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Файл:Let’s Learn English with Pleasure. English Grammar in Use. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
§ 5. Частица to перед инфинитивом не употребляется:
1. После модальных глаголов must, can (could), may (might) и need:
You must do it at once. — Вы должны это сделать немедленно.
Не can speak German. — Он умеет говорить по-немецки.
May I come in? — Можно мне войти?
Need he come here? — Нужно ли ему приходить сюда?
2. После глаголов to make заставлять, to let разрешать, а иногда
также после to help помогать (особенно часто в США):
Не made me read this book. — Он заставил меня прочитать эту книгу.
I let him go there. — Я разрешил ему пойти туда.
3. В обороте «сложное дополнение» после глаголов чувственного восприятия: tо see видеть, to watch наблюдать, to hear слышать, to feel
чувствоваmь и некоторых других:
I saw her leave the room. — Я видел, как она вышла из комнаты.
I heard her sing. — Я слышал, как она поет.
I felt him put his hand on my shoulder. — Я почувствовал, как он поло-
жил руку на мое плечо.
4. После выражений had better лучше бы, would rather, would sooner
предпочел бы:
You had better go there at once. — Вам бы лучше пойти туда немедленно.
I would rather not tell them about it. — Я предпочел бы не говорить им
об этом.
Не said he would sooner stay at home. — Он сказал, что он предпочел бы
остаться дома.
Примечание!
Когда глаголы, перечисленные в п. 2, употреблены в страдательном
залоге, следующий за ним инфинитив употребляется с частицей to:
Не was made to do it. — Его заставили это сделать.
§ 6. Устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом:
to cut a long story short — короче говоря;
to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по правде;
to say nothing of — не говоря уже о;
to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь;
to say the least of it — по меньшей мере;
to begin with — начнем с того что;
to leave much to be desired — оставлять желать лучшего;
smb. is difficult to deal with — с кем-то трудно иметь дело;
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
smb. is hard to please — кому-то трудно угодить;
smb. / smth. is pleasant to look at — на кого-то (что-то) приятно смо-
треть.
Упражнение 468. Переведите предложения с инфинитивом на рус-
ский язык.
1. To keep up a friendship is difficult. 2. To reach the top is their aim. 3. To
understand this dialect is not easy. 4. To give is better than to receive. 5. She
has decided to apply for the job. 6. I really don’t want to see him soon. 7. I tried
not to look at the accident. 8. Hello, how nice to see you. 9. It was nice to have
seen you. Good-bye! 10. The tax bill will be the first item to be debated in the
next parliament. 11. Their proposal was the first one to be debated at yesterday’s
meeting. 12. The youngest person to enter the programme was just fourteen.
13. Who was the last to come? 14. The window seat is usually the first one to be
taken. 15. Linda was the only one to stay for the whole performance.
Упражнение 469. Переведите предложения с инфинитивом на рус-
ский язык.
1. They struggled to keep up their standard of living. 2. Davy took a year
out to see the world and broaden his experience of life. 3. My sister went to
London to study. 4. To stop the train, pull the lever down. 5. The farther went
to the market to buy some potatoes. 6. The pink dress was too informal to
wear to the reception. 7. He stopped to smoke. 8. To know a lot you should
read a lot. 9. There isn’t enough food to go around, I am afraid. 10. My plan
is to get a well-paid job after graduating from the university. 11. Your task is
to tabulate all the data. 12. Their aim is to reach the top. 13. My aim is to win
in the competition. 14. The problem was to collect all necessary materials for
organising the meeting. 15. The President is to hold an official reception for
the visitors. 16. These pills are to be taken three times a day. 17. You are not to
disturb the head teacher while the inspectors are here next week. 18. The report
is to be handed in the first thing tomorrow morning.
Упражнение 470. Переведите на русский язык.
