- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Comprehension
- •I.Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter II The Law and its Importance
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian .
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •IX. Translate the sentences from Russian into English with the active vocabulary.
- •I. Read the extract, discuss it and give your definition of law.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of these expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expression on the left (a) with their proper translations on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word- combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences into English using the Active Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the questions about the text:
- •II. Read the part “Common Law” and say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Read the part “Equity”. In pairs find different information.
- •IV. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •V. