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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5217_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Also of interest
- •Contents
- •Part I: Introduction
- •1.1.2.3 Sustainability and future perspectives
- •1.2 Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and other active compounds
- •1.2.1 Alkaloids
- •1.2.2 Flavonoids
- •1.2.3 Terpenoids
- •1.2.4 Other active compounds
- •1.3 Chemical structures and pharmacological effects
- •1.3.1 Chemical structures and effects of alkaloids
- •1.3.2 Chemical structures and effects of flavonoids
- •1.3.3 Chemical structures and effects of terpenoids
- •1.3.4 Structures and effects of other compounds
- •1.4.2 Flavonoids
- •1.4.3 Terpenoids
- •1.4.4 Other active compounds
- •1.5 Chemical structures and pharmacological effects
- •1.5.1 Chemical structures and effects of alkaloids
- •1.1 Introduction to medicinal and aromatic plants
- •1.1.1 Historical background
- •1.1.1.1 Historical background
- •1.1.2 Traditional and modern uses
- •1.1.2.1 Traditional uses
- •1.1.2.2 Modern uses
- •1.5.2 Chemical structures and effects of flavonoids
- •1.5.3 Chemical structures and effects of terpenoids
- •1.5.4 Structures and effects of other compounds
- •1.6 Aromatic plants in everyday life
- •1.6.1 The importance of essential oils and aromatherapy
- •1.6.2 Applications in the cosmetics and food industry
- •1.6.3 Food industry
- •1.7.1 Protection of endangered species
- •1.7.2 Sustainable harvesting methods
- •1.8.1 Protection of endangered species
- •1.8.1.1 Threats to endangered species
- •1.8.2 Conservation strategies
- •1.8.2.1 Protection of natural habitats (in situ conservation)
- •1.8.3 Participation of local communities
- •1.8.3.1 Education and awareness
- •1.8.3.2 International collaborations
- •1.8.3.3 Sustainable harvesting and trade
- •1.8.4 Sustainable harvesting methods
- •1.8.4.1 The importance of sustainable harvesting
- •1.8.4.2 Sustainable harvesting principles
- •1.8.4.3 Sustainable harvesting techniques
- •1.8.4.4 Monitoring and evaluating the harvesting process
- •1.8.4.5 The economic dimension of sustainable harvesting
- •1.8.4.6 International approaches and legal regulations
- •1.8.4.6.1 International approaches
- •1.8.4.6.2 Legal regulations
- •1.8.4.6.3 Protection of local communities and traditional knowledge
- •1.8.5 Many countries are protecting biodiversity
- •1.8.5.1 Global conservation efforts
- •1.8.5.2 Protected areas and conservation in natural habitats
- •1.8.5.3 Ex situ conservation and gene banks
- •1.9 Challenges and future prospects
- •1.9.1 Impacts of climate change
- •1.9.2 Genetic and biotechnological approaches
- •1.9.2.1 Protection of genetic diversity and breeding studies
- •1.9.2.2 Genomic and transcriptomic approaches
- •1.9.2.3 Culture tissue techniques
- •1.9.2.4 CRISPR/Cas9 technology
- •1.9.2.5 Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology
- •1.9.2.6 Bioinformatics and data analysis
- •1.10 Case studies and regional practices
- •1.10.1 Successful projects in specific regions
- •1.10.1.1 India: Ayurveda and biodiversity conservation projects
- •1.10.1.2 Brazil: sustainable collection projects in the Amazon forest
- •1.10.1.3 Turkey: protection and production of endemic plants
- •1.10.1.4 Africa: integration of local knowledge with modern practices
- •1.10.2.1 Documentation and protection of traditional knowledge
- •1.10.2.2 Scientific validation and application
- •1.10.2.3 Education and awareness
- •1.10.2.4 Patents and intellectual property rights
- •1.10.2.5 Public and private sector collaboration
- •1.11 Conclusions
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.3.1 Plant selection
- •2.3.1.1 Random plant selection
- •2.3.1.2 Plant selection based on ethnopharmacology and traditional uses
- •2.3.1.3 Plant selection by HTS technologies
- •2.3.1.4 Plant selection through virtual screening
- •2.3.1.5 Phytochemical databases
- •2.3.2.1 Comminution and homogenization
- •2.3.3 Extraction
- •2.3.3.1 Conventional extraction techniques
- •2.3.3.2 Maceration
- •2.3.3.3 Infusion
- •2.3.3.4 Decoction
- •2.3.3.5 Percolation
- •2.3.3.13 Pressurized liquid extraction
- •2.3.3.14 Enzyme-assisted extraction
- •2.3.3.15 Solid-phase microextraction
- •2.3.3.6 Hydrodistillation and steam distillation
- •2.3.3.7 Soxhlet extraction
- •2.3.3.8 Advanced extraction techniques
- •2.3.3.9 Ultrasound-assisted extraction
- •2.3.3.10 Pulsed-electric field extraction
- •2.3.3.11 Microwave-assisted extraction
- •2.3.3.12 Supercritical extraction
- •2.3.3.16 Bioassay-guided fractionation of plant extracts
- •2.3.4 Isolation and purification
- •2.3.4.3 Gas chromatography (GC)
- •2.3.4.4 Column chromatography (CC)
- •2.3.4.5 Ion exchange chromatography (IEC)
- •2.3.5 Elucidation of the chemical structure
- •2.3.5.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
- •2.3.5.2 Mass spectrometry (MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)
- •2.3.5.4 UV-visible spectroscopy
- •2.3.6 Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with bioassays
- •2.3.7 Preclinical and clinical researches
- •2.3.8 Structural modifications and developing new analogues
- •2.4 The use of omics technologies in drug discovery and development
- •2.4.1 Genomics
- •2.4.2 Metabolomics
- •2.4.3 Proteomics
- •2.5 Future scope
- •2.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Bioactive compounds
- •3.2.1 Alkaloids
- •3.2.2 Terpenoids (terpenes)
- •3.2.3 Phenolics
- •3.3 Industrial importance of biological active compounds
- •3.4 Industrial use of MAPs
- •3.5 Essential oils
- •3.6 MAPs in the dye industry
- •3.6.1 Use of MAPs in the perfumery
- •3.6.2 Use of MAPs in cosmetics
- •3.6.3 Use of MAPs in plastic production
- •3.6.4 Other industrial applications
- •3.6.5 MAPs in energy production
- •3.6.6 MAPs in agricultural applications
- •3.7 Salt stress
- •3.7.1 Nutrient
- •3.7.2 Productivity
- •3.7.3 Photosynthesis
- •3.8 Drought stress
- •3.9 Heavy metals
- •3.10 Heat stress
- •3.11 Soil pH
- •3.12 Light intensity
- •3.13 Pest and disease management
- •3.14 Conclusion and future perspective
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Toxic compounds and their effects
- •4.2.1 Alkaloids
- •4.2.2 Glycosides
- •4.2.3 Essential oils
- •4.2.4 Saponins
- •4.2.5 Coumarins
- •4.3 Poisonous medicinal plants
- •4.3.1 Digitalis purpurea (foxglove)
- •4.3.2 Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)
- •4.3.3 Aconitum napellus (monkshood, aconite)
- •4.3.4 Conium maculatum (hemlock)
- •4.3.5 Nerium oleander (oleander)
- •4.3.6 Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)
- •4.3.7 Ricinus communis (castor bean)
- •4.3.8 Taxus baccata (English yew)
- •4.3.9 Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane)
- •4.3.10 Cicuta virosa (water hemlock)
- •4.3.11 Veratrum viride (false hellebore)
- •4.3.12 Helleborus niger (Christmas rose)
- •4.3.13 Mandragora officinarum (mandrake)
- •4.3.14 Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot)
- •4.3.15 Bryonia alba (white bryony)
- •4.3.16 Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus)
- •4.3.17 Chelidonium majus Linn. – Papaveraceae
- •4.4 Aromatic plants and poisons
- •4.4.1 Artemisia absinthium (wormwood)
- •4.4.2 Sassafras albidum (sassafras)
- •4.4.3 Lavandula angustifolia (lavender)
- •4.4.4 Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)
- •4.4.5 Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal)
- •4.4.6 Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)
- •4.4.7 Myristica fragrans (nutmeg)
- •4.4.8 Thuja occidentalis (white cedar)
- •4.4.9 Illicium verum (star anise)
- •4.4.10 Syzygium aromaticum (clove)
- •4.4.11 Juniperus sabina (savin juniper)
- •4.4.12 Pimpinella anisum (anise)
- •4.4.13 Lavandula stoechas (French lavender)
- •4.4.14 Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort)
- •4.4.15 Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)
- •4.4.16 Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium)
- •4.5 Safe use and precautions
- •4.5.1 Safety guidelines and precautions
- •4.6 Conclusions
- •References
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Effect of drought or water deficiency on the morphology of medicinal plants
- •5.4 Effect of drought or water deficiency on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants
- •5.5 Different approaches to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on plants
- •5.6 Case studies
- •5.7 Conclusions
- •References
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Importance of medicinal and aromatic plants