1. I called every morning to see if there was any news. 2. We stopped to have
a smoke. 3. He came here to speak to me, not to you. 4. The car was waiting at
the door to take them to the station. 5. To explain the problem he drew diagrams
all over the blackboard. 6. The steamship “Minsk” was chartered to carry a cargo
of timber from St. Petersburg to Hull. 7. Under clause 35 the charterers were
to supply the steamer with icebreaker assistance to enable her to enter or to
leave the port of loading. 8. To meet the increased demand for industrial goods,
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
a great number of new shops have been opened in the towns. 9. The first lot
is ready for shipment, but to economize on freight we have decided to ship it
together with the second lot. 10. Please send us your instructions at once to
enable us to ship the machines by the 20th of May.
Упражнение 471. Переведите предложения и прокомментируйте
использование той или иной формы инфинитива.
1. You have to be prepared to look after a car that will need a lot of
maintenance. 2. People fear not being able to look after themselves and being
a burden on others. 3. Whether art scholars can come to an agreement on the
subject remains to be seen. 4. It remains to be seen how long they will accept
taxation without representation. 5. Good luck to all of you out there who would
have reason to be reading this page. 6. I can’t tell you much about the book
because you’re supposed to be reading it. 7. The city also encourages employees
to consider taking the bus or biking to work. 8. We always have to consider the
evidence if we want to know what reality is like. 9. It suggested that I must have
read all of the Belgian artist and writer’s books. 10. In all probability Assange
must have been pleased at the comparison with Gandhi. 11. Both experiences
have made me want to experiment and challenge myself even more. 12. They
made me wait 2 and half hours before a doctor finally agreed to examine me.
13. A cracking noise made me think we might have brought home an unwilling
creature. 14. This really made me think about what should be on my mind when
I pick a college. 15. This schedule might be altered at any time in accordance
with market conditions. 16. Some teams might be disappointed to be left out of
the Challenge Cup tournament. 17. The Liberal Democrats are broadly centrist
and might be expected to join Labour. 18. Meanwhile the war’s aims have
become blurred — and few seem to have been achieved. 19. It certainly can be
faked, but it does not seem o have been faked in this case. 20. The November
and March incidents, the company says, seem to have been unrelated. 21. The
belief in sorcery and its practice seem to have been widespread in the past.
22. The artwork was restored, but some say remnants of the damage can still be
seen. 23. Marilyn Monroe and Margaret Thatcher might seem to have taken
up opposite roles. 24. Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much
of recorded human history. 25. But your kids still have to be taken care of, and
you still have to get to work. 26. Children lined up to have their photos taken
with those blue-uniformed soldiers. 27. I agree with Mariella that this really
ought to have been addressed earlier. 28. If any earthquake ought to have
been predictable, it was the one that just struck. 29. Dawn was still nearly two
hours away and those lights had to be the North Shore. 30. First, they had to be
invited to audition, and then to do well in the auditions.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 470. Переведите на английский язык, используя инфи-
нитив, данный в скобках.
1. Чтобы изучать engineering at university you need to pass math and
physics exams. (to study) 2. It isn’t necessary to be rich чтобы быть счастливым. (to be happy) 3. She joined the Navy чтобы посмотреть the world. (to
see) 4. I was the first one in my family кто поступил в университет. (to get in)
5. That was the very first programme которую показали on the new channel.
(to show) 6. The ‘Royale’ is the latest fabric которая была изобретена by Silvio
Moresko. (to design) 7. She wanted начать a new life. (to begin) 8. He wanted
найти a new girlfriend. (to find) 9. Neil Armstrong was the first man который
ступал on the moon. (to walk)
Упражнение 471. Переведите на русский язык.
1. It is necessary for an engineer to know a foreign language. 2. The Russian
scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket. 3. Our idea was
to design a new device for automatic control. 4. To increase the productivity of
labour one must use the methods we have just described. 5. The teacher told her
students to learn the poem by heart. 6. Russia was the first country to send man
into space. 7. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning. 8. People all over
the world are uniting to fight against the threat of terrorism. 9. They promised
to supply us with the necessary equipment. 10. The work of an architect is
to design buildings which are beautiful to look at as well as useful. 11. The
experiment to be carried out is of great importance for our research. 12. To
convert chemical energy into electrical energy we must use an electrical cell.
