Пополняем словарь, совершенствуя грамматику = Target Vocabulary Through Grammar Revision. Учебное пособие

SECTION ONE. GRAMMAR REVISION: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT ONE (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

Rosemary called a couple of days ago. She said _____________________

____________________________________________________________

4.‘Hello. This is Mr Harrison from Leefield High School. I think we need a chat about some problems your son Joe seems to be having. I’ll be at the school until 6.30 if you would like to call me back.’

Mr Harrison from Leefield High phoned earlier. He said ____________

___________________________

5.‘Good afternoon. This is Tim at Barrett’s Wine Delivery Service. I’m afraid that we can’t fulfil your order, as you didn’t include credit card details on your order form. We have to have these details, or payment in advance, to fulfil your order. I’ll await your instructions.’

Someone called from Barrett’s a few days ago. He said _____________

_______________________________________

Exercise 3. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech. Decide whether to change the tenses and adverbs of time and place, explain your choice.

1.‘The London Eye is now the most popular tourist destination in London.’

The guidebook states _________________________________________________

2.‘I’ve decided to stay another week as the research is going so well

here.

Professor Jones rang from Vancouver. He said _______________________

__________________________

3.‘We’ve got tickets for the opera in New York this weekend.’ Gerry and Louisa told me last week that _____________________________

___________________

4. ‘The smaller islands of the archipelago are mostly uninhabited and very peaceful.’

There’re so many people here! But that TV programme a few weeks ago said _____________________________________________________________

5.‘Mum’s really ill. I wish we didn’t live so far away from her.’ Sharon was really depressed last night. She told me that ___________

_________________________________________________________

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S.V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

6.‘The house is in a very pleasant cul-de-sac (фр. = тупик, замкнутое пространство), and there aren’t many children or animals there.’

Here’s the road. Oh, no – it’s awful! But the estate agent insisted that ______________________________________________________________________

7.The accused first met the Wilsons when he decorated their living room.’

In court, the lawyer claimed that _____________________________________

_____________________________

8.‘Shall we switch to an online banking system for the household accounts?’

My husband suggested that __________________________________________

_______________________

9.‘They had been living together secretly for years before they revealed their relationship.’

The newspaper said that the two politicians ________________________

_____________________________

10.‘You mustn’t leave your car in these parking bays for more than twenty minutes at a time.’

The traffic warden explained _________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

11.‘Oh really! There is no such thing as reincarnation!’

The scientist maintained that ________________________________________

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Exercise 4. Translate the reported statements into English using Target Vocabulary (Arakin Book, Part V, Unit One) and Grammar (1–2).

1. Нел сказала мне, что осознает последствия своего отка- за. 2. Утром позвонил Эндрю и сказал, что благотворительный концерт состоится в субботу. 3. Все восхищаются его остроуми- ем, но он объяснил мне вчера, что у него просто хорошая па- мять на анекдоты и крылатые выражения. 4. Она написала, что на следующей неделе ждет меня у себя в новом, с иголочки, на- ряде. 5. Представляешь, Хелен пыталась меня убедить в том, что Майк живет на сомнительные доходы! 6. Он сказал, что я должна

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SECTION ONE. GRAMMAR REVISION: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT ONE (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

собраться с мыслями и принять правильное решение. 7. Автор бестселлера широко улыбнулся и объявил, что проведет в Май- ами по крайней мере две недели и надеется закончить там свой новый роман. 8. Ума не приложу, чтоделатьс этим непослушным ребенком. Учительница сказала, что он со всеми разговаривает с сознанием собственного превосходства.

3. Reporting verbs and their patterns

Alargenumber of reportingverbs indicatethe function ofthe original speech, e.g.

‘You should stop smoking.’ He advised her to stop smoking. (advice) ‘If you do that again, I’ll call the police.’ He threatened to call

the police. (warning)

In informal conversation we usually report speech using the introductory verbs say and tell. In more formal speech and writing, we use a greater variety of introductory verbs:

‘I think you should inform the judge.’ Dad told me he thought I should inform the judge. The lawyer advised me to inform the judge.

