Пополняем словарь, совершенствуя грамматику = Target Vocabulary Through Grammar Revision. Учебное пособие

SECTION FOUR. GRAMMAR REVISION: MODAL VERBS (SUPPOSITIONAL MEANING, SPECIFIC USES) TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT SIX (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

18.President Roosevelt knew that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour was planned but let it happen so that he could go to war with the Japanese and Germans.

19.There were civilizations with advanced technology on earth thousands of years ago (which later disappeared).

20.The anti-virus companies produce viruses and spread them on the Internet to make sure people buy their software.

Exercise 6. Translate into English using modal verbs or their equivalents. Use target vocabulary for the words in bold.

1. Очевидно, этот вопрос жизненно важен. 2. Вероятно, он привлечет внимание своих коллегподобным странным пове- дением. 3. Возможно, онтак и не понял суть концепции. 4. Не мо- жет быть, чтобы ты не получил последний номер этого журнала. 5. Должно быть, он просто пропустил эти страницы. 6. Не может быть, чтобы он не набрал большинства голосов. 7. Возможно, брешь в заборе уже заделали. 8. Вряд ли она завоюет его сердце. 9. Не может быть, чтобы она не заметила, как сверкал мой новый бриллиант. 10. Должно быть, нам не суждено больше увидеться.

Exercise 7. Tick the sentences below which express necessity, duty or advice.

e.g. It must be hard work on an oil rig, mustn’t it? (a cross) I must be on my way if you don’t mind. (a tick)

1.The filler must be hard before you can paint over it.

2.You must be joking.

3.It must have been offside (вне игры) because the goal was disallowed.

4.Having to get up so early every morning is really getting me down.

5.A bike is sometimes worth having to beat traffic jams in town.

6.Do you think I ought to give Dad a ring?

7.Should you have any problems with your computer, give me a call.

8.Doctors should respect their patients’ wishes.

9.Are you saying we needn’t have gone to all this trouble anyway?

10.He’d better not be late again!

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

Exercise 8. When giving advice, expressing disapproval or reprimanding somebody, use should. When stating that the action was or will be a waste of time and effort, use need. Follow the model.

Model: John was rude to her, and she was hurt. – John shouldn’t have been rude to her.

He bought a ticket for me but I’ve got one. – He needn’t have bought a ticket for you.

1. I didn’t ask him for permission and he got angry. 2. Why did Felix wait for Mr. Tweed? The question could have been settled without him. 3. I sat up late and didn’t get enough sleep. 4. Mr. Smith signed the paper without reading it and it caused a lot of trouble. 5. Harry produced references but they would have taken him without any. 6. They spoke loudly and woke up the children. 7. George wrote a twenty-page essay, but a ten-page paper would have been sufficient. 8. Michael interfered and spoiled everything. 9. Tom wrote a detailed account. But a brief outline would have been just as good. 10. Tom revealed Mary’s secret and she took offence.

Exercise 9. Tick each of the sentences in which didn’t need to can be replaced with needn’t have + -ed. Explain your choice.

1.It’s sweet of you, but you really didn’t need to buy me flowers.

2.It’s a good job we didn’t need to be here earlier.

3.It was strange that we didn’t need to show our passports.

4.You didn’t need to come and pick me up: I could have got a taxi.

5.There was a sofa in the other room: you didn’t need to sleep on the floor.

6.I didn’t need to use cash as I had my credit card with me.

Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English, use needn’t have or didn’t have to.

1. Питербылрад, чтоемуненужнобылоделатьпересадку. Ока- залось, что до Хельсинки есть прямой поезд. 2. Вам не нужно было делатьпересадку, вымоглибыдоехатьдоХельсинкипоездомпря- мого сообщения. 3. Ему не нужно было ждать директора, заявле- ние подписал секретарь. 4. Вам не нужно было ждать директора,

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SECTION FOUR. GRAMMAR REVISION: MODAL VERBS (SUPPOSITIONAL MEANING, SPECIFIC USES) TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT SIX (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

заявление могбы подписать секретарь. 5. Вам не нужно было про- верять вычисления, программа всё уже проверила, так что вы зря потратили время. 6. Он был рад, что ему не нужно было проверять цифры. 7. Вам не надо былоделатьэто упражнение письменно, за- дание было устным. 8. Мне не нужно было их знакомить, они хо- рошо знали другдруга.

Exercise 11. Tick the pairs of sentences that express approximately the same idea. Put a cross by those where there is clear difference in meaning.

e.g. I may well have been a little late in arriving. It’s quite possible I was a little bit late. (a tick) We may not get there in time for the speeches.

We couldn’t get there in time for the speeches. (a cross)

1.This could be the chance we’ve all been waiting for. This might be the chance we’ve all been waiting for

2.This may very well be the last chance for peace. This might very well be the last chance for peace.

3.That’s probably the postman dropping in the weekly free newspaper.

That’ll be the postman dropping in the weekly free newspaper.

4.They won’t have read our fax yet. I doubt if they’ve read our fax yet.

5.The exam results should be here by now.

The exam results should be here any day now.

6.They must have taken a shortcut to get there. They had to take a shortcut to get there.

