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Файл:Let’s Learn English with Pleasure. English Grammar in Use. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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Неличные формы глагола (Non-nite Forms of the Verbs). Инфинитив (The Innitive)
Упражнение 484. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание
на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. To play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child did not like to be
washed. 3. Isn’t it natural that we like to be praised and don’t like to be scolded?
4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many
secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your pronunciation you should record
yourself and analyse your speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the
summer holidays. 8. To be instructed by such a very experienced specialist was
a great advantage. 9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn’t like to be reminded of
his duties.
Упражнение 485. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание
на Perfect Infinitive.
1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2. Jane remembered to
have been told a lot about Mr Rochester. 3. The children were delighted to have
been brought to the circus. 4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 5. Maggie
was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to
have met you. 7. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 8. I am
very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 9. I am
sorry to have kept you waiting. 10. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his
acquaintance with Sondra. 11. Sorry not to have noticed you. 12. I am sorry
to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 13. When Clyde
looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra’s company.
14. I remembered to have been moved by the scene I witnessed.
Упражнение 486. Замените выделенные части предложения инфи-
нитивными оборотами.
Example: He is sorry that he has said it. — He is sorry to have he said It.
1. It is certain that it will rain if you don’t take your umbrella. 2. Don’t
promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can. 3. He was happy
that he was praised by everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped
his elder brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the
concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here. 7. I was afraid of going
past that place alone. 8. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress
as lovely as that. 9. We must wait till we hear the exam results. 10. She is
happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 11. I should be delighted
if I could join you. 12. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.
13. I was lucky that I had attended this concert.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 487. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся
форму инфинитива.
1. He seems (to read) a lot. 2. He seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to
read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want
(to take) you to the concert. 6. I want (to take) to the concert by my father.
7. She hoped (to help) her friends. 8. She hoped (to help) by her friends.
9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He
expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morning.
13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this
problem ever since she came here. 15. I am sorry (to break) your cup. 16. His
English seems (to get) better. 17. He is glad (to help) with his health problems.
Упражнение 488. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся
форму инфинитива.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books
for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was
so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she
deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not
because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget).
5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many
wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to
spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the
defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman
pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble.
10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered
with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices
from behind the door. 12. They are supposed (to work) on the problem for the
last two months. 13. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather
in the bedroom. 14. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find)
it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the
wall. 15. They seemed (to wait) for ages.
Упражнение 489. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя тре-
бующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали
эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы
меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции.
6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер.
9. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 10. Он
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Конструкция «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object)
был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 11. Дети
любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предполагал останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства. 15. Он не выносит, когда ему
лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в какой-то книге. 17. Мне
очень жаль, что я пропустил эту интересную лекцию. 18. Она счастлива,
что слышала концерт известного итальянского дирижера. 19. Она рада, что
присутствовала на лекции. 20. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу.
21. Наши спортсмены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 22. Я только хочу,
чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 23. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 24. Он был счастлив, что вернулся домой. 25. Он был
счастлив, что снова дома. 26. Я сожалею, что прервал ваc. 27. Я сожалею,
что не застала вас дома. 28. Джейн была счастлива, что уезжает от миссис
Рид. 29. Рочестер был рад познакомиться с Джейн. 30. Рочестер был рад,
что познакомился с Джейн.
Конструкция «сложное дополнение»
(Complex Object)
Конструкция сложное дополнение (объектный инфинитивный
оборот, Complex Object) представляет собой сочетание существитель-
ного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в объектном падеже
с инфинитивом или причастием I.
При переводе конструкции на русский язык, почти всегда используется
придаточное предложение.
Сложное дополнение существует в трех основных вариантах:
1. С инфинитивом с частицей to после глаголов to want, to expect, to
believe, to know, to advise, to consider, to order, to think, to like, to find и т.д.,
а также после конструкции would like.
She wants her daughter to go to college after school. — Она хочет, чтобы
ее дочь поступила в колледж после школы.
Если речь идет о предшествующем действии, в конструкции «сложное
дополнение» употребляется инфинитив в форме Perfect.