There are several different patterns used after reporting verbs:

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

you?’ They accused me of forging the cheques.

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SECTION ONE. GRAMMAR REVISION: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT ONE (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

Exercise 5. Report each of these statements, using an appropriate verb from the box (see the model).

accuse apologise blame consider encourage reassure recommend refuse regret remind suggest warn volunteer

Model:

My wife: ‘Don’t worry about the arrangements for the reception. They’re all under control.

My wife reassured me that the arrangements for the reception were all under control.

1.Geraldine: ‘I will not take part in the new play.’ ___________________

__________________________________________________________________

2.My best friend: ‘Don’t you ever discuss my problems behind my back again!’ ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3.Pete: ‘You should think about going to the new Thai restaurant. It’s excellent.’ ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4.The department manager: ‘It was your fault that we lost the Siemens contract.’ __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5.The disc jockey: ‘Oasis were definitely the best band in the nineties.’ _________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6.The fan: ‘I’m terribly sorry about confusing you with George Michael.’ _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

7.The police officer: ‘We believe that you have been making obscene phone calls to this office.’ ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

8.My friends: ‘Come on – you can do the Swimathon with us. You’re just as good as we are ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S.V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

9.Mike’s brother: ‘I don’t mind organizing the collection for Mike and Sarah’s wedding.’ ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

10.The team manager: ‘I feel terrible now about contradicting Julie in front of her whole team.’______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11.The director: ‘Let’s try this scene a different way, shall we?’ _____

________________________________________________________________

12.My mother: ‘You had your tonsils taken out when you were about nine, remember?’ _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Exercise 6. What did these people say? Rewrite the reported versions of some quotations by famous people in direct speech.

1.Al Capone once complained that he had been accused of every death except the casualty list of the World War. _________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________

2.President Woodrow Wilson (28th President of the US 1913–21, Nobel Peace Prize (1919)) once remarked that he would never read a book if it were possible for him to talk for half an hour with the person who wrote it. _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3.Pablo Picasso once claimed that age only mattered when one was ageing. He said that as he had arrived at a great age, he might just as well be twenty. ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4.Jean-Paul Sartre (a French philosopher, playwright, political activist, literary critic) once commented that the world could get along very well without literature and it could get along even better without man. ______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5.A spokesperson from UNESCO stated that since wars had begun inthemindsofmen,itwasinthemindsofmenthatthedefenceofpeacehad to be constructed._________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

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SECTION ONE. GRAMMAR REVISION: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT ONE (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

6.Groucho Marx (an American comedian and TV star, 1890–1977) once asked a club to accept his resignation because he didn’t want to belong to any club that would accept him as member. _______________

____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

7.President John F. Kennedy once told the American people to ask not what their country could do for them, but to ask what they could do for their country. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8.Albert Einstein once said that he knew why there were so many people who loved chopping wood. He explained that in that activity one immediately saw the results _______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

4. Indirect commands/orders/requests

To report commands/orders, we use tell, order, command, forbid (negative). To report requests, we use ask, beg or urge (with urgent requests).

To introduce indirect commands/orders/request, the infinitive is commonly used after the reporting verbs:

‘Open your books at page eleven.’ – The teacher told the students to open their books at page eleven. (Incorrect: The teacher told that the students should open their books at page eleven.)

He forbade us to pass in any of the information to the authorities.

We can use ask for + passive infinitive if we don’t mention the person to whom the command was given:

The cinema manager asked for the culprit to be brought to his office.

Exercise 7. Say what the teacher told the students to do.

e.g. You are not supposed to use your electronic devices during the test. – The teacher forbade the students to use their electronic devices during the test.

1. Open your books at page 45. 2. Retell the text and answer the questions. 3. You should speak distinctly and, please, mind the intonation. 4. Could you repeat the last sentence? 5. You’re

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

supposed to retell the story as if you were one of the characters. 6. This exercise should be done in written form. 7. Don’t peep into your books while writing the vocabulary quiz! 8. You should avoid referring to your notes too often. 9. Save this reference for further work on this theme.

