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Файл:Let’s Learn English with Pleasure. English Grammar in Use. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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Much, many, little, few
§ 1. Little и few в качестве местоимений прилагательных употребляются со значением мало. Little, подобно much, употребляется перед неисчисляемыми существительными, а местоимение few, подобно many, —
перед исчисляемыми существительными:
I have very little time. — У меня очень мало времени.
He has few friends. — У него мало друзей.
§ 2. В утвердительных предложениях little и few часто заменяются not
much и not many в тех случаях, когда они не определяются одним из слов
very, rather, too, so, as, how:
I have not got much time (вместо: I have little time). — У меня мало
времени.
There are not many French books in our library (вместо: There are few
French books in our library). — В нашей библиотеке мало французских книг.
§ 3. Little в качестве местоимения-существительного употребляется
со значением мало, немногое, а местоимение few — со значением немногие:
Little has been said about it. — Об этом сказано мало.
Many people were invited but few came. — Много народу было пригла-
шено, но немногие пришли.
§ 4. Little и few могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем —
a little немного и a few немного, несколько:
Please give me a little water. — Дайте мне, пожалуйста, немного воды.
I have a few books on this subject. — У меня есть несколько (немного)
книг по этому вопросу.
A little немного и a few немного, несколько употребляются в смысле
некоторое хотя инебольшое количество, в то время как little и few мало
употребляются в смысле недостаточно, почти нет:
I have got little time. — У меня мало (недостаточно) времени.
I have got a little time. — У меня есть немного времени.
He has few friends. — У меня есть мало (почти нет) друзей.
He has a few friends. — У него есть несколько друзей.
§ 5. Little и few могут употребляться с определенным артиклем — the
little со значением то небольшое количество, а the few со значением те
несколько, те немногие:
Nearly the whole cargo of wheat has been unloaded today. The little that
remains will be unloaded tomorrow morning. — Почти весь груз пшеницы
был разгружен сегодня. То небольшое количество, которое остается, будет
выгружено завтра утром.
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МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (THE PRONOUN)
He has read the few English books he has. — Он прочел те несколько
английских книг, которые у него имеются.
Gold is one of the few metals which are found in a virgin state. — Золото —
один из тех немногих металлов, которые встречаются в самородном виде.
Упражнение 96. Переведите на английский язык следующие сло-
восочетания.
Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет,
много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат,
много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.
Упражнение 97. Вставьте much или many.
1. Please don’t put … pepper on the meat. 2. There were … plates on the
table. 3. I never eat … bread with soup. 4. Why did you eat so … ice-cream?
5. She wrote us … letters from the country. 6. … of these students don’t like
to look up words in the dictionary. 7. … in this work was too difficult for me.
8. … of their answers were excellent. 9. … of their conversation was about the
institute. 10. There are … new pictures in this room. 11. There are … teachers
at our school, and … of them are women. 12. … of these plays are quite new.
13. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. — Don’t mention it, it
wasn’t … bother. 14. … of her advice was useful. 15. He had … pairs of socks.
Упражнение 98. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.
Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало
бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супу, мало деревьев,
мало травы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало
дворцов.
Упражнение 99. Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных.
1. (How much / How many) pages are there on your website? 2. (Is / Are)
there (many / much) banks with a head office in Geneva? 3. (Is / Are) there
(many / much) traffic in Geneva? 4. How (much / how many) information have
we got about this company? 5. I’m afraid we haven’t got (much / many) time.
6. We have (some / any) blue ones in stock, but we don’t have (some / any) red
ones. 7. You can choose (some / any) colour you want. 8. There is too (little /
few) information to make a decision. 9. The news is on in (a few / a little)
minutes. 10. (A few / A little) employees have 25 days’ paid holiday.
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Much, many, little, few
Упражнение 100. Вставьте little или few.
1. I have … time, so I can’t go with you. 2. He has … English books. 3. There
is … ink in my pen. Have you got any ink? 4. There are … bears in the zoo.
5. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very … clothes. 6. There is
too … soup in my plate. Give me some more, please. 7. The children returned
from the wood very sad because they had found very mushrooms. 8. There was
too … light in the room, and’ could not read. There are very … people who don’t
know that the earth is round.
Упражнение 101. Вставьте much, many, little или few.
1. My brother is a young teacher. Every day he spends … time preparing for
his lessons. 2. I know very … about this writer. It is the first book I am reading.
3. The pupils of our class ask … questions at the lesson. They want to know
everything. 4. You do not make … mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at
it? — Oh, yes, I do, I work very … . 5. Does your sister read … ? — Yes, she does.
And your brother? — Oh, he doesn’t. He has so … books, but he reads very … .
6. Have you … work to do today? — No, not very … . 7. Walk quicker, please. We
have very … time. 8. I am sorry to say, I have read very … books by Walter Scott.