- •6.3 Salinity effect on medicinal plants
- •6.3.1 Effects on growth and development
- •6.3.2 Impact on photosynthesis and water relations
- •6.3.3 Ionic stress and nutrient imbalance
- •6.3.4 Oxidative stress and antioxidant response
- •6.3.5 Impact on secondary metabolite production
- •6.4 Molecular responses to salinity stress
- •6.5.1 Amino acids
- •6.5.2 Proteins
- •6.5.3 Carbohydrates
- •6.5.4 Lipids
- •6.6 Study of alkaloids through proteomic and other approaches
- •6.7 Phenolic compounds during stress
- •6.8 Strategies for improving salt tolerance in MAPs
- •6.8.1 Exogenous application of plant growth regulators
- •6.8.2 Use of beneficial microorganisms
- •6.8.3 Genetic approaches
- •6.8.4 CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
- •6.8.5 Agronomic practices
- •6.8.6 Use of mulches
- •6.8.7 Application of organic amendments
- •6.8.8 Silicon supplementation
- •6.8.9 Application of polyamines
- •6.8.10 Nanofertilizers and nanoparticles
- •6.8.11 Application of melatonin
- •6.9.1 Water relations and osmotic adjustment
- •6.9.2 Ion homeostasis and nutrient balance
- •6.10 Molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance
- •6.11.1 Genetic engineering strategies
- •6.11.2 Identification of salt-tolerant genes
- •6.11.3 Use of plant growth regulators
- •6.12 Conclusion and key points
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Heavy metals and their effects on the environment
- •7.4 Processes of heavy metal uptake by roots
- •7.5 Transport and accumulation in various plant tissues
- •7.8 Plant defense mechanisms against heavy metals
- •7.9 Molecular and genetic responses to heavy metal contamination
- •7.11 Selection of heavy metal-resistant plants
- •7.12 Case studies
- •7.13 Conclusions
- •References
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Metabolic and hormonal responses to abiotic stress
- •8.3 Water stress
- •8.3.1 Drought stress
- •8.3.2 Waterlogging stress
- •8.4 Temperature stress
- •8.4.1 High temperature (heat shock)
- •8.4.2 Low-temperature stress
- •8.5 Light stress
- •8.6 Salt stress
- •8.7 Nutrient stress
- •8.8 Heavy metal stress
- •8.9 Molecular docking calculation for stress
- •8.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •Part III: Pharmaceutical use of medicinal plants
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 General properties of medicinal and aromatic plants used in burn treatment
- •9.2.1 Phytochemical content and mechanisms of action
- •9.2.2 Antimicrobial effects
- •9.2.3 Wound-healing effects
- •9.2.4 Analgesic effects
- •9.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of herbal treatments
- •9.2.5.1 Advantages
- •9.2.5.2 Disadvantages
- •9.3 Medicinal and aromatic plants used in burn treatment
- •9.3.1 Aloe vera
- •9.3.1.1 Clinical effects
- •9.3.2 Calendula officinalis (Calendula)
- •9.3.3 Centella asiatica (gotu kola)
- •9.4 Molecular basis of plant action mechanisms
- •9.4.1 Cellular mechanisms in wound healing
- •9.4.2 Innovative research methods in herbal treatments
- •9.4.2.1 Omic technologies: genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches
- •9.5 Formulation and application methods of herbal products
- •9.5.1 Pharmaceutical formulations
- •9.5.2 Dosage and application methods
- •9.5.3 Nanotechnological approaches
- •9.5.4 Factors affecting chemical stability
- •9.5.4.1 Stability enhancement methods
- •9.5.4.2 Importance of storage conditions
- •9.5.4.3 Stability tests and quality control
- •9.6 Clinical research and evidence-based practices
- •9.6.1 Clinical studies
- •9.6.2.1 Meta-analyses and literature reviews
- •9.7 Safety and side effects
- •9.7.1 Toxicological risks
- •9.7.2 Side effects and contraindications
- •9.8 Integration of traditional knowledge and modern science
- •9.8.1 Ethnobotany and traditional knowledge
- •9.8.2 Cultural and regional diversity
- •9.9 Future research areas and innovation
- •9.9.1 Pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine
- •9.9.2 Biodegradable and smart materials
- •9.9.3 Combined use of herbal treatments
- •9.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 COPD
- •10.3 Asthma
- •10.4 Pneumonia
- •10.5 Lung cancer
- •References
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Oxidative stress
