Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для инженеров-машиностроителей = English for Machinebuilding Engineering. Учебное пособие
.pdf
3. Подберите пары синонимичных или близких по значению слов.
1) goal
2) state
3) individual
4) reforming
5) training
6) to ensure
7) extramural
8) to gain
9) foreign
10) classes
4. Подберите пары антонимов.
1) free
2) postgraduate
3) foreign
4) theory
5) to include
6) traditional
7) major
8) to improve
9) to create
10) knowledge
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
continuity and equal access
moral upbringing
management of education
mature individual
to improve its quality
the major trends
to study a situation
to consider in work
to correspond with ideas
free education
a) education
b) to guarantee
c) to get
d) country
e) evening
f) objective
g) overseas
h) modernization
i) lessons
j) person
a) native
b) ignorance
c) practice
d) modernized
e) to worsen
f) to destroy
g) paid
h) minor
i) to exclude
j) undergraduate
to be classifi ed
to provide a two-stage system
in accordance with a scheme
to last one or two years
to occupy its niche
highly qualifi ed staff
to juggle work with studies
to gain one’s popularity
to provide services
to do postgraduate studies
WORD-BUILDING
6. Проанализируйте модели образования слов, прочитайте и переведите слова, образованные на их основе.
31
основа прилагательного + -ly → наречие
important – важный
necessary – необходимый
easy – легкий
happy – счастливый
excited – взволнованный
careful – внимательный
helpless – беспомощный
wise – мудрый
основа прилагательного + -ity → существительное
creative – творческий
equal – равный
productive – продуктивный
necessary – необходимый
possible – возможный
responsible – ответственный
acceptable – приемлемый
available – доступный
основа прилагательного + -cy → существительное
literate – грамотный
effi cient – эффективный
fl uent – беглый
frequent – частый
private – личный
suffi cient – достаточный
accurate – точный
vacant – свободный
Модель 1
importantly – важно
necessarily –
easily –
happily –
excitedly –
carefully –
helplessly –
wisely –
Модель 2
creativity – творчество
equality –
productivity –
necessity –
possibility –
responsibility –
acceptability –
availability –
Модель 3
literacy – грамотность
effi ciency –
fl uency –
frequency –
privacy –
suffi ciency –
accuracy –
vacancy –
GRAMMAR REVIEW
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS
В ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОМ И СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГАХ
7. Проанализируйте формы глаголов во временах Continuous Active и
Passive, приведенные в таблицах, затем прочитайте и переведите текст.
32
Continuous Tenses in the Active Voice
(на примере глагола to guide)
Present
be + Ving
Past
be + Ving
Future
will be + Ving
Present
be + being + Ved/V³
Past
be + being + Ved/V³
I am guiding
We are guiding
He is guiding
I / he was guiding
We were guiding
I will be guiding
He will be guiding
Am I guiding?
Are we guiding?
Is he guiding?
Was I / he guiding?
Were we guiding?
Will I be guiding?
Will he be guiding?
Continuous Tenses in the Passive Voice
(на примере глаголов to guide и to teach)
I am being guided
We are being taught
He is being guided
I / he was being guided
We were being taught
I am not guiding
We are not guiding
He is not guiding
I / he was not guiding
We were not guiding
I / he will not be guiding
Good morning and welcome to my class. My name’s Mr. Hill and I’m
your French teacher for the term. Let me start by saying that I’m very glad
to see you are all wearing the correct uniform! You all look very smart. This
term we’re doing a new coursebook and I hope you’ll fi nd our French classes
encouraging. But today I am not going to ask you to take your coursebooks
out of your bags. For now I’d like to hear a bit about each of you. Tell me
your name, a bit about your family, your interests...
8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в видовременных формах
Continuous Active и Passive.
1. At this very moment the students ... (examine) in this classroom. 2. The
Government ... (build) a lot of new schools in small towns now. 3. The test ...
(write) when all of a sudden the security alarm went off . 4. At midnight they
still ... (make) every eff ort to reach the agreement. 5. I ... (work) when he
returns. 6. Tomorrow between 1 and 2 they ... (discuss) some issues over
their lunch. 7. ... you ... (leave) the town shortly after your summer exams?
8. He ... (live) with his parents now because he ... (look) for a job. 9. The
article still ... (translate) by the student. Don’t bother him. 10. The mail ...
(deliver) from 9 to 11 yesterday morning.
33
9. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы по образцу, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous Active.
Model: – Do you want to watch TV? (do homework)
– I am afraid, I can’t. I am still doing homework.
1. Would you like to go for a walk? (write a report) 2. Does David want
to join us? (revise for an exam) 3. Do you want to go to the seaside this
June? (take exams) 4. How about going to the library today? (babysit my little
brother) 5. Does Jessica want to have a break? (type some documents) 6. Do
they know their new timetable for this term? (correct it) 7. Are you ready
to read what you have translated? (translate the article) 8. Is Lee already
willing to help us? (try to fi nish an essay) 9. Can you present your project
to us? (work on it) 10. Do you always feel confi dent to take part in class
discussions? (feel a bit nervous)
10. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы по образцу, употребляя
глаголы в Past Continuous Active.
Model: – Where did Ann improve her English? (live in England)
– She improved her English when she was living in England.
1. When did you buy that book? (sit for an exam) 2. When did Mike
lose his keys? (tour the city) 3. When did Nancy make up that story? (spend
her summer at camp) 4. When did Robert hurt himself? (ride the bicycle)
5. When did you hear that song? (drive and listen to the radio) 6. When did
you come across him? (do the shopping in the supermarket) 7. When did you
learn that information? (attend his lecture) 8. When did Jane learn to swim?
(rest at the seaside) 9. When did Alex get a bad grade? (cheat in the exam)
10. When did you become good friends? (go to the same college)
11. Преобразуйте следующие предложения по образцу, употребляя
глаголы в Future Continuous Active.
Model: – Don’t leave the dog alone. (bark)
– Don’t leave the dog alone. The dog will be barking.
1. Don’t come and see me after lunch. (type) 2. Don’t expect Martin to
come for this weekend. (study for an important exam) 3. Don’t ring Henry
up from 5 to 7. (prepare for the experiment) 4. Don’t bother our Dean with all
your questions this evening. (write his speech for the meeting
) 5. Don’t wait
for us to come this time tomorrow. (arrange the desks in our classrooms)
6. Don’t send them any letters in July. (work on the admission forms) 7. Don’t
ask Paul to give you this technical journal. (read it) 8. Don’t ask Mary to
marry you next year. (prepare for her entrance examinations) 9. Don’t tell
34
Father about your bad grades before dinner. (criticize you the whole evening)
10. Don’t use Margaret’s computer after 5 p.m. (still work at her report)
12. Дайте ответы на вопросы по образцу, употребляя глаголы в
Continuous Passive.
Model: – What is (was) going on in the hall? (a meeting / hold)
– A meeting is (was) being held there.
1. What is going on in the university park? (some new trees / plant)
2. What is going on in the laboratory? (the experiment / make) 3. What was
going on in the classroom when you came in? (an English song / rehearse)
4. What was going on when Clem’s mobile phone rang? (a new rule / explain)
5. What is going on in Room 223? (the Master’s course students / examine)
6. What is going on in this workshop? (new appliances / install) 7. What is
going on in this Apple store? (a new model / test) 8. What was going on in
their house when you knocked at the door? (the furniture / moved around)
9. What was going on when all the traffi c suddenly stopped? (some people /
rescue from the fi re) 10. What is going on in your garage? (my car / fi x)
13. Преобразуйте глаголы в следующих предложениях в a) Present
Continuous, b) Past Continuous и c) Future Continuous, при этом изме-
ните указатели, необходимые для той или иной временной формы.
a) 1. The machine is always tested by the operator before starting work.
2. He usually asks me diffi cult questions. 3. The Johnson family often
visit their son in the Campus at weekends. 4. The books are arranged in a
chronological order. 5. They always display new tools and instruments at the
International Exposition.
b) 1. He did his homework yesterday. 2. Yesterday Maria went for an
interview for a post of the university reporter at 5 o’clock. 3. Last Monday
she was instructed how to make a draft. 4. We rehearsed our performance for
the university contest yesterday evening. 5. Last week a welcome party for
some foreign students was arranged in one of our hall of residence.
c) 1. They will publish a new text book next year. 2. Mr. Smith will show
us around the Campus tomorrow. 3. It will rain next week. 4. Next Sunday
they will launch a new satellite. 5. Simon and I will do our project work in
the library next weekend.