Упражнение 102. Вставьте much или many.
1. I don’t eat … mangoes. 2. Не does not eat … fish. 3. She ate so … dessert
that she is in bed today with a stomachache. 4. That man drank so … wine, and
he smoked so … cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Маrу must
not eat too … food because she has a weight problem. 6. My mother says I eat
too … French fries and drink too … beer. She wants me to be healthy. 7. There
is not too … space in my flat. 8. There are not … pictures in this room. 9. There
are so … teachers at our school, but not … of them are men. 10. Not … of
these books are new. 11. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. —
Don’t mention it, it wasn’t … bother. 12. … of her advice was not useful at
all. 13. He has got so … pairs of socks. 14. Please don’t put … pepper on the
meat. 15. There were too … plates on the table. 16. I never eat … bread with
soup. 17. Why did you eat so … ice cream? 18. She wrote us not very … letters
from the country. 19. … of these students don’t like to look up words in the
dictionary. 20. Do you drink … coffee? — Yes, a lot. Do you watch TV … ? —
No, not … . 21. Not … of the answers were correct. 22. How … money did you
spend last Friday 23. The students enjoyed the concert very … .
Упражнение 103. Вставьте little или few.
1. He has got … friends. 2. I drink … coffee. I don’t like it. 3. We must
hurry. We’ve got very … time. 4. This university offers very … scholar ships.
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МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (THE PRONOUN)
5. The Smiths have … money. They aren’t rich. 6. The theatre was almost empty.
There were very … people there. 7. There was … lemonade in the bottle. There
were … peaches in the basket. 8. I have … time, so I can’t go with you. 9. He
has … English books. 10. There is … juice in my glass. Have you got any juice?
11. There are … bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents
and had very … clothes. 13. There is too … soup in my soup plate. Give me
some more, please. 14. The children returned from the wood very sad because
they had found very … mushrooms. 15. There was too … light in the room, and
I could not read. 16. There are very … people who don’t know that the Earth is
round. 17. I made very … progress on this assignment. 18. There is very … hope
of getting financial support for the research project. 19. Fortunately, very …
passengers were injured in a traffic accident.
Упражнение 104. Вставьте much, many, little или few.
1. Robert wrote so … letters that he’s never going to write a letter again.
2. She ate so … ice cream that she’s going to have a sore throat. 3. His father
didn’t earn … money, but he enjoyed his job. He loved teaching English very … .
4. There are … cookies in the box. I should have bought them last Monday.
5. Does your sister read … ? — Yes, she does. And your brother? — Oh, he
doesn’t. He has so … books, but he reads very … . 6. Do you have … work to dо
today? — No, not very … . 7. Walk quicker, please. We have very … time. 8. I am
sorry to say, I have read very … books by Walter Scott. 9. My brother is a young
teacher. Every day he spends too … time preparing for his lessons. 10. I know
very … about this writer. It is the first book I am reading. 11. The pupils of our
class ask so … questions at the lesson. They want t know everything. 12. You do
not make … mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard on it? — Oh, yes, I do.
I work very … . 13. He is lazy. He’s done very … today. 14. Very … people can
afford to own a plane. 15. There is … traffic on the roads this morning. I’m so glad.
Упражнение 105. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько
песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков,
немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов,
несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько
дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон,
несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
Упражнение 106. Вставьте a little или a few.
1. There is … milk in the bottle. 2. There are … pears in the fruit bowl.
3. There is … fruit salad in the salad bowl. 4. There are … tomatoes on the
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Much, many, little, few
kitchen table. Make a salad! Add … drops of olive oil and … salt to the salad.
5. Put … cups of flour into a mixing bowl. 6. Slice … apples. 7. Add … sugar.
8. Cut up … oranges. 9. Chop up … nuts. 10. Pour in … honey. 11. Mix in …
raisins. 12. Add … baking soda. 13. Add … eggs, … vanilla and … almonds
and beat thoroughly. 14. Bake until brown and the fruitcake will be ready in …
minutes. Enjoy, dear! 15. This young man knows … Russian. 16. Can’t you stay …
longer and help me with my exam? 17. He’s already been to the USA … times.
18. Do you mind if I ask you … questions? — Yes, please. I’ve got … time now
and I can talk to you. 19. John has got only … close friends and they meet quite
often. 20. They had … money left, so they could go shopping. 21. I always come
on time or early, but she is always … late.
Упражнение 107. Вставьте little, a little, few или a few.
1. There is … salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like … salad? — Yes,
thank you. My doctor says it’s good for my health. 3. I have … money, so we can
go to the cinema. 4. I have … money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl
works very … , that’s why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us … apples, and
we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very … friends there.