7.You could have done yourself a nasty injury. You might have done yourself a nasty injury.

8.The washing machine shouldn’t be making such a strange noise. The washing machine couldn’t be making such a strange noise.

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

Exercise 12. Tick the sentences that are acceptable. Correct the others.

e.g. You might as well come with us if you’ve nothing better to do. (a tick)

1.How much longer do you think that noise will be going on?

2.I don’t think I shall be able to join you until 8.30.

3.Shall I look OK if I wear this?

4.You shall have to put two first-class stamps on this envelope.

5.I think a weekend away would be a good idea.

6.Presumably we would be laughed at if we tried it in public.

7.If he maintains his current rate of progress, he should sail through the exam.

8.Looking like that, he should compare unfavourably with other candidates.

9.According to statistics, smokers shouldn’t live as long as nonsmokers.

Exercise 13. Underline the options that can best complete each of the following sentences. Sometimes only one, sometimes both, are possible.

e.g. They won’t most certainly/most certainly won’t approve of the scheme.

1.He’ll no doubt be/He should be late for the meeting.

2.She shall/She will go on to greater things, I have no doubt.

3.The whole team may as well/might as well give up and go back to carpentry.

4.Will/Shall I in any way be exploited in this new position?

5.I reckon (полагаю) they ought to/might just get the tools down and go home.

6.The outcome might/can rest on this last handful of votes.

7.I have to say that I won’t definitely/definitely won’t attend the meeting.

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SECTION FOUR. GRAMMAR REVISION: MODAL VERBS (SUPPOSITIONAL MEANING, SPECIFIC USES) TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT SIX (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

Exercise 14. Rewrite each of the following sentences using a modal. More than one modal may be possible.

e.g. Is there any chance of my borrowing your Walkman tomorrow afternoon? Can/Could/May I borrow your Walkman tomorrow afternoon?

1.Is it right if I miss the first few minutes of tomorrow’s meeting?

2.I wish my writing in English was better.

3.One day soon, Internet access is sure to be available to every schoolchild.

4.I knew how to swim before I was three.

5.A wasp sting was sometimes a cause of death in those days.

6.These photocopiers have proved to be quite temperamental.

7.The journey here took us twice as long as it needed to.

8.Even if they’d wanted to land at Heathrow, it was impossible because of the fog.

9.And what is this baby doing sitting on my desk, if you don’t mind my asking.

Exercise 15. In each item below one or two options may be possible to complete the sentence. Underline those that are possible.

e.g. I may/might/will be willing to spare you half an hour this afternoon.

1.Might/Can/Would you mind lifting your feet for a moment while I hoover (= vacuum).

2.May/Could/Would you be so kind as to give me some advice?

3.Shall/Will/Can I carry that rather heavy-looking case for you?

4.Will/Could/Can you possibly come back a little later?

5.May/Would/Might you be willing to refund the money we have already paid you?

6.Do you think you will/may/could stand a little further away.

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

Exercise 16. Choose a suitable form of can,could,be able to,manage to or succeed in to complete the sentences below.

1.The manager of the shop was a bit reluctant but in the end I___________ get a refund.

2.It was really annoying: I ___________ get to any of the websites you recommended.

3.What’s her phone number? I __________ remember it.

4.Although Teddy is deaf and mute he ________communicate with the aid of a special computer.

5.They finish the new motorway next month so we __________ get to the coast much more quickly.

6.Most of the big hotels were full, but we ________ find a room in one of those small guesthouses near the station.

7.Would you speak more slowly? I _________ follow what you’re saying.

8.After I move to the country I __________ visit you so often.

9.Over the last few months the government’s fuel tax levy ___________

in generating over a billion pounds in revenue.

10.This new mobile phone is fantastic. It __________ be used anywhere in the world.

11.Sadly, many of the indigenous people __________resist the diseases brought by the European settlers.

12.The non-fiction section __________ be found on the third floor of the library.

Exercise 17. Match the two parts (1–4 and A–D) to form

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SECTION FOUR. GRAMMAR REVISION: MODAL VERBS (SUPPOSITIONAL MEANING, SPECIFIC USES) TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT SIX (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

Exercise 18. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it. You must use a suitable form of can, could, may, or might in each sentence. Follow the model.

Model: I was absolutely thrilled when I heard about your engagement. – I couldn’t have been more thrilled when I heard about your engagement.

1.I’m very angry with you – you knew I was having problems with the car, and you didn’t bother to help me! – You_________________________

__________ ____________________________________________________

2.Twenty years ago my neighbour offered me this apartment for $30,000 but I didn’t buy it. – Twenty years ago __________________________

__________________________________________

3.It would be possible for us to issue the tickets today if you gave us your credit card number. – We _______________________________________

____________________

4.The service in British restaurants is sometimes very surly. – The service _____________________________________________________

5.I’m certain he isn’t responsible for the error, he looks too experienced. – He ____________________________________________________

6.Perhaps the shuttle bus isn’t working at the moment – it is the low season. – The shuttle bus ________________________________________________

7.It’s so annoying! You knew their phone number, but you didn’t give it to me! – You _______________________________________________________

8.Who do you think is making all that noise next door? – Who _____

____________________________________________________________

9.Perhaps Jim took it; he was at the office all day yesterday. – Jim _______________________________________________________________

10.I’m almost sure he has nothing to do with this fraud, he’s an honest man. – He ________________________________________________________

11.Thanks to satellite technology, it is now possible to predict hurricanes quite accurately. – We ______________________________________

______________________________

12.Perhaps there are other intelligent life-forms in the universe. – There ___________________________________________________________________

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

Exercise 19. Complete the dialogue with the best words or phrases from the box. Use each word or phrase once only.

