Bridge to clinical psychology. Часть I. Учебное пособие для студентов факультета клинической психологии

7. Read and translate the text:

ABOUT DOCTORS AND ILLNESS

The ordinary doctor (sometimes called a G.P., i.e., general practitioner) is sometimes a physician or a surgeon (i.e. able to perform operations), and quite often he is both physician and surgeon. But if the illness is serious, or the operation is an intricate one, he will advise you to get a specialist. You will go to the specialist – in London almost all of them have their consulting-rooms in or near Harley Street – or he will come to you, and if you have to have an operation he will advise you to go to a hospital or a nursing home where they have all the necessary equipment.

If your teeth need attention, stopping, filling, or extracting, or if you need false teeth (dentures), then you go to a dentist.

If your eyes need attention, you go to an oculist, who will examine them, test your sight to see whether you are suffering from shortsight or long-sight, and will write out a prescription, which you take to an optician, who will then make the necessary glasses for you.

All this you get under the National Health Service.

The common illnesses are: a cough, a cold, influenza («the flu»), sore throat.

Children often get: measles (including «German» measles), mumps, scarlet fever and whooping-cough. You can generally know that a child is not well if it has a temperature (i.e., is above the normal 98.4o Fahrenheit).

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Older people suffer from indigestion, rheumatism, heart troubles and blood-pressure.

Some diseases are infectious or contagious, and great care must be taken by people who have these illnesses, so that they don’t pass them on to other people.

You may have toothache, earache, headache, stomachache.

Then you may get a burn, a scald, or a wound; you may get blood poisoning, or break a bone.

Some of the commonest things used to prevent or cure illnesses are: medicine, pills, powders, ointments, sleeping-draughts, injections, bandages, massage, disinfectants, antiseptics, tablets.

Tasks

I. Study the text and give the English equivalents to the following:

oбычный врач, врач общей практики, хирург, выполнять операции, тяжелое заболевание, врачебные кабинеты, частная лечебница, необходимое оборудование, пломбирование и удаление зубов, зубные протезы, дальнозоркость и близорукость, делать очки, корь и свинка, страдать несварением желудка, предупреждать и излечивать болезни.

II. Study the text and use the correct prepositions in the following:

1. You will go … a specialist … London. 2. He will advise you to go … a hospital or a nursing home. 3. If you are suffering … shortsight or long-sight, he will write … a prescription. 4. An optician will make necessary glasses … you. 5. Great care must be taken … people who have illnesses. 6. Some … the commonest things used to prevent or cure illnesses are medicine, pills, powders, injections and etc. 7. A temperature is … the normal 98.4o Fahrenheit.

III. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones:

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1. The ordinary doctor (sometimes called G. P., i.e. general practitioner) is sometimes an oculist. 2. Quite often general practitioner is both physician and surgeon. 3. If the illness is serious or the operation is an intricate one, he (doctor) will advise you to consult a professor. 4. Almost all specialists have their consulting-rooms in Downing Street. 5. If your teeth need attention, you’ll go to an ordinary doctor. 6. Children often suffer from indigestion, rheumatism, heart trouble and blood pressure. 7. Older people suffer from measles, mumps, scarlet fever, whooping-cough. 8. People may have toothache, earache, headache, stomachache.

IV. Study the text and find modal verbs in it.

V. Study the text and find all the sentences with the first condition. Explain them.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text.

VIII. Render in English:

Берегитесь цветов

В английском медицинском журнале «Ланцет» опубликована статья, содержащая необычное предостережение: не следует дарить больным цветы. Исследование, проведенное на медицинском факультете университета в Майами (США), показало, что уже через час в вазе с цветами появляются опасные бактерии, даже если вода в вазе была совершенно свежая. А через три дня некоторые бактерии приобретают иммунитет к антибиотикам. Поэтому цветы, предупреждает «Ланцет», не следует ставить в палатах, где лежат больные, подвергшиеся хирургическим операциям, лечащиеся от ожогов и вообще тяжелобольные, а также маленькие дети, нуждающиеся в тщательном уходе.

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Доктор, подарите Ваш портрет

Больные выздоравливают быстрее, если в палате на стене висит большая фотография их врача. Такую закономерность выявили эксперименты, проведенные в одной из больниц США. Исследователи предлагают размещать фотографии врачей и в холлах больниц, как это делают с портретами актеров в фойе театров.

IX. Read the following. Make sure that questions and answers are clear to you. Learn them by heart. Use phrases in your own dialogues:

At the Doctor’s When do you call in a doctor?

I call in a doctor when I am ill.

What doctor do we send for?

As a rule we send for a district doctor from the local polyclinic.

In what way does the doctor examine the sick man?

The doctor listens to the patient’s heart and lungs, measures his blood pressure, feels the pulse and takes his temperature.

How often do you take your temperature when you are ill?

When I am ill I usually take my temperature three times a day.

What is the temperature of a sound man?

The temperature of a sound man is 36.6°C.

What does the doctor do after examining the sick man?

After examining the sick man the doctor makes an initial diagnosis and writes out some slips for different tests and some prescriptions for different drugs.

What prescription does the doctor write out?

The doctor writes out some prescriptions for different drugs (pills, powders, drops, mixtures and so on).

What slips does the doctor write out?

The doctor writes out some slips for different tests: blood analysis, urinalysis, X-ray examination, cardiography and others.

Where do we go for a check-up?

We go to the local polyclinic for a check-up.

X. Read, learn by heart and make up your own dialogues:

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HISTORY TAKING What is the history of the patient?

History of the patient is the complete information about the patient and the course of the disease, received while questioning a patient or his relatives in case of children and very sick patients.

What is the history of the patient used for?

It is used for making a correct diagnosis and administration of a proper treatment.

In what way is the history of the patient taken?

The history is taken according to a definite plan. First of all the doctor asks the patient the passport data. Then the doctor is interested in the chief complaints of the patient. Then comes the history of the present illness and the life history. The good communication between a doctor and a patient is essential in taking a history.

No medical terms should be used that a patient cannot understand. All instructions should be clear and simple.

What passport data does the doctor ask the patient?

The doctor asks the patient his name, address, age, marital status, nationality, occupation.

What types of anamneses do you know?

I know anamneses morbi, that is the history of present illness and anamneses vitae, that is the life history.

What is the history of the present illness?

The history of the present illness is a logically developed story of symptoms accurately described, as to the time of the onset, mode of onset, duration and reaction to the symptoms.

What is the life history?

The life history, or anamnesis vitae, includes past illnesses, personal history and the family history.

What information do the questions on the past illnesses include?

Questions on the past illnesses include those about diseases of childhood, serious diseases such as diabetes, anemia, and tumors. The physician is also interested if the patient has had injuries or if he has been operated on.

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What questions does the personal history embrace?

The personal history embraces some questions about:

marital status, for example, duration, health of partner, number of children, their age;

habits, for example, alcohol, tobacco, sedatives, sleeping habits; occupation, for example, present and past work, exposure to oc-

cupational hazards, emotional satisfaction and so on.

Why should special attention be paid to the problems of possible occupational hazards?

There may be a number of occupational hazards at the patient’s enterprise, such as lead, mercury, acid, arsenic, benzol and others. The patient may be exposed to effect of noise, dust and some radioactive substances. All of them influence health negatively and may be the cause of different diagnoses. For example, exposure to dust may cause asthma, exposure to noise may induce deafness. That is why it is essential for a doctor to be informed about such occupational hazard.

What does the family history concern?

The family history concerns all the patient’s relatives and cases of such diseases as hypertension, TB, cancer, apoplexy as well as nervous and mental diseases current in the family.

What additional questions may the physician ask?

The physician may ask additional questions about different parts of the body which are under examination, for example, about the head, the respiratory or cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract and so on.

Why is it necessary to take the patient’s history?

It is necessary to take the patient’s history because it makes it possible to interpret the objective data in the right way and understand better the character of the various pathological process.

What questions does a physician ask the patient while taking a) family history

While taking a family history a physician usually asks the patient the following questions:

Are your parents alive?