We know them to have come back. — Мы знаем, что они уже вернулись.
to want
to expect
to believe
to know
to advise
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
to consider
to order
to think
to like
to find
would like
me
us
you
her
him
it
them
to V
to have Ved (V3)
2. С инфинитивом без частицы to или с причастием I после глаголов to
see, to feel, to hear, to watch, to notice.
I saw him cross the street. — Я видел, что он перешел через улицу.
I saw him crossing the street. — Я видел, как он переходил через улицу.
В первом случае подчеркивается факт действия, а во втором — процесс.
to see
to feel
to hear
to watch
to notice
me
us
you
her
him
it
them
V
Ving
3. С инфинитивом без частицы to после глаголов to let (позволять), to
make (заставлять).
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Конструкция «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object)
My mother makes me do morning exercises every day. — Моя мама застав-
ляет меня делать зарядку каждый день.
to let
to make
me
us
you
her
him
it
them
V
Упражнение 490. Переведите на русский язык предложения
со сложным дополнением, выраженным инфинитивом.
1. She felt her hands tremble. 2. He felt his heart beat with joy. 3. Nobody
noticed him come in and sit down. 4. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder.
5. She felt tears roll down her cheeks. 6. We saw them jump with parachutes.
7. I heard the door of the entrance hall open and close softly. 8. They all gathered
on the hill to watch the sun rise. 9. I heard him tell the teacher about it. 10. She
heard somebody walk up to her door. 11. We expect the statement to be true.
12. We expect this solution to satisfy the given statement. 13. Teachers want
their students to attend classes regularly. 14. For a book to be useful it must be
studied carefully. 15. We know this magnitude to depend on pressure. 16. For
the information to be precise you must verify it carefully.
Упражнение 491. Переведите предложения.
1. We didn’t expect the policeman to be such an impolite person. 2. We want
you to deliver our goods by the end of July. 3. I expected her to be invited there.
4. They didn’t expect him to be asked about it. 5. I heard his name mentioned
several times during the meeting. 6. He didn’t notice us come closer. 7. Have you
seen them laughing at something? 8. We didn’t expect it to be announced on
the radio. 9. I want her tell us what is she going to do this evening. 10. I think
you will hear her sing this evening. 11. When he heard his son crying he stood
up and went to the nursery. 12. I don’t want anyone take my clothes. 13. He
wants us to come today. 14. I want you to wait me here. 15. He wants his son to
become a doctor. 16. Do you want him to help you? 17. I never heard him speak
French. 18. He didn’t hear me knock on the door. 19. I heard him return home.
20. I never saw him swimming.
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
Упражнение 492. Закончите следующие предложения, используя
Complex Object.
1. “Wait for me after school,” said Ann. Ann wanted me … . 2. “It will be
very good if you study English,” said my mother to me. My mother … . 3. “Come
to my birthday party,” said Kate to her classmates. Kate … . 4. “Don’t eat icecream before dinner,” said our mother to us. Our mother … . 5. The man said:
“My son will study mathematics.” The man … . 6. The teacher said to the pupils:
“Learn the rule.” — The teacher wanted … . 7. “Be careful, or else you will
spill the milk,” said my mother to me. — My mother did not want … . 8. “My
daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman. — The woman wanted … .
9. The man said: “My son will study mathematics.” — The man wanted … .
10. “Oh, father, buy me this toy, please,” said the little boy. — The little boy
wanted … . 11. “Wait for me after school,” said Ann to me. — Ann wanted … .
12. “Fix the shelf in the kitchen,” my father said to me. — My father wanted … .
13. “It will be very good if you study English,” said my mother to me. — My
mother wanted … . 14. “Bring me some water from the river, children,” said
our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted … . 15. “Come to my birthday
party,” said Kate to her classmates. — Kate wanted … . 16. The biology teacher
said to us: “Collect some insects in summer.” —The biology teacher wanted … .
17. “Don’t eat ice cream before dinner,” said our mother to us. Our mother did
not want … .
Упражнение 493. Переведите письменно следующие предложения.
1. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 2. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 3. Она запретила сыну уходить из школы. 4. Родители Анны
разрешили ей поехать в Москву на каникулы. 5. Она почувствовала, как ее
руки дрожат. 6. Он почувствовал, как его сердце забилось быстрее от радости. 7. Никто не заметил, как он вошел и сел на свое место. 8. Я почувствовал, как Ник положил руку на мое плечо. 9. Она почувствовала, как слезы
катятся по ее лицу. 10. Мы видели, как он прыгнул с парашютом. 11. Она
слышала, как кто-то подошел к двери. 12. Они все собрались на горе, чтобы
посмотреть, как всходит солнце. 13. Я слышал, как входная дверь мягко
открылась и так же мягко закрылась. 14. Я слышал, как он говорил учителю об этом.
Упражнение 494. Закончите следующие предложения, используя
Complex Object.
1. She did not permit … . 2. I only want … . 3. What made … ? 4. You will
not allow … . 5. Will you let … . 6. She wants you … . 7. We saw them … . 8. He
considered her … . 9. Mary heard Tim … . 10. Sarah watched her sister … .
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Конструкция «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object)
11. I noticed her … . 12. We never expected them … . 13. I’d like my friend … .
14. Mother wishes her daughter … . 15. Father expected his son … .
Упражнение 495. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо-
требляя сложное дополнение с инфинитивом.
Example: He dropped his bag. I saw it. — I saw him drop his bag.
1. I saw him. He pointed to a picture on the wall. 2. We saw that the children
climbed to the tops of the trees. 3. I noticed that Henry went up and spoke to the
stranger. 4. He slipped and fell. I saw it. 5. I saw that he opened the door and
left the room. 6. They turned the corner and disappeared. We watched them.
7. The doctor touched the boy’s leg. The boy felt it. 8. Pete bought some flowers.
His friends saw it. 9. Tamara saw that the waves carried the boat away. 10. Have
you heard how he sings the part of Herman in Tchaikovsky’s “Queen of Spades”?
Упражнение 496. Раскройте скобки и используйте конструкцию
сложного дополнения.
Example: We suspect (she, help) by him. — We suspect him be helped by her.
1. We don’t like (he, prevent) us from making it. 2. Everyone considered
(she, be) a good person. 3. They want (he, treat) like Peter. 4. We would like
(the car, buy) by Monday. 5. Rob expected (Rose, invite) to the celebration
party by the Tailors. 6. Children don’t want (parents, be late) for their wedding
ceremony. 7. People want (she, introduce) them to the director. 8. We would
like (he, fix) the appointment for us for Saturday. 9. Everyone expected (the
meeting, hold) in the head office. 10. Grandmother wanted (Rosie, tell) her
news in brief. 11. I expect (he, arrange) everything by the time I return from
our trip. 12. Does he want (I, show) him around the city? 13. We’d like (the
specialist, look trough) our papers. 14. Does he want (you, stay) in this room
any longer? 15. I never saw him swimming.
Упражнение 497. Раскройте скобки, используя конструкцию слож-
ного дополнения.
1. The Smiths want … (we, visit) them next month. 2. Do you want … (she,
post) the letter for you? 3. What does the teacher expect … (his pupils, do)
during the lesson? 4. When do you expect … (they, arrive)? 5. The man wouldn’t
like … (his son, become) a dentist. 6. Alice didn’t expect … (the exams, start)
in April. 7. Don’t make … (I, repeat that again). 8. The teacher let … (the class,
go) home early. 9. She wanted … (her husband, borrow) some money to buy a
car. 10. I know … (he, be) a very experienced driver. 11. Nobody noticed … (we,
leave) the room. 12. Tim didn’t want … (Richard, be invite) to the party. 13. She
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ГЛАГОЛ (THE VERB)
made … (her daughter, do the chores). 14. What made … (you, believe) him?
15. Let … (Mary, explain) you everything.
Упражнение 498. Вставьте частицу to, где необходимо.
1. The mother made her son … tell the truth. 2. Let me … pay for the
meal. 3. Lisa doesn’t want Pete … come back. 4. Martha didn’t expect David …
ask such an embarrassing question. 5. They would like us … take part in the
competition. 6. Glasses make him … look older. 7. My lawyer advised me not …
tell anything to the police. 8. Having a car enables you … travel round more
easily. 9. Don’t let him … punish the child. 10. I’ve never been to England but
I’d like … go there.
Упражнение 499. Составьте предложения.
1. her / to / the tex t / the teacher / wanted / translate / pupils.
2. recommend / for my holidays / you / me / where / to go / would?