Beth: Hello. Reception said that you wanted a word with me.

Lisa: That’s right I’m interested in joining your gym. What (1)

___________ do?

Beth: OK, first, you (2) ___________ fill in this form. It asks for details about you and your state of health, just to make sure you’re fit enough to use the gym.

Lisa: I have a slight problem with one knee… I twisted it a week ago.

Beth: You really (3) ___________ tell the instructor about that, then he’ll make sure that your fitness programme takes account of it.

Lisa: Fitness programme?

Beth: Yes, if you join, you (4) __________ have an induction session with one of our fitness instructors. He’ll design a programme suited to your level of fitness.

Lisa: Oh, that’s good. Now, It’s £30 a month, isn’t it?

Beth: Well, yes, but that’s the special rate if you take out an annual subscription, so you’re (5) ____________ join for the whole year to get this rate. Otherwise, it’s £40 a month.

Lisa: I see. Yes, I think I’ll join for the year. Is there anything else I should know?

Beth:Let’s see… there are some rules, but they’re pretty obvious. Of course, everyone (6) _________ wear appropriate clothes and footwear. There ‘re lockers outside the gym, so you’re not

(7)_______________ take anything in with you, but we don’t apply that rule very strictly. You’ll probably want to take a towel and a bottle of water in with you anyway: you (8)__________

drink plenty of water while you’re exercising, to prevent dehydration.

Lisa: Yes… are there any restrictions, like (9) ___________ book time ahead in the evening?

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SECTION FOUR. GRAMMAR REVISION: MODAL VERBS (SUPPOSITIONAL MEANING, SPECIFIC USES) TARGET VOCABULARY: UNIT SIX (ARAKIN BOOK, PART V)

Beth:No. You can use the gym whenever it’s open. Obviously, if you think a piece of equipment isn’t working properly and (10) ___________ mending, tell an instructor. Also, for your own good, you (11) ___________ tell us if you feel unsure about how to use a particular machine.

Lisa: Of course. Now, the receptionist said I (12) ____________ provide a photo for The membership card, but I’m afraid I don’t have one on me.

Beth: That’s OK. Bring it next time you come. Until then you can use your receipt as proof of membership.

Exercise 20. For each sentence below, write a new sentence as similar in meaning as possible to the original sentence, but using the word(s) given. The word(s) must not be altered in any way. Follow the model.

Model: It looks certain that the orchestra’s instruments are arriving on a later plane.

must The orchestra’s instruments must be arriving on a later plane.

1.I strongly recommend you to try this sundried tomato bread. must _____________________________________________________________

2.There is no obligation to get an international driving licence for this country.

have ______________________________________________________________

3.It was stupid of the government to try to break the strike. should _______________________________________________________________

4.We didn’t book the table but it didn’t matter as there was hardly anyone in the restaurant anyway.

need __________________________________________________________________

5.My hair is much too long. I’ll have to get it cut soon.

cutting _______________________________________________________________

6.It is essential that you disconnect the gas supply before removing the boiler.

be disconnected _____________________________________________________

7.The management will not permit latecomers to enter the theatre until there is a suitable break.

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С. В. МАЙОРШИНА, Ю. С. КУЗИН. ПОПОЛНЯЕМ СЛОВАРЬ, СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЯ ГРАММАТИКУ

S. V. MAYORSHINA, Y. S. KUZIN. TARGET VOCABULARY THROUGH GRAMMAR REVISION

allowed _______________________________________________________________

8. Why do you have to state ethnic origin on official forms these days?

required ______________________________________________________________

9. There can be no doubt that the solicitor has received the information by now.

must __________________________________________________________________

10.It probably won’t be difficult to get tickets for the first night. should ________________________________________________________________

11.It is essential that patients have not eaten or drunk anything for three hours before the operation.

must __________________________________________________________________

Exercise 21. Fill the blanks with the Target Vocabulary items from the box. Explain the use of the modal verbs.

1.This advertisement should _______________________, you’re very creative.

2.Mary can’t be__________________, everybody in our group loves her idea of skipping across to France for the weekend.

3.Look, there’s ____________in the fence! The burglars must have used it to get to the house.

4.You should have ___________at Michael’s proposal! Why didn’t you?

5.It has become quite a dangerous place, you’d better change

______________of your travel.

6.There could have been a train _____________or a serious car crash down the railway, I saw several ambulances going in the direction of the station, and a police helicopter.

7.You might ___________the shadow and let go the substance. Think twice before making this _____________decision.

8.Tom didn’t even have ________this proposal_______, the Board approved of it immediately.

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