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Файл:Let’s Learn English with Pleasure. English Grammar in Use. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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Глагол to be (быть)
a photographer? No, she … not a photographer, she … a student. 7. … your
brothers at school? — Yes, they … . 8. … this her watch? — Yes, it … . 9. Max …
an office-worker. 10. We … late, sorry!
Упражнение 153. Вставьте глагол to be в форме Present Simple.
1. She … a student. She … a good student. 2. Where … you from? — I …
from Moscow. 3. My mother … not a teacher. 4. … your brother at school? —
Yes, he … 5. My friend … an engineer. He … at work. 6. Nick … not a college
student. He … a school boy. He … at school now. 7. Helen … a painter. She has
some fine pictures. They … on the wall. 8. … this your book? — This book …
not mine. My book … in my bag. 9. These … his newspapers. 10. My uncle …
an office worker. 11. … your parents at home? — No, they … not. 12. Michael
has a brother. His brother … 13. He … a worker. He … at home.
Упражнение 154. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. Who … you? What … your name? Where … you from? How old … you?
2. I … Maria. I … a Muscovite. I … twenty. I … a student. 3. — Where … your
parents? — They … at work now. My father … a doctor, and my mother … a
nurse. 4. This … my friend, Nikita. He … an actor. All his friends … actors too.
5. — I … happy. My life … great. … you happy? … everything all right? — Yes,
thank you, I … fine. There … no problems. 6. There … two birds in the cage.
7. There … a big bright star in the sky. 8. He … a photographer. 9. … they
your classmates? 10. There … many channels on our television. 11. There …
two computers in the office, but there … only one printer. 12. — It … Olga’s
file. — Yes, that … right. 13. Denis … my workmate. 14. I … sorry, very sorry.
15. — … you from this office? — Yes, I … . 16. The facts … clear. 17. — You …
always on my mind! — Oh, … I? 18. This telephone number … out of service.
Call back later.
Упражнение 155. Заполните пропуски правильной формой глагола
to be.
1. My name … Tanya. My family name … Serova. It … the fifth of May. I …
eighteen today. It … a special day for me. My parents and my friends … all in
our house. They … eager to congratulate me. We … very happy. 2. Moscow … a
modern city. There … many sights in it. I … a Muscovite and I … in love with my
city. 3. It … a good dictionary. Good dictionaries … expensive, but as I … a great
book lover, my wish … to buy it. 4. Mr. Hunt … out, but his wife and children …
in. And I … their babysitter. 5. My house … comfortable. The rooms … big and
bright. I … happy to live in it. 6. I … sure that it … a great show. Many fine
actors and actresses … in it. 7. It … winter. It … cold and snowy. The days …
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
short, and the nights … long. There … practically no sun. I … always miserable
in this season. 8. — I … glad that you … at home. Supper … ready, I hope it …
tasty. — I … sure that it … , you … a wonderful cook. And we … very hungry
and thirsty.
Упражнение 156. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. … I late? — No, you … just in time, but the boss … not here yet. 2. …
you cold? — Yes, it … frosty today. 3. … I right? — I … afraid that you … not.
4. He … a cool guy. He … a computer genius. 5. My friends … good fellows.
6. Everybody … here. It … time to start the class. 7. Whose books … these? 8. …
I or … you the manager here? 9. … you a chocaholic? — No, I … not. 10. … he
your brother? — Yes, that … true. 11. … your life interesting? How … things?
How … business? 12. … anybody at home? — No, they … out. 13. What …
the matter? What … wrong? 14. Who … those people? … they your friends?
15. … it warm or … it cold today? — It … hot outside. 16. Where … my watch?
17. Where … my jeans? 18. Who … these people? 19. What … the score? 20. —
How … your children? — Thank you, they … very well.
Упражнение 157. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. Apples … useful. 2. My brother … a pessimist, and I … an optimist.
3. She … a girl of my dreams. 4. The boss … out at the moment. 5. It … an
important meeting. 6. These … very good schools. 7. I … rather shy, but
my friends … very brave. 8. It … a fine day today. 9. They … our relatives.
10. She … a young woman. 11. These … fast trains. 12. It … an interesting fact.
13. They … famous detectives. 14. Your English … not bad. 15. It … a modern
building. 16. He … not well today. 17. They … not at home now. 18. It … a
clever step. 19. We … from London. 20. … I right? — Yes, you … right as usual.