3. her pupils / the lessons / doesn’t / the teacher / miss / want / to.
4. always / me / my parents / study / encourage / hard / to/ at school.
5. invited / for a few days / Jane’s / to / with them / her / stay / friends.
Упражнение 500. Перефразируйте следующие предложения
по образцу.
Example: He must wash the car. — I want him to wash the car.
1. You mustn’t be late for work. I don’t want … . 2. Clair must tidy her
bedroom. I want … . 3. She mustn’t go to the disco. I don’t want … . 4. They
must go to the school tomorrow. I want … . 5. Gary mustn’t make so much
noise. I don’t want … . 6. You mustn’t make a mess. I don’t want … . 7. He must
mend his bike. I want … .
Упражнение 501. Переведите на английский язык, используя объектную инфинитивную конструкцию (сложное дополнение), где это
возможно.
1. Он хочет, чтобы мы пришли к нему сегодня. 2. Я хотел бы, чтобы вы
подождали меня здесь. 3. Он хочет, чтобы его сын стал врачом. 4. Он хочет,
чтобы его послали в Санкт-Петербург на конференцию. 5. Она хочет, чтобы
ее пригласили на вечер. 6. Мы не хотели, чтобы нас прерывали. 7. Хотите
ли вы, чтобы я вам помог? 8. Я хочу, чтобы его статья была опубликована. 9. Доктор не хочет, чтобы вы ехали на юг. 10. Он хочет, чтобы груз
был застрахован. 11. Она не любит, чтобы дети готовили уроки вечером.
12. Она любит, чтобы обед был вовремя. 13. Он не любит, когда его прерывают. 14. Он хочет, чтобы ему задавали вопросы.
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Конструкция «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object)
Упражнение 502. Составьте предложения, используя инфинитив-
ную конструкцию «сложное дополнение».
1) me / she / to / in / myself / taught / believe;
2) dirty / they / me / to / their / do / work / paid;
3) he / perform / a / certain / programmed / robot / to / number / tasks /
the / of;
4) federation / the / rate / cut / Minister / to / interest / urged / employers’;
5) the / from / expertise / to / enabled / joint / benefit / our / us /
partner’s / venture.
Упражнение 503. Дополните предложения, используя сложное
дополнение.
1. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.” — The teacher wanted … .
2. “Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said my mother to me. — My
mother did not want … . 3. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said
the woman. — The woman wanted … . 4. The man said: “My son will study
mathematics.” — The man wanted … . 5. “Oh, father, buy me this toy, please,”
said the little boy. — The little boy wanted … . 6. “Wait for me after school,” said
Ann to me. — Ann wanted … . 7. “Fix the shelf in the kitchen,” my father said
to me. — My father wanted … . 8. “It will be very good if you study English,”
said my mother to me. — My mother wanted … . 9. “Bring me some water from
the river, children,” said our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted … .
10. “Come to my birthday party,” said Kate to her classmates. — Kate wanted … .
11. The biology teacher said to us: “Collect some insects in summer.” — The
biology teacher wanted … . 12. “Don’t eat ice cream before dinner,” said our
mother to us. Our mother did not want … .
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ПРИЧАСТИЕ
THE PARTICIPLE
Причастие — неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками
глагола, прилагательного и наречия. В русском языке английскому при-
частию соответствует как причастие, так и деепричастие.
Как и глагол, причастие в английском языке имеет формы времени
(а причастие переходных глаголов имеет также формы страдательного
залога) и может определяться наречием:
A well-bred woman does nothing which shall make people talk of her. —
Хорошо воспитанная женщина не делает ничего такого, что может заставить людей говорить о ней (обсуждать ее).
Формы причастия
Форма причастия Действительный залог Страдательный залог
Present writing being written
Past — written
Perfect having written having been written
§ 1. Причастие настоящего времени (The Present Participle, Participle I).
Причастие настоящего времени образуется путем прибавления суффикса -ing к инфинитиву глагола без частицы to:
to play играть — playing;
to read читать — reading.
Перед суффиксом -ing одна согласная, если она стоит после краткой
ударной гласной, удваивается:
to get получать — getting;
to run бегать — running;
to compel заставлять — compelling;
to prefer предпочитать — preferring.
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