13. A computer producing company announced a computer small enough to set
on a desktop and powerful enough to support high level language programming.
14. To meet all the demands of the customer requires time. 15. Houses are built
to live in, and not only to look at.
Упражнение 472. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где
необходимо.
1. I like … dance. 2. I’d like … dance. 3. I shall do all I can … help you.
4. She made me … repeat my words several times. 5. I saw him … enter the room.
6. She did not let her mother … go away. 7. Do you like … listen to good music?
8. Would you like … listen to good music? 9. That funny scene made me … laugh.
10. I like … play the guitar. 11. My brother can … speak French. 12. We had …
put on our overcoats because it was cold. 13. They wanted … cross the river.
14. It is high time for you … go to bed. 15. May I … use your telephone? 16. They
heard the girl … cry out with joy. 17. I would rather … stay at home today. 18. He
did not want … play in the yard any more. 19. Would you like … go to England?
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
20. You look tired. You had better … go home. 21. I wanted … speak to Nick, but
could not … find his telephone number. 22. It is time … get up. 23. Let me …
help you with your homework. 24. I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday.
25. I’d like … speak to you. 26. I think I shall be able … solve this problem.
27. What makes you … think you are right? 28. He must … do it. 29. Pete can’t …
concentrate with the radio on. 30. We don’t feel the earth … move.
Упражнение 473. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где это
необходимо.
1. My son asked me … let him … go to the club. 2. You must make him …
practice an hour a day. 3. She was made … repeat the song. 4. He is not sure
that it can … be done, but he is willing … try. 5. Let me … help you with your
work. 6. She asked me … read the letter carefully and … write an answer. 7. You
ought … take care of your health. 8. I looked for the book everywhere but could
not … find it. 9. He was seen … leave the house. 10. We had … put on our
overcoats because it was cold. 11. The man told me not … walk on the grass.
12. Have you heard him … play the piano? 13. You had better … go there at
once. 14. I would rather not … tell them about it. 15. We shall take a taxi so as
not … miss the train.
Упражнение 474. Поставьте частицу to там, где это необходимо.
1. I think you ought … apologize. 2. Make him … speak louder. 3. Help
me … carry this bag. 4. My son asked me … let him … go to the theatre.
5. I must … go to the country. 6. It cannot … be done to-day. 7. She asked me …
read the letter carefully and … write an answer. 8. The man told me not … walk
on the grass. 9. Let me … help you with your work. 10. She ought … take care
of her health. 11. We had better … stop to rest a little. 12. I don’t know what …
do. 13. He was seen … leave the house. 14. We have come … ask whether there
is anything we can … do. 15. We heard the siren … sound and saw the ship …
move. 16. I cannot … go there now, I have some work … do. 17. During the
crossing the passengers felt the ship … toss. 18. You must make him … practice
an hour a day. 19. He is not sure that it can … be done, but he is willing …
try. 20. I looked for the book everywhere but could not … find it. 21. He said
that she might … come in the evening. 22. She was made … repeat the song.
23. Would you rather … learn shorthand than typewriting?
Упражнение 475. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав
нужную форму инфинитива.
1. … our employers to develop their skills is one of the prime concerns of
management.
a) to recruit b) to inform c) to encourage
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
2. … this market requiers a lot of hard work.
a) to enter b) to inform c) to lose
3. We have decided not to advertise this position, but … internally.
a) to encourage b) to recruit c) to inform
4. I am glad … you that you have been successful.
a) to inform b) to accept c) to encourage
5. It is impossible for us … these terms.
a) to have found b) to accept c) to work out
6. We would like … our overdraft facilities.
a) to extend b) to buy c) to have found
7. The sales director claimed … three new customers.
a) to recruit b) to have found c) to find
8. They made us … extremely hard.
a) to work b) work c) to have worked
9. Central banks of different countries are expected … away from monetary
restrictions.
a) to stay b) stay c) to have stayed
10. The world economy is predicted … growing.
a) to have continued b) to continue c) continue
Упражнение 476. Выберите правильный перевод русского предло-
жения.