Упражнение 158. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
1. I … a pupil. 2. My father … not a teacher, he … a scientist. 3. … your
aunt a doctor? — Yes, she … . 4. … they at home? — No, they … not at
borne, they … at work. 5. My brother … a worker. He … at work. 6. … you
an engineer? — Yes, I … . 7. … your sister a photographer? No, she … not a
photographer, she … a student. 8. … your brother at school? — Yes, he … . 9. …
your sister at school? — No, she … not at school. 10. My … sister … at home.
11. … this your watch? Yes, it … . 12. She … an actress. 13. This … my bag.
14. My uncle … an office-worker. 15. He … at work. 16. Helen … a painter. She
has some fine pictures. They … on the walls. She has much paper. It … on the
shelf. The shelf … brown. It … on the wall. Helen has a brother. He … a student.
He has a family. His family … not in St. Petersburg, it … in New York.
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Глагол to be (быть)
Упражнение 159. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла-
гол to be в Present Simple.
1. Я ученик. Я в школе. 2. Мой брат художник. Он не инженер.
3. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. 4. Он студент. 5. Вы студент? — Нет,
я врач. 6. Моя сестра дома. 7. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. 8. Мой брат ученик. Он в школе. 9. Ваша мама дома? — Нет, она на работе. 10. Ваш
двоюродный брат дома? — Нет, он в школе. Он ученик. 11. Ваша сестра
учительница? — Нет, она студентка. 12. Твой папа на работе? — Нет, он
дома. 13. Твоя сестра дизайнер? — Да. — Она дома? — Нет, она на работе.
14. Мой дедушка ученый. 15. Моя мама не учительница. Она врач.
Упражнение 160. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла-
гол to be в Present Simple
1. Чья это ручка? — Это моя ручка. 2. Чья это книга? — Это ваша
книга. 3. Чей это стол? — Это стол моего брата 4. Чья это сумка? — Это
сумка моей мамы. 5. Чей это карандаш? — Это карандаш моей сестры.
6. Это твоя тетрадь? — Да. 7. Это тетрадь твоего брата? — Нет, это моя
тетрадь. 8. Где ваш стол? — Он посередине комнаты. 9. Где твоя ручка? —
Она в моем кармане. 10. Где твоя тетрадь? — Она на столе. 11. Где твоя
мама? — Она на работе. 12. Где твой брат? — Он в школе. 13. Где твоя
сестра? — Она дома. 14. Чей это карандаш? — Это мой карандаш. — А где
мой карандаш? — Он на столе. 15. Чьи это часы? — Это мои часы. — А где
мои часы? — Они на столе.
Упражнение 161. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.
1. That is a king. 2. This is a car. 3. This is a cat. 4. That is a mountain. 5. That
is a ball. 6. That is a flower. 7. Those are kings. 8. Those are cars. 9. Those are
cats. 10. Those are mountains. 11. Those are balls. 12. Those are flowers. 13. It
is a mouse. 14. It is a dog. 15. It is an umbrella. 16. They are children. 17. They
are men. 18. This flat is clean. 19. These are my students. 20. I am a doctor.
Упражнение 162. Сделайте предложения вопросительными.
1. That is a dog. 2. They are in the classroom. 3. That is a door. 4. The
window is open. 5. The door is closed. 6. The man is in the car. 7. The children
are in the garden. 8. The mouse is under the table. 9. The plate is on the table.
10. I am at the lesson. 11. The pencil is on the table. 12. The student is at the
blackboard. 13. The sun is in the sky. 14. They are interesting books. 15. My
parents are in the South. 16. That is a teacher. 17. These are my friends. 18. The
doll is on the bed. 19. The toys are in the box. 20. He is in London now.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 163. Употребите вопросительную и отрицательную
формы следующих предложений.
1. I am a teacher. 2. My brother is an artist. 3. She is a programmer.
4. He is a reporter. 5. We are managers. 6. I am eager to see the world. 7. Life
is hectic. 8. The shops are closed today. 9. Kate is at home now. 10. I am a
bus driver. 11. My keys are lost. 12. Our students are very good. 13. My job is
well-paid. 14. The traffic is heavy today. 15. They are Japanese. 16. Boris is in
Spain. 17. English is difficult. 18. Chinese is easy. 19. Computers are very useful.
20. Robert is a friendly boy. 21. My friends are always helpful.
Упражнение 164. Вставьте глагол to be в требуемой форме Past
Simple.
1. I … a student. 2. My father … not a shop-assistant, he … a scientist.
3. … your aunt a nurse? — Yes, she … . 4. … they at home? — No, they …
not. They … at school. 5. … you an engineer? — Yes, I … . 6. … your friend
a photographer? No, she … not a photographer, she … a student. 7. … your
brothers at school? — Yes, they … . 8. … this her watch? — Yes, it … . 9. Max …
an office-worker. 10. We … late, sorry!