14. Выберите правильный перевод выделенного глагола-сказуемого в следующих английских предложениях.
1. The bridge is being painted by the workers at the moment.
a) красят; b) покрасил.
35
2. GPS is calculating the route to your destination.
a) рассчитал; b) рассчитывает.
3. Mr. Barber was handing out the exam papers between 9 and 10.
a) раздал; b) раздавал.
4. She was whispering behind my back, wasn’t she?
a) шепталась; b) нашептывала.
5. I will be working my night shift, please, give me a wake call in the
morning.
a) работаю; b) буду работать.
6. They will be waiting for you in the classroom when the class starts.
a) подождут; b) будут ждать.
7. What were you doing when the lecture started?
a) делал; b) делаешь.
8. Who was the car being driven by when the accident occurred?
a) кем управлялся; b) кто управлял.
9. Don’t bother me right now. I am doing the crosswords.
a) решаю; b) решается.
10. Why is this classroom still being aired?
a) проветрили; b) проветривается.
READING PRACTICE
15. Прочитайте текст A и переведите его на русский язык, пользу-
ясь словарем.
TEXT A. HIGHER EDUCATION IN
THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Every citizen of the Republic of Belarus has the right to education. It is
not only a right but a duty, too. The state policy regarding the fi eld of higher
education is based on three priorities: availability, quality, and fi nancial
effi ciency, which are guaranteed by the Constitution. It is also guided by a
number of principles:
• continuity and equal access;
• importance of scientifi c knowledge and national and cultural traditions;
• integrating education with moral upbringing and physical development;
• partnership of the state and society in the management of education.
36
In Belarus, education has the goal of preparing free, creative, intellectually
and physically mature individuals. The main objective for the education
development is to improve its quality and contribute to creating a competitive
economy based on high and advanced technologies.
The Belarusian higher education modernization started in 2005. The
major trends in the Belarusian higher education reforming correspond with
the ideas proclaimed in Bologna.
The higher school of Belarus studies a situation in the fi eld of the European
education and considers it in work. Now, the country’s higher education
corresponds with formal criteria of Bologna process but it is guided by
national interests. The changes in the higher education system emphasize
the use of innovative principles and approaches to teaching and learning;
upgrading and improving the technical base; a proper balance between free
education and the one provided on a fee-paying basis.
A two-stage system of higher education has been introduced in the
Republic of Belarus since 2007. The Belarusian universities are classifi ed
as higher educational establishments and provide a two-stage system (with
academic degrees of Bachelor and Master). The fi rst stage of higher education
ensures the training of a specialist in accordance with a traditional and time-
proof scheme. As a rule, the training course takes 4 years to get a degree in
either economics or engineering.
The duration of the second stage of higher education (Master’s
Department) lasts 1 or 2 years.
Altogether, there are fi fty-fi ve higher educational establishments. Every
establishment occupies its particular niche in the training of highly qualifi ed
staff for various branches of our national economy. Three forms of learning
are available at Belarusian higher educational establishments: full-time,
evening and extramural education. Full-time learning is the most widespread
and in the greatest demand. Others use the evening form of learning or get
extramural education by juggling their work with their studies.
The effi ciency of any form of learning is ensured by highly qualifi ed
teaching staff including a large number of Masters of Arts, Masters of
Engineering Sciences and Doctors of Science, associate professors and
professors.
These days Belarusian universities are also gaining their popularity
among foreign students. Fifty-one institutions provide paid education
services to foreign citizens. The classes and lectures are given in Russian,
Belarusian and even in English. Its cost is set by the education institutions
themselves with respect to each profession in accordance with international
practice in the chosen fi eld. About 130 foreign citizens do postgraduate
studies at Belarusian research institutions and institutions of higher learning
every year.
37
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1) the right to education – право на образование;
2) the state policy – государственная политика;
3) a two-stage system – двухуровневая система;
4) in accordance (with) – в соответствии (с чем-л.);
5) time-proof scheme – здесь: программа, проверенная временем;
6) Master of Arts – магистр гуманитарных наук;
7) Doctor of Science – доктор наук;
8) associate professor – доцент;
9) with respect to – по, относительно, что касается;
10) postgraduate studies – аспирантура.
16. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. Do all people living in the Republic of Belarus have the right to
education?
2. What is the main goal of higher education in Belarus?
3. When did the Belarusian higher education modernization start?
4. What exactly does the Government try to consider in work?
5. How do you understand a two-stage system of higher education?
6. How long does it take to get a degree at the fi rst stage of higher
education?
7. How long does it usually take to get a Master’s degree?
8. How many forms of learning are available at Belarusian higher
educational establishments?
9. Which are they?
10. Are the Belarusian universities becoming popular with foreign
students these days?
17. Прочитайте текст B и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание.
TEXT B. OUR MILESTONES
Education and science have a very old tradition in Belarus. In the past
Belarus was a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the sixteenth
century the Main School of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was founded and
in the beginning about 500 students were admitted. It was renamed Vilnius
University in 1579. The University was a leader in many aspects of education.
The fi rst works of Francis Skoryna were published by the Vilnius University
Printing House.
38
Unfortunately, there were no institutions of higher learning on the
territory of Belarus until the October Revolution. In 1918, it was Vitebsk
Pedagogical Institution and Mogilev Pedagogical Institution that were
founded fi rst. Shortly after that, in 1921, the Belarusian State University
was opened to eliminate illiteracy and form the national system of higher
education and science. Rapid development of the University played a
signifi cant role in the creation of the educational system of the Republic.
The University’s educational and research capacity gave birth to a number
of independent higher educational establishments, such as Minsk Medicine
Institute, Minsk Law Institute, Minsk Pedagogical Institute, the Belarusian
Institute of National Economy, Minsk Chemical and Technological Institute,
which later became a part of the Polytechnic Institute.
The Belarusian State University contributed a lot to the foundation and
development of the Academy of Sciences, the Republic’s State Library
and a number of large research institutions.
In a two decades’ time the Belarusian State University trained its
specialists in History, Law, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. The
activities of Yakub Kolas and outstanding Commander-in-Chief, Marshal
of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov were associated with the name of the
University of that period. It was the time when P.U. Brovka, K.K. Krapiva
studied and worked at the University. These outstanding people made a
valuable contribution to the development of both national and world
science and culture.
The June of 1941 became the month of the most terrifying ordeal in the
history of the University. The war did great damage to the University. The
University campus was almost completely destroyed. University archives,
library funds, laboratories and study rooms were plundered. As a result, the
pre-war education and material base of the University had been restored
only by the end of 1950. A new period in the history of the Belarusian State
University began, the period of its rapid development, creative teaching and
scientifi c research. The teaching staff of 17 lecturers and tutors (among
them 14 professors and 60 associate professors) delivered lectures to more
than 1700 students through thirty-fi ve departments of seven faculties.
The period from the 1950s to the 1980s was characterized by an
expansion in the scope of the University activities. Its material base and
teaching facilities were improved by the Government’s decisions. The
contents, forms and methods of academic process and scientifi c research
changed radically. New buildings of faculties were erected and new
faculties were opened.
Since the 1990s, the Belarusian State University has been regarded as
one of the oldest and largest scientifi c and educational centers.
39
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1) the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – Великое Княжество Литовское;
2) to eliminate illiteracy – ликвидировать безграмотность;
3) a capacity – способность, возможность;
4) the Academy of Sciences – Академия Наук;
5) the Soviet Union – Советской Союз;
6) an ordeal – суровое испытание;
7) to plunder – разорять, расхищать;
8) to restore – реконструировать;
9) a tutor – куратор, наставник;
10) to regard – рассматривать в качестве.
18. Расположите предложения в хронологическом порядке в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. The Belarusian State University trained its specialists in History, Law,
Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, etc.
2. University archives, library funds, laboratories and study rooms were
plundered.
3. The Belarusian State University has been regarded as one of the oldest
and largest scientifi c and educational centers.
4. The contents, forms and methods of academic process and scientifi c
research changed radically.
5. In 1921, the Belarusian State University was opened to eliminate
illiteracy.
19. Разделите текст B на части в соответствии с данными ниже заголовками.
A. The Rebirth of The University
B. Early Years of Education in Belarus
C. The Beginning of The University
20. Подготовьте доклад о роли БГУ в развитии высшего образования Республики Беларусь, используя приведенные ключевые вводные слова.
1. First ... .
2. Then ... / Secondly ... .
3. After that ... / Thirdly... .
4. Later... .
5. In the end ... / Finally ... .
40
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]