8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put … sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This
lemon drink is sour; if you put … lumps of sugar, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall
was almost empty: there were very … people in it. 11. I can’t buy this expensive
hat today: I have too … money. 12. She left and returned in … minutes.
13. I think you can spare me … time now. 14. I am sorry I have seen … plays
by this author.
Упражнение 108. Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little или a few.
1. When we walked … farther down the road, we met another group of
students. 2. Have you got … money on you? — I’m sorry. I have very … money
at the moment. 3. At the conference we met … people whom we knew well.
4. There are very … old houses left in our street. Most of them have already
been pulled down. 5. If you have … spare time, look through this book. You will
find … stories there which are rather interesting. 6. There are … things here
which I cannot understand. 7. Shall I bring … more chalk? — No, thank you.
There is … chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. 8. He
had … English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.
9. She gave him … water to wash his hands and face. 10. I’d like to say … words
about my journey. 11. After the play everybody felt … tired. 12. Let’s stay here …
longer: it is such a nice place. 13. Were there … new words in the text? Did
Peter spend … time learning them? 14. There was not … hay in the barn, and
the children could play there. 15. My friend is going to the concert this evening
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МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (THE PRONOUN)
because he hasn’t got … work to do. 16. My mother knows German … and she
can help you with the translation of this letter. 17. He’s got very … time left. If
he doesn’t hurry up, he’ll miss the plane. 18. I have very … drinking water left.
Упражнение 109. Вставьте в предложения much, many, little, few,
a little или a few.
1. He had … English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more
books. 2. She gave him … water to wash his hands and face. 3. I’d like to say …
words about my journey. 4. After the play everybody felt … tired. 5. Let’s stay
here … longer: it is such a nice place. 6. There were … new words in the text,
and Peter spent … time learning them. 7. There was … hay in the barn, and
the children could not play there. 8. There was … water in the river, and they
decided to cross it. 9. My mother knows German … and she can help you with
the translation of this letter. 10. When we walked … farther down the road,
wemet another group of students. 11. Have you got … ink in your pen? 12. At
the conference we met I … people whom we knew well. 13. There are very …
old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.
14. If you have … spare time, look through this book. You will find … stories
there which are rather interesting. 15. There are … things here which I cannot
understand. 16. Shall I bring … more chalk? — No, thank you. There is … chalk
on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. 17. I need … flower, …
sugar, … eggs, … butter and … milk to make a cake.
Упражнение 110. Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящие по смыс-
лу слова: many, much, few, a few, little, a little.
1. … decisions are made without … thought. 2. I like … Australian wines
but not all of them. 3. I’ve got … cash on me, but not …. 4. … employees enjoy
being appraised. 5. We haven’t made … progress recently. 6. Very … people read
philosophy for pleasure.
Упражнение 111. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. (How much / How many) pages are there on your website? 2. (Is / Are)
there (many / much) banks with a head office in Geneva? 3. (Is / Are) there
(many / much) traffic in Geneva? 4. (How much / how many) information have
we got about this company? 5. I’m afraid we haven’t got (much / many) time.
6. We have (some / any) blue ones in stock, but we don’t have (some / any) red
ones. 7. You can choose (some / any) colour you want. 8. There is too (little /
few) information to make a decision. 9. The news is on in (a few / a little)
minutes. 10. (A few / A little) employees have 25 days’ paid holiday.
-86-
Much, many, little, few
Упражнение 112. Переведите на английский язык.
1. У Миши много друзей в школе. 2. Вы знакомы со многими людьми
в вашем городе? 3. Во время вашего отпуска было много дождей? 4. У меня
сегодня много работы. 5. Она знает многих девушек, которые любят танцевать. 6. Вокруг этой новой красивой машины собралось много людей.
7. В вашей контрольной слишком много ошибок. 8. В вашем саду так
много фруктов. 9. Он очень одинок. У него мало друзей. 10. Боюсь, что
я опаздываю. У меня очень мало времени. 11. Вчера мама купила немного
яблок. 12. Не беспокойся, дома есть немного кофе. 13. Андрей мало знает
о музыке. 14. В нашем саду есть немного цветов. 15. Сегодня на выставке
мало народа. 16. Гарри сделал мало ошибок в диктанте. 17. У родителей
мало денег. 18. На тарелке мало хлеба. 19. В кружке немного воды, вылей
ее. 20. На улице сегодня мало людей.
Упражнение 113. Заполните пропуски местоимениями many, much,
few, little, a few, a little, a lot of.
1. We have … friends in our club. 2. I can’t buy this toy for you, I have …
money. 3. She gets … letters every day. 4. Tom drinks … milk — one bottle a
day. 5. Sister put … salt in the soup. Perhaps too … . 6. … children don’t like
milk. 7. We don’t have any money, but Dick has … . 8. My brother doesn’t speak
much English, only … words. 9. The hall was almost empty. There were very …
people there. 10. Let’s go and have a drink. We have got … time before the plane
leaves. 11. I like my life here. I have … friends and we meet quite often. 12. She
doesn’t want to drink this tea. There is too … sugar in it. 13. This man is not
popular. He has … friends. 14. Nora’s father died … years ago. 15. Would you
like some more coffee? — Yes, please, but only … .
