уточнять
Tony was unwilling to elaborate and I didn’t really want to know all the
details anyway.
8. electricity [ˌelɪkˈtrɪsəti] электричество
Can you imagine what our life would be like without electricity?
9. to erect [ɪˈrekt] воздвигать, сооружать, устанавливать, монтировать
It took 300 steel workers two years and 15,000 pieces of iron to erect the
Eiff el Tower.
10. external [ɪkˈstɜːn(ə)l] внешний, наружный
Trever accidentally deleted all the fi les on one of his external hard disks.
11. glass [ɡlɑːs] 1) стекло; 2) стакан, бокал; 3) очки (мн. ч.)
1) Glass is made from sand.
2) There were a lot of diff erent glasses standing on the shelf in our
chemistry laboratory.
3) She can’t read the notice as she’s forgotten her glasses.
12. inverse [ɪnˈvɜːs] [ˈɪn-] противоположный, обратный
She told the mathematical tables in inverse order.
13. to judge [dʒʌdʒ] судить, оценивать, делать вывод
You can’t judge a book by its cover.
14. length [leŋ(k)θ] длина, расстояние, протяженность
What’s the length of this bridge?
15. to link [lɪŋk] соединять, быть связанным (с чем-л., кем-л.)
British contributions to science include many great discoveries linked
with famous names.
16. motion [ˈməuʃ(ə)n] движение, ход
Mr. Green made hand motions to get his students’ attention.
17. optics [ˈɒptɪks] оптика
In optics, he was the fi rst to observe the dark lines in the solar spectrum.
18. outstanding [ˌautˈstændɪŋ] выдающийся, знаменитый
His ability in mathematics is outstanding.
19. to rage [reɪdʒ] злиться, бушевать, свирепствовать
She raged about the injustice of their decision.
20. steam [stiːm] пар
Water turns into steam when it is boiled.
21. steel [stiːl] сталь
An important quality of steel is its strength.
48
22. strength [streŋθ] сила, достоинство, прочность
After a short break, the professor’s strength returned and he continued
with his work.
23. to study [ˈstʌdɪ] 1) заниматься, учиться; 2) изучать, исследовать
1) Sasha had a chance to study English for four years with a native
speaker.
2) Nearly four hundred years after his death, Shakespeare’s works are
read and studied around the globe.
24. unit [ˈjuːnɪt] единица измерения; киловатт-час
A centimeter is a unit of length.
25. wire [ˈwaɪə] провод
If you touch that wire, you’ll get a shock.
2. Прочитайте интернациональные слова, обращая внимание на их
произношение, и определите их значение без словаря.
astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə]
philosopher [fɪˈlɒsəfə]
farmer [ˈfɑ:mə]
experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt]
gravitation [ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n]
period [ˈpɪərɪəd]
option [ˈɒpʃ(ə)n]
actor [ˈæktə]
proportional [prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l]
reaction [rɪˈækʃ(ə)n]
motor [ˈməutə]
locomotive [ˌləukəməutɪv]
electric [ɪˈlektrɪk]
magnet [ˈmæɡnət]
moment [ˈməumənt]
monument [ˈmɒnjumənt]
planet [ˈplænɪt]
instrument [ˈɪn(t)strəmənt]
idea [aɪˈdɪə]
fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈment(ə)l]
3. Подберите пары синонимичных или близких по значению слов.
1) to be linked
2) famous
3) little
4) clock
5) help
6) house
7) length
8) exciting
9) quiet
10) law
a) outstanding
b) calm
c) home
d) distance
e) young
f) to be connected
g) breathtaking
h) rule
i) watch
j) aid
49
4. Подберите пары антонимов.
1) same
2) strength
3) little
4) enter
5) remain
6) interesting
7) illiterate
8) perfect
9) quiet
10) to act
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
used to live
by the length of his jump
to judge the strength
to fi nish considering
law of gravitation
planetary motion
uniform motion
to be buried with honours
a poor family of a blacksmith
a bookbinder’s shop
a) bad
b) noisy
c) graduate
d) boring
e) diff erent
f) big
g) move
h) to rest
i) weakness
j) knowledgeable
to struck one’s imagination
to devote one’s life
electromagnetic induction
to do well at school
to go out for a walk
to be erected to one’s memory
to be named after
to learn by watching
to lay metal rails
to supervise building
WORD-BUILDING
6. Проанализируйте модели образования слов, прочитайте и переведите слова, образованные на их основе.
Модель 1
основа глагола / существительного + -ive → прилагательное
to act – действовать
to instruct – обучать
to attract – привлекать
to invent – изобретать
eff ect – эффективность
expense – ценность, цена
impulse – импульс
defect – дефект
50
active – деятельный
instructive –
attractive –
inventive –
eff ective –
expensive –
impulsive –
defective –
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