Exercise 8. Translate into English using the grammar patterns above. Make up more Russian sentences for similar translation.

1.Мэри сказала, чтобы я пригласила Паркеров на новоселье.

2.Отец запретил мне общаться с этой компанией. 3. Профессор попросил закончить обсуждение последнего вопроса. 4. Мама велела мне купить всё для пикника. 5. Она умоляла меня никого не слушать. 6. Он сказал сделать пересадку на кольцевой линии.

5. Indirect (reported) questions

We use ask, want to know, would like to know, wonder to report questions. For more formal questions, we use inquire. To report general (closed) questions, use if/whether. To report special (open) questions, use a question word. Note, that there is no inversion in reported questions.

Robert wonders where Mary lives. (Incorrect: Robert is interested where Mary lives.)

She asked if George had been invited. (Note the change of tenses in the reported question due to the sequence of tenses rule.)

Deborah asked whether or not there was a lift in the apartment block. (Incorrect: Debora asked if or not there was a lift in the apartment block.)

Exercise 9. Jill and Peter are talking. What questions did Jill ask Peter? Ask a direct question, then make it indirect. The first sentence is done for you. Work in pairs.

1.… if you know my sister. – Do you know my sister? – Jill asked Peter/Jill wondered if he knew /knows her sister.

2.… what needs to be done next.

3.… who really gave you that ring.

4.… who invited you to the restaurant.

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SECTION ONE. GRAMMAR REVISION: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT ONE (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

5.… if you have finished your project.

6.… if you went to the concert last night.

7.… what the result of your exam was.

8.… which you like best – chicken or turkey.

9.… who you invited to the meeting.

10.… if you have any brothers or sisters.

11.… what you need from the shop.

12.… where you went last week.

13.… if you were pleased with the present.

14.… which comes first – your birthday or your brother’s

15.… if you are playing cricket this weekend.

16.… what really happened to your eye.

17.… whether you speak Italian.

18.… where your friend John lives.

Exercise 10. Use any appropriate question-word and the verb given to complete the question, as in 1. Put in (that) if it is possible to include that.

Why do you say (that) you don’t like Carl? (say)

_______________________ would be a good person to ask? (think)

_______________________ he’ll be arriving? (suppose)

_______________________ I should do to lose weight? (recommend)

_______________________ it is a good time to arrive? (suggest)

_______________________ we should go in town for a good meal? (advise)

_______________________ Max should be asked to resign? (propose)

_______________________ is wrong with Daniel? (suppose)

Exercise 11. Report these questions using a wh-, ifor whetherclause, as appropriate. Make any necessary changes to verb tense, pronouns, etc.

1.‘How much will they pay you?’ She asked me how much they would pay me.

2.‘Will you be coming back later?’ She asked me …

3.‘When do you expect to finish the book?’ She asked me …

4.‘When are you leaving?’ She asked me …

5.‘Where did you get the computer from?’ She asked me …

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S.V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

6.‘Why didn’t you tell me earlier?’ She asked me …

7.‘How do you get to Northfield?’ She asked me …

8.‘Are meals included in the price?’ She asked me …

9.‘What do you want?’ She asked me …

10.‘Are you happy in your new job?’ She asked me …

11.‘What did you think of the performance yesterday?’ She asked me …

12.‘Have you ever eaten snails?’ She asked me …

6. Different patterns with reported questions/answers

Pattern One Mind the structure of the reported questions with ‘do

Pattern Two Parentheses asking for a repetition are introduced without conjunctions. Such sentences have no inversion. If the verb in the parenthesis is in the past, the sequence of tenses rule can be

a)Do not use the conjunction introducing the main clause in the following patterns:

As the speaker said/pointed out/mentioned, teachers’ salaries have risen considerably. (Incorrect: As the speaker said/pointed out/ mentioned, that teachers’ salaries have risen considerably.)

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