Пополняем словарь, совершенствуя грамматику = Target Vocabulary Through Grammar Revision. Учебное пособие

SECTION TWO. GRAMMAR REVISION: THE VERB TARGET VOCABULARY:

UNIT TWO (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

to _________ more than £ 500 for the needs of the homeless people. 9. The reaction is started by __________ the temperature to 140 °C. 10. Beautiful wooded hills ___________ steeply all around, which greatly enhances the rural setting of the town. 11. To see the sun _________ and set behind the capstone of a pyramid is a remarkable sight and one I shall never forget. 12. Ladies and gentlemen, will you _________ your glasses to the bride and groom! 13. A passer-by __________ the alarm before the fire got out of control. 14. He _________ to his feet and tapped on the table as if he were going to speak.

C) arise – arouse

1. The resignation of the managing director is certain to __________

new fears about the future of the company. 2. The legal problems

_________ when we tried to sell the house. 3. We must make the document absolutely clear to ensure misunderstandings do not __________. 4. Suspicions were __________ when two men were seen running from the bank. 5. Most often, the approach is to wait for problems to __________ and then to seek help.6.They couldn’t see that his goodness would __________ such envy. 7. Many questions have __________ recently over the origin of life.

D) sit – set

1.If you _________ in the sun too long, you may have serious burns.

2.They tried to _________ the explosives carefully on the floor. 3. After swimming Bob __________ on the beach to dry off. 4. I wish you children would _________ still for 5 minutes. 5. Don’t __________ the chocolate near the oven or it will melt. 6. It’s so hot in here. Shall we go and

_________ by the window? 7. When I returned home, I was very surprised to see that the table was __________ for three.

Exercise 2. Choose the right verb/verb form:

1. She loved (lying, laying) on the beach and thought it the best rest. 2. I listened very attentively now, my curiosity was (risen, raised, aroused). 3. When are we going to (lie, lay) the new carpet? I’m tired of the old one! 4. (Lie, lay) aside your knitting and listen to me! 5. Try and (rise, raise, arouse) an issue for discussion at our next seminar.

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

6. I tried to (lie, lay) the table in a special way, the dinner was very important for me. 7. Don’t (lie, lay) on the floor! You’ll catch a cold. 8. Don’t (rise, raise, arouse) your voice! Who are you that you should speak to me in such a way? 9. I’m (rising, raising, arousing) my glass to enduring happiness of this wonderful couple. 10. If you start (lying, laying) money aside now, you might be able to get a new car in a couple of years.11.This student (rose,raised,aroused) in his professor’s esteem when he gave a neat answer to a very difficult question. 12. The baby (lie, lay) on its stomach moving vigorously its arms and legs, trying to turn on its back. 13. Her thought of revenge tortured her, and finally she invented a scheme to (lie, lay) a trap for Michael. 14. Her graduation paper (rose, raised, aroused) much criticism of the State Examination Commission, but in the end she got a good mark. 15. To (rise, raise, arouse) the standards of living in our country is impossible without (rising, raising, arousing) wages in the budget sector. 16. Sea turtles (lie, lay) eggs on the shore close to the sea, so that the hatched little ones were able to reach it. 17. His odd manner of talking loudly trying to capture my attention (rose, raised, aroused) my suspicion instead. 18. When at the sea-side, I prefer (lying, laying) in the shade, as my skin is very sensitive to the sun. 19. The new president’s first initiative was to (rise, raise, arouse) taxes, which made him unpopular overnight.

20.When the curtain (rose, raised, aroused), I was already fast asleep.

21.They suggested (rising, raising, arousing) money to purchase a new home cinema set for the department. 22. His impudent remark (rose, raised, aroused) my indignation.

Exercise 3. Ten sentences contain a mistake in the usage of problem verbs. Tick the correct sentences. Correct and explain the mistakes:

1.Prices have raised again because of the inflation. ____________

______________________

2.The soldiers laid down to sleep in tents. __________________________

______________________

3.No one has found the solution to the problem. ___________________

_______________________

4.When the guests arrived she was still lying the table. ____________

______________________________

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SECTION TWO. GRAMMAR REVISION: THE VERB TARGET VOCABULARY:

UNIT TWO (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

5.His behavior rose everyone’s suspicion. __________________________

________________________

6.Jane’s grandfather found a big chemical company at the turn of the century. ___________________________________________________________

7.When they heard the good news their spirits raised. ______________

__________________________

8.‘Really?’ she said raising one eyebrow slightly. ____________________

____________________________

9.They were convicted of genocide and hung for their crimes.