- •11.2.1 Reactive oxygen species
- •11.2.2 Sources and generation of free radicals
- •11.3.1 Lipid peroxidation
- •11.3.2 Protein oxidation
- •11.3.3 DNA oxidation
- •11.4 Defense of the organism against ROS
- •11.4.1 Free radicals and antioxidants
- •11.4.2 Antioxidants action mechanism
- •11.5 Methods for determination of antioxidative activity
- •11.5.1 Methods based on hydrogen atom transfer
- •11.5.2 Methods based on electron transfer
- •11.5.3 Other methods for determination of antioxidant potential
- •11.6 Medicinal and aromatic plants as natural antioxidants
- •11.7 MAPs with antioxidant activity
- •11.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 Definition, historical documents, and distribution related to the study of the usage of MAPs
- •12.3 Antibacterial activity of MAPs
- •12.4 Extracts and essential oils from MAPs as antibacterial agents
- •12.5 Compounds of essential oils with antibacterial properties and their activity against a variety of bacterial strains
- •12.6.2 Terpenoids from MAPs as antibacterial agents
- •12.6.3 Alkaloids from MAPs as antibacterial agents
- •12.7.2 Clinopodium nepeta (L). Kuntze
- •12.7.3 Lavandula officinalis
- •12.7.4 Helichrysum italicum
- •12.7.5 Mentha piperita
- •12.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Medicinal and aromatic plant-derived extracts
- •13.2.1 Extraction techniques of MAPs
- •13.2.2 Influence of extraction operational parameters
- •13.3 MAPs in skin care products
- •13.3.1 MAPs as photoprotective agents against UV light and skin damage
- •13.3.2 Regenerative and wound-healing properties of MAP-derived agents
- •13.3.3 MAPs as skin anti-aging and whitening agents
- •13.4 MAPs in hair cosmetics
- •13.4.1 MAPs in hair products
- •13.4.2 MAPs in hair growth products
- •13.5 MAPs in oral hygiene products
- •13.5.1 Formulations for toothpaste and mouthwash
- •13.5.2 MAPs in prevention of dental caries
- •13.6 MAPs enhanced by sustainable materials in cosmetics
- •13.6.1 Nanotechnology in cosmetic formulations
- •13.6.2 Innovative nanocarrier materials
- •13.7 Conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •References
- •14.1 Introduction


Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Also of interest
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Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy of Medicinal Plants
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ISBN ----
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Phytochemicals in Medicinal Plants.
Biodiversity, Bioactivity and Drug Discovery
Charu Arora, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma, Jeenat Aslam,
Pramod Kumar Mahish (Eds.),
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Essential Oils.
Sources, Production and Applications
Rajendra Chandra Padalia, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma,
Charu Arora and Pramod Kumar Mahish (Eds.),
ISBN ----
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Natural Poisons and Venoms.
Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins
Eberhard Teuscher, Ulrike Lindequist,
ISBN ----
e-ISBN ----

Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants
Pharmaceutical, Food, and Cosmetic Applications
Edited by
Elyor Berdimurodov, Esra Uçar, and Burak Tuzun

Editors
Dr. Elyor Berdimurodov
Faculty of Chemistry
National University of Uzbekistan
Tashkent, 100034
Uzbekistan
elyor170690@gmail.com
Prof. Esra Uçar
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Department
Technical Sciences
Vocational School of Sivas
Sivas Cumhuriyet University
58140 Sivas, Turkey
eucar@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Prof. Dr. Burak Tuzun
Associate Professor
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Department
Technical Sciences
Vocational School of Sivas
Sivas Cumhuriyet University
58140 Sivas, Turkey
theburaktuzun@yahoo.com
ISBN 978-3-11-146866-2
e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-146971-3
e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-147038-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2025934050
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Genthiner Straße 13, 10785 Berlin
Cover image: sefa ozel/E+/Getty Images
Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd.
Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck
www.degruyterbrill.com
Questions about General Product Safety Regulation:
productsafety@degruyterbrill.com

Contents
Part I: Introduction
Gamze Tüzün, Burak Tüzün, Dilara Ülger Özbek, and Elyor Berdimurodov
Chapter 1
The importance of medicinal and aromatic plants for living things 3
İrem Yıldız Özbaş, Severina Pacifico, and Emre Özbaş
Chapter 2
Methods of obtaining drugs from medicinal and aromatic plants 41
Fatemeh Ahmadi, Maximilian Lackner, and August Starzinger
Chapter 3
Challenges encountered in growing medicinal and aromatic plants 119
Nuraniye Eruygur and Sanem Hoşbaş Coşkun
Chapter 4
Medicinal and aromatic plants that are toxic 155
Part II: Effect of stress factors on medicinal and aromatic
plants
Gülen Özyazıcı and Negar Valizadeh
Chapter 5
Impact of drought stress on the medicinal and aromatic plants’
biochemistry 199
Fatemeh Ahmadi
Chapter 6
Impact of salinity stress on medicinal and aromatic plant biotechnology 229
Negar Valizadeh and Gülen Özyazıcı
Chapter 7
Impact of heavy metal on the medicinal and aromatic plants’
biochemistry 265

VI Contents
Esra Uçar, Gamze Tüzün, Burak Tüzün, and Elyor Berdimurodov
Chapter 8
Metabolic and hormonal responses of medicinal and aromatic plants to
abiotic stress 299
Part III: Pharmaceutical use of medicinal plants
İlayda Bersu Kul, Gamze Tüzün, Burak Tüzün, and Elyor Berdimurodov
Chapter 9
Medicinal and aromatic plants used in burn treatment 329
Serkan Kapancik, Atteneri López Arencibia, and Burak Tuzun
Chapter 10
Medicinal and aromatic plants used in respiratory diseases 363
Amra Alispahić, Emina Boškailo, Alema Dedić, and Hurija Džudžević-Čančar
Chapter 11
Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 385
Alema Dedić, Hurija Džudžević-Čančar, Amra Alispahić, and Emina Boškailo
Chapter 12
Medicinal and aromatic plants with antibacterial properties 417
Part IV: Uses of medicinal and aromatic plants in other areas
Emina Boškailo, Alema Dedić, Hurija Džudžević Čančar, Amra Alispahić,
and Kasapović Dejana
Chapter 13
Medicinal and aromatic plants used in cosmetics 459
Binnur Bağci, Gamze Tüzün, and Elyor Berdimurodov
Chapter 14
Edible medicinal and aromatic plants 491
Abdellatif Rafik and Burak Tüzün
Chapter 15
The mysteries of Moroccan nature: aromatic plants and their therapeutic
medicinal properties 513

Contents VII
Hurija Džudžević-Čančar, Amra Alispahić, Emina Boškailo, and Alema Dedić
Chapter 16
The use of medicinal and aromatic plants in aromatherapy 547
Alireza Mirzaei and Jamshid Fooladi
Chapter 17
Medicinal and aromatic plants with antioxidant properties 581
Ines Sifaoui, Atteneri López-Arencibia, María Reyes-Batlle, José E. Piñero,
and Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
Chapter 18
Medicinal and aromatic plants with anti-parasitic properties 611
Danial Kahrizi and Masoumeh Khanahmadi
Chapter 19
Medicinal and aromatic plants used in personal care products 651
Dilara Ülger Özbek and Elyor Berdimurodov
Chapter 20
Genotoxic effects of medicinal and aromatic plants 681
Yeter Çilesiz, Uzma Nadeem, and Tolga Karaköy
Chapter 21
Applicability of start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism markers in
determining genetic diversity in medicinal and aromatic plants 707
Index 743

Part I: Introduction

Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана
