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Файл:Let’s Learn English with Pleasure. English Grammar in Use. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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Времена группы Perfect Continuous
I (look) for them for ages, but I can’t find them anywhere. 9. I (shop) all morning,
but I (not buy) anything yet. I haven’t seen anything I’ve liked. 10. The best book
I ever (read) is One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Marquez. 11. You’re
filthy! What you (do)? — I (work) in the garden. I (plant) all the vegetables for
next year. 12. I (wait) for two hours, but nobody (arrive) yet.
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Прошедшее совершенное длительное время
Выражает:
– длительное прошедшее действие, совершавшееся в момент наступле-
ния другого прошедшего действия, с указанием, как долго оно совершалось:
She had been cooking dinner for an hour when her mother came. — Она
уже час готовила обед, когда пришла ее мама;
– длительное прошедшее действие, закончившееся непосредственно
перед моментом наступления другого прошедшего действия:
He felt very tired as he had been working hard all day long. — Он чув-
ствовал себя усталым, так как много работал весь день.
Утвердительное
предложение
I
we we we
you you you
he he he
she she she
they they they
had
it it it
been
Ving
Вопросительное
предложение
What
Where
When
Why
How
had
Отрицательное
предложение
I
been
Ving
I
hadn’t
been
Ving
Упражнение 369. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past
Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. I was tired. I (work) all day long. 2. The room was empty but there was
a smell of cigarettes. Somebody (smoke) in the room. 3. It was very hot in the
house and she (lie) awake for hours. 4. It (snow) heavily and the telephone
was cut down. 5. It (rain) for weeks and the only bridge across the river was
destroyed. 6. He (study) the problem for years.
Упражнение 370. Составьте предложения.
1. Your friend / live in Siberia for 5 years / move to the Far East.
2. She / take this medicine for a week / recover.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
3. Kasparov / play chess for 5 years / become the world chess champion.
4. Mr. Brown / travel in India for 3 years / settle down in his native town.
5. The actors / rehearse the play for a month / stage it.
6. He / write books for a few years / rise to fame.
7. He / compose music for 2 years / become popular.
Упражнение 371. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Когда я пришла, он уже более 5 часов смотрел телевизор. 2. Когда она
позвонила, Катя уже более шести часов читала книгу. 3. Когда ты прислал
письмо, мы уже более 5 лет жили в Москве. 4. Она уже читала книгу более
часа, когда ты позвонил? 5. Сколько времени они уже переводили текст,
когда им разрешили пользоваться словарями? 6. Он служил уже более
полугода, когда получил первое письмо. 7. К тому времени как ребенок
уснул, мать уже более часа готовила ужин. 8. Когда мама пришла домой,
дети уже более часа делали домашнее задание. 9. К 8 вечера она говорила
по телефону уже более 3 часов. 10. Мы шли под дождем уже час, когда увидели дом. 11. Его руки были грязными. Он копал землю. 12. К тому времени она уже училась в институте.
Упражнение 372. Используйте глаголы из списка в Past Perfect
Continuous Tense: consider, drive, quarrel, practice, work, burn, hope,
rain, write, try.
1. He … the car for many hours before he came to the crossroads. 2. The
pianist … the passage hour after hour till he mastered it. 3. When I met her, her
eyes were red. She and Mike again … . 4. When I came, they … this question
for more than an hour. 5. It was evening and he was tired because he … since
dawn. 6. He … to get her on the phone for 15 minutes before he heard her voice.
7. By 12 o’clock they … a composition for two hours. 8. The fire … for some time
before a fire brigade came. 9. I … to meet her for ages when I bumped into her
by chance. 10. When I left home, it was raining, and as it … since morning, the
streets were muddy.
Упражнение 373. Переведите слова в скобках и закончите предло-
жения.
1. We were to meet with the solicitor at 5. He hadn’t come. We (ждали его)
for forty minutes. 2. At last Danny had his own notary’s office. How long he
(мечтал) to have the notary’s office of his own! 3. Peter woke up late at night.