1. Письма, которые нужно отослать, лежат на столе.
A. The letters are on the table to be sent.
B. The letters are to be sent, they are on the table.
C. To send the letters take them on the table.
D. The letters to be sent are on the table.
2. Преимущества высокоскоростного транспорта, который будет
использоваться в будущем, очевидны.
A. The advantages to be used in future are obvious for high-speed transport.
B. To be used in future the advantages of high-speed transport are obvious.
C. To use the advantages of high-speed transport in future is obvious.
D. The advantages of high-speed transport to be used in future are obvious.
3. Проблемы, которые должны обсуждаться на совещании, касаются
защиты окружающей среды.
A. At the meeting to be discussed the problems concern ecology protection.
B. The problems to be discussed at the meeting concern ecology protection.
C. The problems are to be discussed the meeting concerns ecology protection.
D. To be discussed at the meeting the problems are to concern ecology
protection.
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
4. Новый канал, который должен быть построен в нашем регионе,
будет длиннейшим в стране.
A. The new channel to be built in our country will be the longest in the region.
B. The new channel to be built in our region will be the longest in the country.
C. The new channel in our region will be the longest in the country to be built.
D. To build the new channel in our region will be no longer a dream in the
country.
5. Другая причина, которую следует учесть, это отдаленное месторасположение поселка.
A. Remote location of the settlement to be considered is another reason.
B. To consider remote location of the settlement is another reason.
C. Another reason to be considered is remote location of the settlement.
D. Remote location of the settlement is to be considered as another reason.
6. Он был первым, кто осознал сложность ситуации.
A. First he realized the difficulty of the situation.
B. He was the first to realize the difficulty of the situation.
C. He was to realize the difficulty of the situation first.
D. To realize the difficulty of the situation he was to be the first.
Упражнение 477. Отметьте правильный вариант ответа на вопрос
к предложению.
1. All nations of the world should unite and cooperate to save the Earth
from ecological catastrophe. What is the purpose of peoples uniting and
cooperating?
a) … to cooperate with all nations of the world;
b) … because the Earth is in danger of ecological catastrophe;
c) … to save the Earth from ecological catastrophe.
2. Projects have also been suggested to place lasers aboard Earth satellites
to transform the solar radiation into laser beams. What is the purpose of placing
lasers aboard the Earth satellites?
a) … to place lasers aboard Earth satellites;
b) … to suggest projects;
c) … to transform the solar radiation into laser beams.
3. To improve the efficiency of solar power stations people develop
different combinations of solar power stations with traditional ones. What is
the purpose of developing different combinations of solar power stations with
traditional ones?
a) … to power stations people develop;
b) … to develop different combinations of solar power stations;
c) … to improve the efficiency of solar power stations.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
4. To finish the work on time we should start doing it now. What for should
we start doing the work now?
a) … to start the work on time;
b) … to finish the work on time;
c) … to do the work now.
5. She went to the market to buy some toys, because her son had his
birthday. What was the purpose of her going to the market?
a) … because her son had his birthday;
b) … to buy some toys;
c) … to visit her son at the market.
Упражнение 478. Выберите правильную форму инфинитива.
1. We expect them … us this summer.
a) to visit b) to have visited
c) to be visiting d) to be visited
2. We were glad … the summer in the Crimea.
a) to spend b) to have spent
c) to be spent d) to be spending
3. It seems … outside, take your umbrella.
a) to rain b) to be rained
c) to have rained d) be raining.
4. I heard him … to somebody loudly.
a) talk b) to talk
c) talking d) to be talked
5. They seem … still.
a) to have worked b) to be working
c) to be worked d) to work
6. Newspapers are expected … twice every day.
a) to bring b) to be brought
c) to have brought d) to have been brought
7. Millions of Russian people are known … during the Great Patriotic War.
a) to die b) to have died
c) to be dying d) to have been dying
8. We want the new car … by the next Monday.
a) to repair b) to be repaired
c) to have repaired d) to be repairing
Упражнение 479. Используйте соответствующую форму инфинитива.
1. They want (to take) to the concert by their father. 2. I am glad (to do)
all the homework yesterday. 3. This plant is known (to produce) tractors. 4. He
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
wants his son (to become) a lawyer. 5. The enemy army was reported (to
overthrow) the defense lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city.
6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris.
7. You had better (to call) our distributors at once. 8. We are happy (to invite)
to the party. 9. That firm is reported (to conduct) negotiations for the purchase
of sugar. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was
covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. He didn’t hear me (to knock) at the door.
12. I want (to inform) of her arrival. 13. Our sportsmen are proud (to win)
the cup. 14. He is known (to work) on the problem for many years. 15. The
representative of the firm asked for the documents (to send) by air mail.
Упражнение 480. Замените выделенные части предложений инфи-
нитивными оборотами.
Example: The boy had many toys which he could play with. — The boy had
many toys to play with.
1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Here is a new brush
which you will clean your teeth with. 3. Here are some more facts which
will prove that your theory is correct. 4. Here is something which you can
rub on your hands. It will soften them. 5. Here are some screws with which
you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 6. Here are some tablets which will
relieve your headache. 7. Here are some articles which must be translated
for tomorrow. 8. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I
could write with. 9. I have brought you a book which you can read now, but
be sure and return it by Saturday. 10. Soon we found that there was another
complicated problem that we were to consider. 11. The girl was quite young
when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers
whom she had to take care of. 12. I have nо books which I саn read. 13. Is
there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 14. Don’t forget that
she has a baby which she must take care of. 15. Have you got nothing that
you want to say on this subject? 16. There was nothing that he could do
except go home. 17. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these
words to you. 18. I have an exam which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the
theatre tonight. 19. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would
serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.
Упражнение 481. Замените nридаточные предложения инфини-
тивными оборотами.
Example: He is so old that he cannot skate. — He is too old to skate.
1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it. 2. The box
is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The baby is so little that it cannot
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
walk. 4. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 5. She is so busy that
she cannot talk with you. 6. She was so in attentive that she did not notice
the mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 8. He
was so stupid that he did not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she
cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was so terrible that I don’t want
to talk about it. 11. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn
a single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they could not see through
it. 13. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation.
14. I have very little wool: it won’t make a sweater.
Упражнение 482. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя
устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Для начала она открыла все окна. 2. С моим соседом трудно иметь
дело. 3. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 4. Его поведение оставляет желать
лучшего. 5. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 6. На этих детей приятно посмотреть. 7. Короче говоря, они поженились. 8. Самая известная
книга Джерома — «Трое в лодке, не считая собаки». 9. Вам трудно угодить. 10. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлены. 11. Мягко выражаясь, она
была невежлива. 12. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего. 13. Сказать
по правде, я не люблю бокc. 14. Вашей сестре трудно угодить. 15. Начнем
с того, что я занят. 16. На него было приятно смотреть. 17. Короче говоря,
он не сдал экзамен. 18. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый счастливый день в ее жизни. 19. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего. 20. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.
Упражнение 483. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя
устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 2. Им было нечего есть.
3. Кто виноват? 4. Короче говоря, он не сделал урок. 5. В нашей семье мама
всегда встает первая. 6. На нее приятно смотреть. 7. Чтобы перевести эту
статью, вы должны воспользоваться словарем. 8. Мне некуда ехать летом.
9. О том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи. 10. Ему было
не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 11. Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней. 12. Чтобы получить хорошyю оценку, вы должны упорно поработать. 13. С ней трудно иметь дело. 14. Что делать? 15. Начнем с того, что
он болен. 16. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо
знать язык. 17. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 18. Она была не виновата.
19. Ребенку не с кем играть. 20. Увидеть — значит поверить. 21. Чтобы
успeть на этот поезд, вы должны поторопиться. 22. Не может быть и речи
о покупке машины в этом году. 23. Книга оставляет желать лучшего.
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