What caused your father death?

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Do you have any brothers or sisters? Are they in good health?

Does diabetes or TB or any heart trouble run in your family? Has anyone in your family ever had tumor?

b) personal history

While taking a personal history a physician usually asks the pa-

What occupational hazards are there at your enterprise? c) history of present illness

While taking a history of present illness a physician usually ask a

What instructions and commands are usually given during examination?

During medical examination the following instructions and commands are usually given:

Come in, please.

I am going to give you a physical examination. Strip to the waist, please.

Lie down on the couch. Don’t move.

Bend your knees.

Give me your right hand. I’ll check up your blood pressure. Open your mouth and show me your tongue.

Try not to tighten up. Breathe, don’t breathe.

Show me the place where you have the pain. Put on your clothes.

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UNIT 14: THE SIX ASPECTS OF HEALTH

Grammar: 1. The Active and Passive Voice. 2. The Participle

Word-building: I and the Gerund.

Suffixes: -ness, -th, -ence, -ment, -al.

Tasks

1. Read and translate the following sentences, analyse them:

1.I read books every day. 2. Books are read by me every day.

3.I read the book yesterday. 4. The book was read by me yesterday. 5. I was read the books every day. 6. I am read my books every day. 7. He cleans the waiting-room. 8. The waiting room is cleaned by a hospital cleaner. 9. Ann collects the tickets. 10. The tickets are collected by Ann. 11. Dr. Brown teaches the medical students.

12.The medical students are taught by Dr. Brown.

2.Form the Present Participle from the following verbs: include, exclude, contribute, keep, stimulate, find, deal, see, cope.

3.Read aloud and analyse the following word combinations:

reading boy, running water, operating room, skating rink, operating table, visiting nurse, washing machine, attending doctor, boiling water, smiling baby, living room, falling snow, smoking man, playing children.

4. Read and translate the following sentences:

1.Reading is useful. 2. Sending telegrams doesn’t take much time.

3.Writing exercises must be useful. 4. He enjoys working at the hospital. 5. She finishes working with them. 6. He stopped talking. 7. On arriving in Moscow he sent a telegram. 8. Before leaving hospital he thanked his attending doctor. 9. Without saying anything he went away.

5.Read, translate and analyse the following «-ing-forms»:

1. I hate having nothing to do. 2. I like watching local matches on the village green. 3. In summer, I watch the cricket. It is a very relax-

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ing game. 4. I was talking to some friends, chatting about our holiday plans. 5. She works for an advertising agency. 6.It was freezing cold, minus 12 degrees. 7. For some minutes he stood motionless, looking critically at his work. 8. Now, she hasn’t started cooking yet, and it’s getting late. 9. Bad weather is causing problems. 10. He was not aware of behaving strangely. 11. She had been knocked down by a car and had died withing a few minutes of arriving there. 12. He found a parking space in the multi-storey car park. 13. I paid for the parking and got my exit ticket. 14. The lift started moving. 15. We could hear a voice in the distance, saying «Hallo».

6. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

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autonomy – автономность, саexpance of life – продолжитель-

THE SIX ASPECTS OF HEALTH

The term wellness is often used to describe a broader view of good health. Wellness includes not only physical well-being but also emotional, social, personal, mental and spiritual fitness as well. Being healthy is more than just managing to stay out of a doctor’s office. Much, much more.

Physical Health

-Includes keeping your body fit.

-Includes total care of your body and meeting the demands of life every day.

-Encourages cardiovascular flexibility and strength.

-Encourages knowledge about food and nutrition.

-Discourages the use of tobacco, drugs and excessive alcohol consumption.

-Encourages activities which contribute to a high level of wellness, including medical selfcare and appropriate use of the medical system.

Emotional Health

-Includes expressing your emotions in a healthy way.

-Includes facing life’s problems and dealing with its pressures, or stresses.

-Includes the degree to which one feels positive and enthusiastic about one self and life.

-Includes the capacity to manage one’s feelings and related behaviours including the realistic assessment of one’s limitations, development of autonomy and ability to cope effectively with stress.

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