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Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
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either on business or for pleasure. To begin with most of us travel every
day to our schools, offi ces and factories. From time to time we have to go
to another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people get
a holiday and they don’t like to spend it at home. Many people all over the
world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and
continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns. They travel to enjoy
picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to
discover new things, diff erent ways of life, to meet diff erent people, to try
diff erent food, to listen to diff erent musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time
visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at
exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or
in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bath and laze in the sun.
People can travel by plane, by train, by boat or by car. Of course, travelling by
plane is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive
too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. You
can see a lot more interesting places of the country you are travelling through
than just being on board of the plane. Modern trains have very comfortable
seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars that make even the longest
journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of
trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.
Travelling by boat is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board of river
ships you can visit diff erent places of interest within your own country.
On board of large cruise ships people can get across oceans and visit other
countries. Ships stop for a day or two in diff erent ports and people go on
the shore for excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnifi cent voyage with
enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you. The only drawback
is seasickness. So before starting on a voyage you should fi nd out whether
you suff er from it or not.
Many people prefer travelling by car. This way of travelling is very
convenient. You needn’t reserve tickets, needn’t carry heavy suitcases and
you can stop wherever you wish and spend at any place as much time as you
like. The cheapest and one of the most popular ways of travelling is hiking.
It is always a great experience for a nature-lover. Walking through the wood
or along the river, having a rest on the shore of a forest lake, climbing a
mountain you feel as being a part of nature itself. You can put up a tent and
enjoy fresh air and the sun all day long. Most travellers have a camera with
them and take pictures of everything that interests them. Later they will be
reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.
All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages. People
choose one according to their plans and destinations. When travelling we see
and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home.
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24. Найдите в тексте A ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. Are you fond of travelling?
2. What do people travel for?
3. How do people living in the country spend their holidays?
4. What do city dwellers usually like to do on the holidays?
5. Why do people choose diff erent means of travelling?
6. Why do some people choose planes for travelling?
7. Do you like to travel by train? Why?
8. What are advantages of travelling by train?
9. What are advantages of travelling by plane?
10. Would you like to go on a big ocean cruise? Why?
11. Why can it be convenient to travel by car?
12. If you could spend a hiking holiday wherever you like, what place
would you choose?
25. Прочитайте текст B. Подумайте, какие три вещи вас больше
всего раздражают в туристах. Обсудите свои идеи с партнером.
TEXT B. TROUBLESOME TOURISTS
Annoying things tourists do
There are tourists in major cities. Very often, they bring in much-needed
revenue, but there’s also a downside. A recent survey lists the things that
some tourists do which people fi nd annoying.
Tourist who ...
... carry backpacks on crowded trains or underground carriages.
... try to get on a train without waiting for people to get off fi rst.
... block the escalator and prevent anyone from walking up.
... use big wheelie bags and suitcases in busy places, often taking up all
the pavement space.
... walk really slowly along crowded pavement, especially when travelling
in large groups.
... ask questions in their own language, assuming that everyone else
speaks it too.
... pose for photos near landmarks and cause a pedestrian jam.
... ask passers-by to take photos of them.
... get angry because things aren’t the same as they are “back home”.
... complain about the local food.
... don’t take the trouble to learn a bit of the local language or a few
courtesy phrases such as “please” or “thank you”.
... are rude to waiters and waitresses or hotel staff .
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... don’t leave tips.
... wear inappropriate clothing in public, especially in countries where it
is more common to cover up.
Have you spotted any annoying tourist lately?
26. Прочитайте текст B еще раз и закончите словосочетания, используя слова из текста.
1) _________a backpack;
2) _________ on a train;
3) _________ the escalator;
4) take ___________all the pavement;
5) pose ___________ a photo;
6) _________ angry about something;
7) complain ___________ something;
8) _________the trouble to do something;
9) be rude ____________ someone.
27. Прочитайте и соотнесите слова с соответствующими им определениями.