He was frightened and couldn’t understand what (случилось). He (увидел во
сне) that he (скрывался) from somebody for a long time as if he (совершил
преступление). 4. They were very tired. They (расследовали) the accident for
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Времена группы Perfect Continuous
more than 20 hours. 5. He said that he (читает) stories of Agatha Christie for
two weeks already and (прочел) 7 stories already.
Упражнение 374. Раскройте скобки, используя Past Perfect
Continuous или Past Continuous Tenses.
1. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor, he (look) for his pen.
2. When I arrived she (wait) for me. But she looked angry as she (wait) for a
very long time. 3. They still (walk) when it started snowing. 4. The car (wait)
at the door. It (wait) for two hours. 5. The sun (shine) all day long yesterday.
6. John (drive) a car when the accident happened. 7. The sky (clear) though it
(rain) still. 8. The telephone (ring) for a few minutes before somebody picked
up the receiver.
Упражнение 375. Составьте предложения по модели.
Example: We began singing. After an hour Mike came. — We had been
singing for an hour when Mike came.
1. They started playing cards. After half an hour Pete rang up. 2. Liz and
Paul went to live to London. A year later their daughter came to see them. 3. The
children started playing hide-and-seek. After about 20 minutes Jack joined
them. 4. We started preparing for the party. Half an hour later the taxi came.
5. They drove for two hours. Then they stopped. 6. He worked in this school for
5 years. Then he changed his job.
Упражнение 376. Раскройте скобки, используя формы Past Perfect
Continuous или Past Perfect.
R: How was your job interview?
V: Awful. I felt terribly nervous. I (worry) about it all week. And I was tired
because I (work ) on my project the night before. I (not to look) forward to the
interview at all.
R: So what happened?
V: The woman interviewing me was half an hour late because she (deal)
with an unexpected problem, she said.
R: How did the interview go?
V: Well, I tried to sound confident. For two weeks. I (read) a book that
says what you have to do in job interviews. But I don’t know if I gave the right
answer.
R: Don’t worry. I think you were the best among the other candidates,
besides you (train) as a cook for six months.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 377. Используя Past Perfect и Past Perfect Continuous
и информацию в данных предложениях, составьте новое по модели:
Example: My father worked in the garden all afternoon. Then he took a hot
bath. — My father took a hot bath because he had been working in the garden
all afternoon.
1. Dan went for a walk. In the woods he saw some rare birds. When he got
home, he wrote a letter to the local newspaper about them. 2. My friend came top in
the final examination. Her father bought her a car as a reward. 3. John came home
from work early. He cooked lunch. His family were very impressed. 4. Ann worked
very hard all morning. Her boss gave her an extra half hour for lunch. She boasted
about it. 5. Bill went to the disco. He came home very late. His mother was worried
and she told him off when he got in. 6. Alex tried to mend a broken window. He cut
his hand. He went to hospital. 7. I lost my watch. We had looked for it for hours. I
was very pleased when my son found it. 8. Julia attended a language course. She
made some new friends. She sent postcards to them. 9. There was nobody in the
room but there was a smell of cigarettes. 10. When I got home, my younger brother
was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. 11. I woke up in the middle
of the night. I was frightened. I saw a nightmare. 12. I arranged to meet Tim at the
station. He didn’t come. An hour later I went home.
Упражнение 378. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Perfect
Continuous или Past Continuous.
1. The investigator observed the crime scene very carefully. He (examine)
marks, fingerprints, footprints, tyremarks, cigarette stubs, bloodstains. 2. When I
arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and
she (wait) for a very long time. 3. I came and saw Alice. She (stand) at the witness
stand. It seemed to me the barrister (question) her for a long time. When I saw her
eyes I understood, she (cry). 4. They (discuss) the evidence for half an hour. 5. He
(serve) his sentence in the Bastille for ten years. 6. I (ponder) over catching a shoplifter red-handed for several days already. 7. The judge (announce) the sentence on
the accused when you came in. 8. One evening Alf (watch) the television and (eat)
his supper when the door suddenly opened and a burglar came in.