Упражнение 165. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Она была занята. (to be busy) 2. Я не был занят. 3. Вы были заняты?
4. Они были дома? (to be at home) 5. Его не было дома. 6. Я не знал. 7. Они
знали? 8. Она не знала. 9. Кто знал? 10. Никто не знал. 11. Он читал английские книги? (to read English books) 12. Они никогда не читали. (never / to
read) 13. У нее была квартира? (to have a flat) 14. У него ничего не было.
15. Кто это был?
Упражнение 166. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. A: I have a Physics exam tomorrow.
B: Oh dear. Physics (is / are) a very difficult subject.
2. A: My office is three miles from my house.
B: Three miles (is / are) a long way to walk to work.
3. A: My little brother has got measles.
B: Oh dear. Measles (is / are) quite a serious illness.
4. A: Jane looked nice today, didn’t she?
B: Yes. Her clothes (were / was) very smart.
5. A: I’ve got two pounds. I’m going to buy a CD.
B: Two pounds (is / are) not enough to buy a CD.
6. A: The classroom was empty when I walked past.
B: Yes. The class (was / were) all on a school outing.
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Оборот there is / there are
7. A: Have you just cleaned the stairs?
B: Yes, so be careful. The stairs (is / are) very slippery.
8. A: Did you ask John to fix your car?
B: Yes. His advice (was / were) that I take it to a garage.
9. A: Did you enjoy your holiday?
B: Yes, thank you. The weather (was / were) wonderful.
10. A: These trousers (is / are) very old.
B: You should buy a new pair.
11. A: How (is / are) the company doing lately?
B: Great. We opened up two more branches.
12. A: I am going to travel for two years when I finish school.
B: Two years (is / are) a long time to be away from home.
ОБОРОТ THERE IS/ THERE ARE
§ 1. Этот оборот означает «есть, имеется, находится». Часто он вообще
не переводится на русский язык.
There are books on the table. — На столе книги.
§ 2. Русские предложения такого типа обычно начинаются с обстоя-
тельства места и времени. Это и может служить сигналом при переводе
на употребление оборота there is / there are.
И, наоборот, если в английском предложении есть этот оборот, то рус-
ский перевод следует начинать с обстоятельства.
§ 3. Форма глагола в обороте there is / there are определяется по ближайшему к нему существительному.
There is a cat and two kittens in the box. — В коробке кошка и два
котенка.
There are two kittens and a cat in the box. — В коробке два котенка
и кошка.
§ 4. Если в обороте there is / there are употребляются исчисляемые существительные в единственном числе, перед ними всегда употребляется артикль
a / an. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными, а также исчисляемыми
существительными во множественном числе, артикль не употребляется.
There is a big dog in front of the house. — Перед домом большая собака.
There are children in the room. — В комнате дети.
There is bread on the table. — На столе хлеб.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
§ 5. При образовании вопросительной формы глагол is / are для настоящего времени или was / were для прошедшего выносится перед подлежащим, роль которого формально выполняет слово there.
Is there a table in the room? — В комнате есть стол?
Are there apple-trees in your garden? — В вашем саду есть яблони?
При образовании отрицательной формы к сказуемому добавляется
отрицание not.
There are not many students in our group. — В нашей группе немного
студентов.
После оборота there is / there are часто употребляется отрицатель-
ное местоимение no, после которого существительные употребляются без
артикля.
There is no mistake in your dictation. — В твоем диктанте нет ни одной
ошибки.
Упражнение 167. Вставьте правильную форму глагола to be (is, are)
и затем напишите перевод получившегося предложения.
1. There … some new commercial banks in our city. 2. There … state
chartered banks that offer many services. 3. There … some non-deposit
financial institutions in the USA. 4. There … an insurance company and some
pension funds on the list below. 5. There … a growing number of small finance
companies in the USA today. 6. There … a large table in my room. 7. There …
three windows in my classroom. 8. There … a table and four chairs in my sister’s
room. 9. There … a blackboard, four tables and five chairs in our classroom.
10. There … a text-book and two exercise-books on my table. 11. There … a
school here in 1920. 12. There … very many children in the park yesterday.
13. There … a large table in my room. 14. There … three windows in my
classroom. 15. There … a table and four chairs in my living-room. 16. There …
a blackboard, four desks and five chairs in our class-room. 17. There … a textbook and two exercise-books on the table. 18. There … two shops and a cinema
in my street.
Упражнение 168. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрица-
тельную и вопросительную формы.