1) revenue
2) downside
3) backpack
4) crowded
5) carriage
6) escalator
7) a wheelie bag
8) landmark
9) pavement
10) tip
a) extra money you leave for a waiter / waitress
when you are happy with the service
b) the part of a road that you walk on and that
cars can’t go on
c) an important building / monument in a city
d) a bag with wheels on it that makes it easier to carry
e) a type of moving stairs that takes you from
one level to another
f) trains have many carriages with seats for
about 50 people in each carriage
g) if a place is crowded, there are many people
there
h) a bag that you carry on your back
i) a negative / bad thing
j) the money that a business / company / country
earns or receives
28. Парная работа. Обсудите с партнером следующие вопросы.
1. Are there many tourists in your town / city?
2. What do they like to visit / do?
3. What do you think of them?
113
4. Which countries do they come from?
5. Is there anything you fi nd annoying about tourists?
6. What are the benefi ts of having them?
29. Составьте резюме по содержанию текста B.
30. Прочитайте текст С и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание. Соотнесите данные ниже заголовки с частями текста (1–3).
A. Air Travel
B. The Donkey
C. The Railways
TEXT C. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION
1. In today’s modern world of articulated lorries, high-speed railways
and super-effi cient courier services, it is easy to forget that many rural
communities and villages across the world would disappear if there were no
donkeys. Much of the world is dependent on donkeys moving food from farms
to small towns. Donkeys generally work very hard in rural and mountainous
areas where there aren’t any modern transport facilities. They carry huge
amounts of food from the villages to the towns and bring fertilisers and other
supplies back to the village. If a lorry runs out of diesel or petrol, it cannot
be used, but the donkey just needs grass, water and rest and is ready to work
again for long hours.
2. Many countries have an eff ective network of railways to help transport
diff erent types of goods, mostly unperishable goods. The earliest recorded
system was in ancient Greece in 600 BC. Since then, rail-links were built to
connect short distances. In the 19th century, this changed dramatically. Many
countries developed their own network with private links between diff erent
towns with Germany and Britain leading the way. These links provided the
capacity to carry heavy goods such as coal, iron ore and wood. Building a
railway was tremendously hard work for labourers. Railways are extremely
expensive to construct but essential for transporting raw materials and
fi nished goods such as textiles quickly and cheaply. In the early 19th century,
the fi rst passengers travelled on the railways with horse-drawn carriages.
From 1840–1850, Britain was completely connected by railways and used
steam engines to pull carriages.
3. Air travel is the most modern form of public transport and it was
developed in the 20th century. Millions of people use airplanes for a variety
of reasons. It is also extremely expensive to set up air-travel facilities. Some
travel for business, others go on holiday by air, whereas businesses use
114
cargo planes to move their products from country to country very quickly.
Some courier companies now have their own fl eet of planes ready to carry
parcels and post more effi ciently. There are diff erent types of passenger
services – some are cheap and provide a ‘no-frills’ service which is good
for short journeys. Other airlines provide passengers with a luxurious fl ying
experience. Airports are getting busier and it is evident that more passengers
and businesses than ever are now using airplanes to get to their destinations.
31. Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями в соответствии с содержанием текста C.
1. Donkeys are not needed in today’s economy.
2. Ancient Greece had a railway system in 800 BC.
3. The very early railways connected a lot of cities.
4. British passengers fi rst travelled on trains in the 1820s.
5. ‘No-frills’ airlines are popular because they are costly.
6. Some courier services use their own convoys of planes.
32. Соотнесите начало и продолжение предложений.
1. Many remote communities
need mules ...
2. British railway networks
developed ...
3. Many countries have an
eff ective network of railways ...
4. Railways are extremely
expensive to construct ...
5. Some courier companies now
have their own fl eet of planes ...
6. Airports are getting busier ...
a) ... to transport non-food goods.
b) ... but are needed by industry and
governments for quick transport.
c) ... because they can deliver a
more effi cient service.
d) ... because more passengers and
businesses are using air transport.
e) ... to transport food, raw
materials and essentials.
f) ... extremely quickly during the
mid-19th century.
33. Заполните пропуски в резюме текста C.
Means of Transport
Many communities would ____________ (1) if there were no donkeys.