Упражнение 379. Определите время и объясните его использование.
1. People used to have very simple lives in those days. 2. She was talking
on the phone when her boss came in. 3. Sam was in hospital because he had
crashed his car. 4. They had been studying hard all morning, so they were tired.
5. I was cooking lunch while he was pouring the drinks. 6. We had been living
in the house for a year before we decorated the kitchen. 7. Princess Diana did a
lot of work for charity. 8. At two o’clock this afternoon they were having lunch
at work. 9. First, she knocked on the door. Then, she went inside. 10. We had
bought the tickets before we went to the theatre.
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Времена группы Perfect Continuous
Упражнение 380. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
1. Lynne (was singing / had sung) as she was cleaning the windows. 2. Mr
Todd (was teaching / had been teaching) for thirty years when he retired.
3. I phoned Jack because I (wanted / had wanted) to ask him a question. 4. They
(had walked / had been walking) for hours when they stopped for a rest. 5. The
shop (had been selling / had sold) the table by the time I got there. 6. Joe was
happy. He (was winning / had won) first prize in the competition. 7. It (was
raining / had rained) while they were playing the football match. 8. Rob (was
opening / opened) the box and looked inside. 9. Eve was delighted to hear that
she (was getting / had got) the job. 10. People (used to work / were working)
very long hours in those days. 11. I was running when I (slipped / was slipping)
on the ice. 12. They (were already buying / had already bought) the tickets
when they went to the concert. 13. Carol (had broken / was breaking) her arm,
so she couldn’t write for six weeks. 14. We (had been staying / stayed) in a hotel
by the sea last summer. 15. Elvis Presley (sang / had sung) lots of hit songs.
16. I (opened / was opening) the door and stepped outside. 17. They (had
stood / were standing) outside when the results were announced. 18. Alexander
Graham Bell (had invented / invented) the telephone. 19. She broke the glass
while she (had washed / was washing) it.
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Будущее совершенное длительное время
Выражает действие, которое начнется ранее другого действия в будущем и которое будет еще совершаться в момент его наступления. Это время
употребляется, когда указан период времени, в течение которого действие
будет совершаться. Эта форма употребляется очень редко.
By the 1st of September 2015 she will have been working at this college
for thirty years. — К 1 сентября 2015 г. она будет работать в этом колледже
уже тридцать лет.
Утвердительное
предложение
I
we we we
you
she she she
they they they
shall
he he he
will
it it it
have
been
Ving
have
been
Ving
Вопросительное предложе-
What
Where
When
Why
How
shall
will
ние
I have
been
Ving
you
have
been
Ving
Отрицательное
I
you
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предложение
shan’t
won’t
have
been
Ving
have
been
Ving
ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 381. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол во Future
Perfect Continuous.
1. By next week the group … (shoot) their clip for twenty days. 2. By Easter
Sandy and Malory … (work) together for 7 years. 3. In some minutes, Fred …
(wait) for 2 hours already. 4. We’ll be halfway through our swim in an hour so
we … (swim) non-stop for 48 hours. 5. If Melissa is still on the phone at 5pm,
Fred … (to talk) to her for over six hours. 6. By the time Mike arrives, Megan …
(read) the funny book for 4 hours. 7. By July the Stevensons … (build) their
cottage for a year. 8. If nobody stops Fred, he … (grumble) till night.
Упражнение 382. Составьте предложения во Future Perfect Continuous.
1. been / will / the New Year / a teacher / for / working / by / Andrew /
have / as / 15 years.
2. for / Mark / before / will / been / at the conference / Moscow / leaves /
working / he / have / for 2 days.