1. There’s a blackboard in our classroom. 2. There are some English books
on the table. 3. There were very many mistakes in your dictation. 4. There’s a
new grammar rule in Lesson Four. 5. There was a telegram on the table. 6. There
was too little ink in my pen to write two letters.
Упражнение 169. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.
Example: There is coffee in the cup. — What is there in the cup?
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Оборот there is / there are
1. There is a map on the wall. 2. There is a map of America on the wall.
3. There are three rooms in this flat. 4. There are children in the park. 5. There
is some furniture in the sitting room. 6. There are pens in the bag. 7. There are
some English books on the shelf. 8. There are ten clean plates in the cupboard.
9. There are ten clean plates in the cupboard. 10. There are ten clean plates in
the cupboard. 11. There are many children in the park because it is Sunday.
12. There are many apples in the garden in autumn.
Упражнение 170. Прочитайте тексты и запишите к ним вопросы,
используя обороты there is / there are.
Example: Is there a pool near the house?
Are there two doors and her car?
Donna Walton
Donna’s an English teacher. She’s not rich and she’s not famous. Her house
is small and there’s no pool. There are three bedrooms in the house. Donna’s car
is old. It’s slow and uncomfortable. There’s no radio or cassette player in her car.
There’s an engine, a steering wheel, and there are four wheels and two doors.
Donna isn’t happy. She’d like a big house, a new car and a lot of money.
Zack Zebedee
Here is a rock star. He’s very rich and famous. His house is large and there’s
a swimming pool in the backyard. There are ten bedrooms in the house. Zack’s
car is new. It’s fast and comfortable. In his car there is a climate control system,
a CD player, a VCR, a phone and fax machine. But Zack is not happy. He’d like
a small house, a small car and a family with two kids.
Упражнение 171. Вы приехали в родной город спустя несколько лет
и увидели, что много изменилось. Составьте предложения по образцу,
используя подстановочные слова.
Example: There was a big tree in the yard, but I don’t see it.
There were two small sport grounds nearby, but I don’t see them.
Подстановочные слова:
1) a little garden / nearby;
2) a big fence / round the garden;
3) two little shops / in my street;
4) an old school / in my district;
5) a lot of small and old houses / nearby;
6) a little market / in my district.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
ГЛАГОЛ TO HAVE ИОБОРОТ TO HAVE GOT
§ 1. В разговорной речи для выражения значения иметь, обладать
в настоящем времени употребляется оборот to have (has) got, который
переводится на русский язык у… есть.
He has got a new car. — У него есть новая машина.
В вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях с этим оборотом
глагол have (has) выполняет функции вспомогательного.
They have got two children.
Have they got two children?
They haven’t got two children.
§ 2. Глагол to have выражает значение иметь, обладать, владеть.
We always have a lot of homework for weekends. — У нас всегда много
домашнего задания на выходные.
Если речь идет о постоянном наличии какого-либо предмета, явления
или состояния, то вопросительные и отрицательные предложения с глаголом to have образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do.
Do you have enough time to do your homework? (У тебя хватает времени, чтобы делать уроки?) — Oh, yes, I usually have a lot of time to do it.
(О, да, у меня обычно достаточно времени, чтобы сделать их).
Однако, если речь идет о единичном, конкретном случае наличия
данного предмета, явления или состояния, то вопросительная и отрицательные формы глагола to have образуются без вспомогательного глагола.
При этом, чаще всего в таких случаях чаще всего употребляется оборот to
have (has) got.
I usually don’t have time to watch TV in the evening. — У меня обычно
нет времени смотреть телевизор по вечерам.
I haven’t got time to watch TV today. — У меня нет времени смотреть
телевизор сегодня.
Do you often have colds? — Вы часто простужаетесь?
Have you got a cold? — Вы простужены (сейчас)?
§ 3. Глагол to have в сочетании с некоторыми существительными
(dinner, supper, smoke, talk, classes и другими) утрачивает свое первоначальное значение иметь и приобретает значение обедать (to have dinner),
ужинать (to have supper), разговаривать (to have a talk), курить (to have a
smoke), заниматься (to have classes), обозначая тем самым процесс.
В этом случае вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются
с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do.
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Глагол to have и оборот to have got
They have dinner at home. — Они обедают дома.
Do they have dinner at home? — Они обедают дома?
They don’t have dinner at home. — Они не обедают дома.
Указанные сочетания могут быть употреблены во временах группы
Continuous.
She is having her English classes now. — Она сейчас занимается англий-
ским языком.
Упражнение 172. A. Вставьте глагол to have.
1. She … long hair. 2. We … short hair. 3. You … big eyes. 4. My dog … big
ears. 5. They … black hair.
B. Вставьте глагол to have в отрицательной форме.
1. She … long hair. 2. We … short hair. 3. You … big eyes. 4. My dog … big
ears. 5. They … black hair.
C. Вставьте глагол to have в вопросительной форме.
1. … Mark … a CD? 2. … he … a watch? 3. … Nina … a computer? 4. …
Linda … a book? 5. … Peter and Lisa … videos? 6. … they … bicycles?
Упражнение 173. Переведите предложения, используя глагол to have.
1. У нее есть дом. 2. У нас есть квартира. 3. У нее есть парень. 4. У него
есть девушка. 5. У меня есть время. 6. У них есть две квартиры. 7. У тебя
есть брат.
Упражнение 174. Вставьте глагол to have или have got.
A. 1. I … some apples. 2. I … (not) any shoes. 3. He … a new car. 4. They …
(not) a new car. 5. How many children … he … ? 6. We … (not) a dog. 7. I …
(not) any food. 8. They … some fruit. 9. She … (not) any friends. 10. I’m busy, I …
(not) a lot of time. 11. This flat is great, it … a lot of space. 12. What … you … ?
13. … you … a pencil? 14. We … (not) any fruit. 15. They … (not) much money.
16. They … a lot of happiness. 17. We … (not) a new computer. 18. Málaga … a
lot of nice hotels. 19. He … (not) any problems. 20. Madrid … many old buildings.
21. … you … an aspirin? 22. I … (not) any cigarettes. 23. … you … brothers and
sisters? 24. Kim … a new watch. 25. … you … you plane ticket?
B. 1. I … a house in the country. 2. … you … a cold? 3. She … 5 000 euros
in the bank. 4. He … four beautiful daughters. 5. They … three kids. 6. Peter …
Internet. 7. Mark … a cat called Monkey. 8. Ana … a new kitchen. 9. We …
(not) a TV yet. 10. I … (not) a horse. 11. I …‘‘News for you’’, is a very popular
program. 12. … you … any lemons? 13. I … some oranges. 14. I … a sore throat.
15. She … (not) an earache. 16. He … a temperature. 17. They … a tummy
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
ache. 18. I … a cut on my foot. 19. … you … a girlfriend? 20. Her office … a
nice view. 21. Why … he … a tattoo? 22. He … a lot of money. 23. She … a big
TV. 24. I … two Tous bags. 25. I … long hair.
C. 1. Laura … a lot of stamps. 2. Our house … (not) large windows. 3. I …
a younger brother. 4. We … art lessons on Mondays. 5. Dad … (not) a cold.
6. Monkeys … long tails. 7. John … a sore knee. 8. We … a new science teacher.
9. He … a bad temper. 10. The girls … golden hair. 11. An insect … six legs.
12. Dad … his cell phone with him. 13. Many poor people … (not) anything to
eat. 14. Málaga … a very big airport. 15. A triangle … 3 sides. 16. The man …
two daughters. 17. James … (not) a toothache. 18. All the passengers … their
tickets. 19. Every pupil … (not) a good dictionary. 20. Dad … two pairs of shoes.
21. Jack … ten marbles. 22. I … a hamster. It is called Lucky. 23. We … an
apartment. 24. The farmer … different kinds of animals on his farm.
Упражнение 175. Переведите на русский язык.
1. I have got a car but I haven’t got a bicycle. 2. I’ve got two tickets to
Oxford. 3. She hasn’t got many friends but she’s got a lot of money. 4. Mary’s got
a nice smile. 5. Jake hasn’t got any brothers or sisters. 6. Has Jake got a packet
of tissues? 7. They’ve got some sweets but they haven’t got any money. 8. Mike
and Mary haven’t got any grandparents but they’ve got a lot of other relatives.
9. We’ve got diaries. We haven’t got any postcards. 10. Have they got a bottle of
still water?
Упражнение 176. Составьте предложения.
Example: a / got / has / pet / Jake. — Jake has got a pet.
1. I / wallet / in / money / my / haven’t got.
2. dictionary / has got / a / She.
3. a / We / camera / haven’t got.
4. glasses / got / Mary / nice / has.
5. a / got / credit / Jake / hasn’t / card.
6. a / got / Have / watch / you?
7. cards / got / identity / have / They / their.
8. got / a / diary / Has / Mike?
Упражнение 177. Исправьте ошибки, где необходимо.
1. Mary have got a bottle of water. 2. Jake and Frank haven’t got their
identity cards. 3. We have got a glasses. 4. She hasn’t got a brush with her.
5. They has got mobile phones. 6. Has Mary and Mark got a dictionary? 7. You
haven’t got any sweets.
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