-87-
ПРЕДЛОГИ
PREPOSITIONS
Предлоги — служебные слова, которые показывают отношение
существительного или местоимения к другим словам в предложении.
§ 1. Предлоги места — отвечают на вопрос где?
in — в
on — на
under — под
near, at — около, рядом
above — над
in the middle of — посе-
редине
behind — за (позади)
in front of — перед
on the right — справа
on the left — слева
between — между
(двумя)
among — между, среди
The flowers are in the vase. — Цветы в вазе.
The book is on the table. — Книга на столе.
The cat is under the table. — Кошка под столом.
There are many flowers near the house. — Около
дома много цветов.
The pupil is at the blackboard. — Ученик у доски.
The shelf is above the table. — Полка над столом.
There is a carpet in the middle of the room. —
Посередине комнаты лежит ковер.
There is a big garden behind the house. —
За домом находится большой сад.
There is a big bed of flowers in front of the
house. — Перед домом находится большая
клумба.
The school is on the right. — Школа находится
справа.
The theatre is on the left. — Театр находится
слева.
The lake is between two mountains. — Озеро находится между двумя горами.
There are a lot of interesting people among my
friends. — Среди моих друзей много интересных
людей.
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Much, many, little, few
Запомните следующие выражения:
at the hotel — в гостинице;
at school — в школе;
at work — на работе;
at the cinema — в кино;
at the seaside — на побережье;
at the table — за столом;
at the lesson — на уроке;
in class — на уроке;
in the street — на улице;
in the tree — на дереве;
in the station — на станции;
in the sky — на небе (в небе);
in the picture — на картине;
on the picture — на картине (на поверхности).
§ 2. Предлоги направления движения — отвечают на вопрос куда?
to — в, к
into — в (вовнутрь)
out of — из (изнутри)
through — через, сквозь
over — через, над
up — вверх
down — вниз
from — у, от, из
Go to the blackboard, please. — Идите, пожалуйста, к доске.
Put your book into the bag. — Положите свою
книгу в сумку.
Take the pen out of the pencil-box. — Достаньте
ручку из пенала.
The tiger jumped through the burning ring. — Тигр
прыгнул через горящее кольцо.
He climbed over the fence. — Он перелез через
забор.
He climbed up the tree. — Он взобрался на дерево.
Put down the book. — Положите книгу.
Take the cup from that boy. — Возьмите чашку
у того мальчика.
§ 3. Предлоги времени — отвечают на вопрос когда?
on Monday
on the 1
in summer
in September
st
of May
в понедельник
1-го мая
летом
в сентябре
-89-
ПРЕДЛОГИ (PREPOSITIONS)
in 2014
in five minutes
at 5 o’clock
в 2014 году
через пять минут
в пять часов
§ 4. Запомните следующие выражения:
to be rich in — быть чем-то богатым;
to be famous for — быть чем-то знаменитым;
to be angry with — сердиться на кого-то;
to be late for — опаздывать куда-то;
to be in time for — приходить куда-то вовремя;
to be sure of — быть уверенным в;
to work at — работать над;
to shout at — кричать на;
to describe smth. to smb. — описать кому-то что-то;
to be cross with smb. for smth. — сердиться на кого-то за что-то;
to be pleased with smb. — быть кем-то довольным;
to prefer smth. to smth. — предпочитать что-то чему-то;
to be ready for — быть готовым к;
to laugh at — смеяться над;
in a few minutes — через несколько минут;
to graduate from — окончить высшее учебное заведение;
to speak on the phone — говорить по телефону;
to be late for — опоздать куда-то;
the reasons for doing smth. — причина, чтобы сделать что-то;
to invite smb. to — пригласить кого-то куда-то;
to be at peace with — быть в мире с;
to be at war — быть в состоянии войны;
to be afraid of — бояться чего-то;
to put smth. in the right place — положить что-то в нужное место;
to be typical of — типичный для;
to speak to smb. — разговаривать с кем-то;
to wait for — ждать кого-то / чего-то;
to agree with smb. / to smth. — соглашаться с кем-то / с чем-то;
to explain smth. to smb. — объяснять что-то кому-то;
to smile at — улыбнуться кому-то;
to go on with smth. — продолжить делать что-то;
to ask smb. for smth. — попросить у кого-то что-то;
to be good (clever) at — преуспевать в чем-то;
to hear smth. on the radio — услышать что-то по радио;
to be surprised at — быть удивленным чем-то;
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