3. for / at Christmas / writing / will / she / have / her / new / been /
novel / seven years?
4. go / the competition / for / their / before / training / have / they / to /
coach / will / been / them / three months.
Упражнение 383. Переведите, используя Future Perfect Continuous.
1. Когда наша дочь пойдет в школу, мы уже будем жить в этом городе
10 лет. 2. В конце месяца будет 5 лет, как я учу китайский. 3. К тому времени, как Майкл закончит колледж, его отец проработает в Боливии два
года. 4. Я буду писать третий портрет к тому времени, как Молли вернется.
5. Они будут смотреть этот сериал, пока ты не скачаешь новый.
Упражнение 384. Переведите следующие предложения на русский
язык. Сравните Future Continuous и Future Perfect Continuous.
1. I will be busy tomorrow. I’ll be learning English words. — By 2012 I
will have been learning English for about 7 years. 2. By the next September
he will have been teaching Physics for 20 years. 3. I’ll be working at 10 o’clock
on Monday. — Next Monday I will have been working for the company for
sixteen years.
Упражнение 385. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол во Future
Perfect Continuous.
1. Catherine Zeta-Jones (to act) in America for 12 years by the year
2010. 2. By the time I retire, I (to write) movie reviews for more than 30 years.
3. By the time the movie will stop, it (to rain) outside for 4 hours at least. 4. By
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Времена группы Perfect Continuous
the time he turns 30, Elijah Woods (to work) in the entertainment business for
32 years. 5. At the end of his career, Kevin Spacey (to entertain) audiences for
many years. 6. Stephen Spielberg (to make) great movies for a long time when
he will decide to stop. 7. At the end of the show, I (to eat) continuously. 8. By the
time he stops, my friend (to act) for most of his life. 9. My cousin (to exercise)
for 2 years next week in preparation for a role in a movie. 10. They (to think)
about whether to go see the new movie or not for half an hour by the time it
begins tonight. 11. In March 2005 she (dance) on this stage for fifteen years.
12. Tomorrow it (rain) heavily for almost a week. 13. Next year she (give) music
lessons for 20 years. 14. Next year we (study) English for three years. 15. In
September they (build) their country house for 2 years. 16. In a month he (play)
football for several years. 17. In half an hour they (write) a test-paper for two
hours. 18. It (snow) for a week tomorrow.
Упражнение 386. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной
и вопросительной форме.
1. The children will have been sleeping for two hours by the time the parents
come home. 2. Next summer I’ll have been teaching for 10 years in this school.
3. The workers will have been restoring the building for a year in autumn. 4. In
a month they will have been travelling abroad for a year. 5. Next year Jim will
have been studying history for 5 years. 6. In 15 minutes Father will have been
working in the garden for three hours. 7. In 15 minutes we shall have been
writing the test for two hours.
Упражнение 387. Переведите на русский язык.
1. He will have been repairing his car for two weeks on Monday. 2. He will
have been working on his books for a two year soon. 3. Tomorrow it will be a
month as they have been working on this project. 4. When the boss will see me,
I will have been waiting for him for 2 hours. 5. They will have been sitting here
for 20 minutes when I come. 6. In ten minutes time I shall have been hanging
around here for exactly four hours. 7. When they finish I will have been waiting
for them for waiting for 30 minutes.
Упражнение 388. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол во Future
Perfect Continuous.
1. By the end of the month we (learn) this language for ten years. 2. When
my daughter goes to school we (live) in here for 3 years. 3. When the new
century begins they (reconstruct) the theatre for almost 12 years. 4. If nobody
stops her she (talk) for hours. 5. When his parents come he (work) at his
composition for 3 hours. 6. By late January Peter (do)his end-of-term exams
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
for a month. 7. They are getting married next month. They (go) out for a year.
8. In ten minutes we (wait) for a bus for an hour. 9. Ann (study) English for
12 months by the time she goes back to Russia in December. 10. By the time
they reach the finish line they (run) steadily for 5 hours. 11. I (sleep) for 3
hours when they get home. 12. It’s the firm’s anniversary next week. They
(make) furniture for 50 years. 13. I (stay) at Tom’s for a week already when my
family join me. 14. He (train) for two months before the competition begins.
15. By 3 o’clock he (walk) for 5 hours. 16. They launch a new product line
next week. By the end of the year they (produce) the product for 5 months
already. 17. Professor white is leaving next week. He (lecture) for five days by
then. 18. This is the longest flight I have ever taken. By the time we get to New
Zealand I (fly) for 13 hours.
Наиболее часто встречающиеся
показатели времени глагола
Present
настоящее время
Indefinite (Simple) Tenses. Active Voice
Неопределенное время. Действительный залог
today
every day
week
year
seldom
often
usually
sometimes
from time to time
at … o’clock
Совершенное время. Действительный залог
ever
never
just
already
yet
since
for
Past
прошедшее время
yesterday
last month
week
year
… ago
in 2002
Perfect tenses. Active Voice
just
already
yet
by …
Future
будущее время
tomorrow
next week
month
year
in 2 days
in a moment
in future
in 2020
by …
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Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
Окончание таблицы
Present
настоящее время
Длительное время. Действительный залог
still
now
at the moment
Perfect Continuous Tenses. Active Voice
Совершенное длительное время. Действительный залог
for
since
прошедшее время
Continuous Tenses. Active Voice
from 6 to 10 yesterday
the whole (evening)
at this time yesterday
Past
still
when I came in
at … o’clock
for
since
Future
будущее время
still
in the evening
at 8 tomorrow
at this time tomorrow
at 8 on Friday
at 10 o’clock
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
MODAL VERBS
Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение к действию
(например, возможность или невозможность его совершения), и поэтому
после них обычно стоит какой-нибудь глагол, выражающий действие,
в форме инфинитива, но без частицы to.
Модальные глаголы:
– не изменяются по лицам;
– не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия, герундия);
– не имеют окончания -s (-es) в 3-м лице единственного числа;
– образуют вопросительную и отрицательную форму без вспомогательных глаголов.
У модальных глаголов отсутствуют почти все свойственные простым
глаголам формы.
He can swim.
Он умеет плавать.
Can he swim?
Он умеет плавать?
He can’t swim.
Он не умеет плавать.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
Модальные
глаголы
и их
значение
can
могу
умею
must
должен
обязан
нужно
may
могу
имею
разрешение
Эквиваленты
модальных
глаголов
be able to
мочь, быть
в состоянии
have to
приходится
должен
be to
должен
be allowed to
иметь
разрешение
Present
настоящее
can
am
is } able to
are
must
have to
has to
am (is, are) to
may
am
is } allowed to
are
Past
прошедшее
could
was
} able to
were
–
had to
was (were) to
might
was
} allowed to
were
Future
будущее
–
shall
}be able to
will
–
shall
} have to
will
–
shall
}be allowed to
will
§ 1. Отрицательная форма глагола can в сочетании с Perfect Infinitive упо-
требляется, когда не допускается возможность, что действие совершилось.
He can’t have done it. — Не может быть, что он это сделал.
§ 2. Глагол may употребляется для выражения предположения:
а) относящегося к настоящему или будущему (с Indefinite Infinitive):
It may rain today. — Сегодня, возможно, будет дождь;
б) относящегося к прошедшему (с Perfect Infinitive):
She may have come back. — Она, возможно, уже вернулась.
§ 3. Глагол must употребляется для выражения предположения:
а) относящегося к настоящему (с Indefinite Infinitive):
She must know this man. — Она, должно быть (вероятно), знает этого
человека;
б) относящегося к прошедшему (с Perfect Infinitive):
They must have read this book. — Они, должно быть, уже прочитали эту книгу.
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