______________________________

10.Toby is quite a placid dog. He won’t bite you. He doesn’t mind being struck. ____________________________________________________________

11.When she came home she found him laying in bed. ____________

_________________________

12.A snowball stroked him on the back of the head. ________________

_________________________

Exercise 4. Think about the reasons why the following happened. Ask and answer why-questions.

1.The water in the stream rose. 2. Paula laid the table for three.

3.Jim’s temperature rose fast. 4. Peter found the place quite quickly.

5.The cup lay broken. 6. They hanged the man. 7. Andrew rose in my esteem. 8. Nick’s behaviour aroused his sister’s anxiety. 9. They set quite a few traps in the basement. 10. When she asked him why he was so late he lied. 11. The boss raised the employee’s wages. 12. On second thought about the situation, my spirits fell.

Exercise 5. Give answers to the following questions. Mind the forms of the frequently confused verbs.

1. What did he mean by saying that she was as hard as nails? 2. Where did the submarine sink? 3. Why did the company withdraw the drug from the market? 4. How did the employees feel when they learnt they had a new boss? 5. When did Chris saw the tree in front of his house? 6. Where did they find the treasure? 7. Where did she stick the note for her husband? 8. Why did they ring the police? 9. Why did the fire spread so quickly? 10. How much did it cost to have a meal in that restaurant?

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

Exercise 6. Say under what circumstances something would or wouldn’t have happened. Mind the verb forms.

Model: I didn’t buy the ticket for the concert as it cost a lot of money. – If the ticket for the concert hadn’t cost a lot of money I would’ve bought it.

1. Jack kicked the dog and it bit him. 2. Helen drew our attention to the mistake and so we saw it. 3. The team didn’t win because they didn’t stick together. 4. The fire didn’t spread as the firefighters arrived just in time. 5. Alice had sunstroke because she lay in the sun for too long. 6. I didn’t sew the loose button on my shirt and it fell off. 7. The Titanic sank as it hit an iceberg. 8. James didn’t wind up his watch so he didn’t know what the time was. 9. Ann washed her blouse in hot water so it shrank. 10. Mike couldn’t wear his shirt at the party because he tore the sleeve on a nail.

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English using Target Vocabulary (Arakin Book, Part V, Unit Two). Mind the usage of the confused verbs.

1. Жена убедила мужа спилить дерево, потому что была опас- ность, чтопонемувдоммоглизабратьсяграбители. 2. Почувство- вав острую боль в пояснице, она прилегла на кровать. 3. Заговор против короля был раскрыт, и после суда его участников повеси- ли. 4. Уйдя на пенсию, Билл довольствовался малым. Он находил удовольствие в том, что мог вволю почитать, лежа в тени яблонь

всвоем саду. 5. Каждый месяц он откладывал деньги на поездку

вЭдинбург, потому что его привлекала идея увидеть этот город своими глазами. 6. Майкл с довольным видом встал, поднял бо- кал и произнес тост. 7. Она остро осознавала необходимость под- нять этотвопрос на собрании и осмелилась высказаться по этому поводу.

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SECTION TWO. GRAMMAR REVISION: THE VERB TARGET VOCABULARY:

UNIT TWO (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

2. Specific verbs differing in usage and grammatical features from their equivalents in Russian

2.1. Unlike their Russian equivalents English verbs ask (просить), allow, order, advise (followed by the infinitive), tell, inform, remind, enable and fail are always used with a personal pronoun in the function of an indirect object. The point is that in the Russian sentence the person may often be implied, whereas in the English sentence it should be always mentioned.

2.2. If the person is not specified, the pattern object + passive infinitive can be used after the verb allow and the pattern object + passive infinitive or a clause with the verb in the Suppositional Mood/ Subjunctive I can be used after the verb order.

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

2.3. After the verbs demand and suggest use a clause with the verb in the Suppositional Mood/Subjunctive I. Do not use the infinitive.

Note. The verb demand can be followed by an infinitive if the action of this verb and the action of the infinitive refer to one and the same person.

She demanded to see the headmaster. = She wanted to see the headmaster and it was she who demanded that.

He demanded to be given a chance to speak. = He wanted to be given a chance to speak and it was he who demanded it.

Also, remember that the subject in the passive construction with suggest is never a person.

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SECTION TWO. GRAMMAR REVISION: THE VERB TARGET VOCABULARY:

UNIT TWO (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

2.4. The verb repeat is followed by a direct object as different from its Russian equivalent «повторять».

Note. The English for «повторять пройденный материал» is review/revise smth, e.g. review vocabulary/a rule/revise grammar before the exam, etc.

2.5. The Russian reflexive verbs «пугаться», «обижаться», «убеж-

даться», «смущаться», «удивляться», «разочаровываться», «сбы- ваться», «осуществляться», «оставаться (в остатке)» are rendered in English with the help of passive construction, e.g. to be (get, become, grow) frightened/offended/convinced/embarrassed/surprised/disappointed/realised; to be left.

2.6. Mind the absence of the reflective pronoun after the verb feel (in the structure feel + adjective) and the verb behave.

Note. Behave yourself means ‘behave properly’. The phrase ‘Behave yourself!’ is often used to remind a child about good manners («Веди себя хорошо!»).

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S.V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

2.7.With the verb revenge,when the object of the action is mentioned, do not miss the reflexive pronoun.

2.8. The verb risk is a transitive one. That means that you should use a direct object after it. The object can be usually expressed by a noun with a necessary possessive pronoun or by a gerund. Thus, a person can risk their health/career/reputation/fortune/life etc. Similarly, a person can risk making a mistake/climbing a mountain/being punished/being killed etc.

Note. When you need to express the idea of «рисковать» (with the object implied but not mentioned) you should use such phrases as take a chance/a risk, take chances/risks/hazards, to run a risk/risks.

2.9.The verb envy may be used both as a transitive and an intransitive one, whereas the Russian «завидовать» is used only intransitively. Be careful to avoid a preposition after envy.

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SECTION TWO. GRAMMAR REVISION: THE VERB TARGET VOCABULARY:

UNIT TWO (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

You can use the verb envy with two objects in a sentence. Such a structure is usually rendered by a complex sentence in Russian.

Mind the semantic difference between the following sentences:

The idea of feeling unhappy because someone else has something that you don’t have can be expressed by the collocation be jealous of smth.

She envies his optimism./She envies him his optimism. = She is jealous of his optimism.

Note. To be jealous also expresses the idea of «ревновать кого- либо». Mind the way the following is rendered in English:

Exercise 8. What will you say, do or feel in the following situations? Use the specific verbs suggested:

Your friends want to go abroad for a holiday, but they can’t decide on the place. They ask you for help. (advise) 2. You are in a restaurant, and they bring you the wrong dish. (demand) 3. You didn’t hear what your partner said. (repeat) 4. You see a big spider crawling on your arm. (feel) 5. Your nephew is being very naughty at the party. (behave) 6. Your group-mate is not sure that he remembers the vocabulary of the unit. (review) 7. A man is going to cross the busy street against the lights. (risk, suggest) 8. Your friend agreed to do you a favour some time ago,

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

but now he doesn’t seem to remember about it. (remind) 9. You see a crime being committed. (risk, feel, inform) 10. Your favourite sports team loses an important game. (feel)

Exercise 9. Make the sentences indirect, mind the usage of the grammar patterns with the verbs ‘demand’ and ‘suggest’.

1. ‘Don’t write the test in pencil,’ demanded the teacher. 2. ‘Peter Swan can head the department. He’s quite experienced and a good leader,’ suggested the Branch Manager. 3. ‘Let’s go around the castle,’ suggested the guide. 4.‘You shouldn’t use the Internet for your personal needs when at work,’ demanded the Boss. 5. ‘Why don’t you just ask your parents for advice?’ suggested Mike. 6. ‘Stop cheating!’ demanded the examiner. 7. ‘We’d better book tickets now, or it can be too late,’ suggested James. 8. ‘I can help you with the presentation,’ suggested my boy-friend. 9.‘You must be back home by 10 pm!’ demanded Mother.

Exercise 10. Work in pairs. Choose three situations. Ask your partner questions with the specific verbs. Discuss the situation.

1. Have you ever risked your life/reputation? When was it? 2. Have you been jealous of someone’s success? 3. Has any of your friends risked being expelled from the university? What happened? 4. How much time is left before the end of the semester? Is it enough for you to fulfil all the necessary tasks to be admitted to the exams? 5. When did you last review grammar patterns? Give examples of the grammar patterns reviewed. 6. Do you often get confused/feel awkward? What kind of situations may confuse you? 7. When was the last time you got offended? What was it about?

Exercise 11. Translate into English, mind the specific verbs grammatical features.

1. Куда Кейтсоветует поехатьэтимлетом? 2. Скажите, а что бы высделаливподобнойситуации? 3. Профессорразрешилизменить название статьи. 4. Капитан приказал начать погрузку товаров не- медленно. 5. Если Колин спросит, скажи, что я на работе. 6. Поче- му вы не сообщили об изменении сроков конференции? 7. Какая красота! Этот пейзаж напоминает осенние Аппалачи. 8. Зачем

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