Donkeys are _____________ _______________ (2) which can travel in the
countryside and mountain regions. They take goods to sell and bring back
__________ (3) to the villages. Railways are _______________ (4) for
carrying ________ (5) materials and fi nished _________ (6). They are used
to carry ______________ (7) items. They are _____________________ (8)
expensive to construct. Airplanes are used for a ________________ (9) of
reasons. Many courier companies have their own _________ (10) of planes
to transport letters and parcels more quickly.
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34. Напишите аннотацию к тексту C.
ORAL PRACTICE
35. Прочитайте, переведите и разыграйте диалоги в парах.
At the Inquiry Offi ce
– Good morning.
– Good morning, sir.
– I’ve found from this timetable that there are several trains to Minsk daily.
– Yes, quite so.
– Is there a sleeper on the overnight train which leaves at 11.45 p.m.?
– Yes, the train has sleeping accommodation.
– What time does the train get to Minsk?
– It’s due to arrive in Minsk at 6 a.m. It usually runs on time.
– Is there a dining car attached to this train?
– Yes, of course.
– Thank you for the information...
At the Booking Offi ce
– I’d like two tickets to Moscow for tomorrow.
– Which train?
– The 20.15 fast train.
– In a sleeper?
– Yes, of course. And in a non-smoker, please.
– Single or return?
– Two return tickets, please.
– Just a minute. Let me see. Yes, I can give you two upper berths in one
compartment.
– Can I have one lower berth?
– No. There are only upper berths left.
– OK. How much are they?
– Two return tickets are 4.00 Br. There you are.
– Thank you.
36. Расположите в хронологическом порядке алгоритм действий человека, путешествующего самолетом.
1. You go to the airport.
2. You go through security checks and wait in the departure lounge.
116
3. The plane lands and you get off .
4. You go to your gate.
5. The fl ight attendant brings you a drink.
6. You board the plane.
7. The plane takes off .
8. You fasten your seatbelts.
9. You check in and get a boarding pass.
10. You wait for your luggage at the baggage claim.
37. Прочитайте интервью с мужчиной, который дважды совершил
кругосветное путешествие на велосипеде. Выполните послетекстовое задание.
Val: You are listening to Travel Tales. I am Valerie Boubleday and today
we are asking you to tell us about people who have been on amazing
journeys. Our next caller is Scott from York... Hello, Scott.
Scott: Morning, Valerie.
V: Who’s your travel hero, Scott?
S: Well, Valerie. I love cycling, so my travel hero is a cyclist. His name is
Alastair Humphreys and he has just returned to the UK from an amazing
journey all around the world by bicycle! He cycled 46,000 miles across 5
continents and through 60 countries.
V: Amazing! Which route did he take?
S: Well, he took a ferry across the English Channel, then he cycled through
Europe and the Middle East, down from Egypt to South Africa, got a boat
to South America. Through the Americas from Patagonia to Alaska, then
he sailed across the Pacifi c to Siberia and Japan. Then back on the bike
across Asia and back to Europe.
V: How long did it take him?
S: Four years and three months.
V: What were his favourite places?
S: He really liked South Africa, Sudan, Russia and Colombia, but he said that
in general people were really friendly everywhere.
V: Did he have any diffi cult moment?
S: There were problems getting visas for some countries, and a few diffi cult
customs offi cers at some borders... He got lost a few times and had a
few crashes. And he had some pretty extreme weather from 45 degrees
Celsius in Sudan to minus 40 in Siberia!
V: Oh!
S: In China he rode for one month without a break! 4,200 km without a
shower!
V: Ooh!
117
S: He cycled up a 4,900-meter-high mountain in Peru. And in one day in
Bolivia he got 15 punctures!
V: Oh dear! Why do you think he did it?
S: For the adventure, of course, but above all to raise money for the charity
“Hope and Homes for Children”. He’s raised more than €13,000.
V: Have you met him?
S: Yes, I met him last week.
V: What’s he doing now?
S: He’s having a rest, and then he might write a book about his journeys. He
needs to make some money. He says that most of the people he met on his
journey thought he was rich because he has a bicycle. But here if the only
thing you own is a bike, people think you are poor, so that’s why he....
1. How long was Alastair’s journey?
a) 36,000 miles through 60 countries
b) 46,000 miles through 60 countries
c) 60,000 miles through 46 countries
2. How did he leave England?
a) by ferry
b) by plane
c) he cycled through the Channel Tunnel
3. Apart from cycling, he travelled ...
a) by air
b) by rail
c) by sea
4. Which diffi culty does the speaker NOT mention?
a) problems with visas
b) accidents
c) being robbed
5. Why did he do it?
a) mainly for fun
b) to write a travel book
c) to raise money for charity
6. The people Alastair met thought he was rich because ...
a) he had €13,000 on him
b) he had a bike
c) he was travelling around the world
38. Парная работа. Обсудите с партнером следующие вопросы.
1. Would you like to cycle or walk around the world? Why? / Why not?
118
2. Which countries would you most like to visit?
3. Who would you take with you on a trip around the world? Why?
4. What’s the most adventurous journey you’ve ever made?
39. Закончите реплики в коротких диалогах.
1. – Have you ever been to London?
– Yes, I ...
– Did you go there by train?
– No, ...
– Where did you stay?
– ...
2. – ...?
– Yes, I am leaving on Saturday. I’d like to see the British Museum, the
Tower and the Tower Bridge and many other historic sights.
– ...?
– I am staying at a hotel in the suburb.
– ...?
– Yes, breakfast is included, and they have cooking facilities as well as
a small restaurant next door.
TEST
1. Выберите из трех предложенных вариантов один правильный.
1. ... (good) way to explore China is by land.
a) The best b) Better c) The goodest
2. ... who has been there, will tell you what a great experience it is.
a) No one b) Someone c) Anyone
3. ... tourists prefer fl ying to China as they consider sitting on a bus or train
a waste of time.
a) Some b) Any c) No
4. But for those who don’t mind taking a bit ... (long) there is so much to see.
a) more longer b) longer c) the longest
5. From a bus you can see ... locals working in the rice fi elds.
a) any b) no c) some
6. You can even spend ... time learning a few Chinese phrases.
a) some b) every c) no
7. ... can resist to taste the local delicacy – bird’s nest soup.
a) No one b) Someone c) Anyone
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8. ... (many) bird species live in China than in any other place in the world.
a) The most b) More c) Much
9. Don’t forget to go and see the Great Wall of China, which is considered to
be ... (large) man-made structure in the world.
a) large b) larger c) the largest
10. In fact, there are more things to see and to do in China than ... else in the
world.
a) anywhere b) somewhere c) everywhere
2. Прочитайте текст и составьте резюме по прочитанному тексту на
английском языке.
A Holiday That Went Wrong
Last year Agnes decided to go on a walking tour along the coast of the Baltic
Sea. She was fed up with the idea of lying on the beach, sunbathing and doing
nothing; what she wanted was an active holiday. She started the preparations in
June. She was very excited about it, and she couldn’t wait to start!
The fi rst day was pretty good. She walked for about four hours in the
morning, and about three in the afternoon. But when she got to the place
where she planned to spend the night, it turned out that there was not a single
bed left free. She had to sleep out on the beach. The second day started with
heavy rain, so her things got very wet. On the third day she began to have
problems with her shoes. They were supposed to be “perfect trekking boots
for all conditions”, but it just wasn’t true. Her feet hurt so much that she had
to take a bus to the nearest town to buy some other shoes. When she was
there, she accidentally met an old friend. She invited Agnes to her holiday
home in the Lake District, but Agnes refused to go because she wanted to
keep walking along the seashore! So she did.
Next day, though, there was not only a problem with her shoes (the new
ones she had bought the day before), but also another worry: there was no
way to go! The track along the shore was blocked for some reason. She
thought it would take her a long time to fi nd another route. To make things
worse, her feet hurt, so she didn’t feel like walking any more. In the end, she
decided to call her friend with a house in the Lake District. When Agnes’s
friend heard her voice, she said happily, “Great! We’ll be lying on the beach,
sunbathing and doing nothing!” Well, she had to admit that she quite liked
that idea after all.
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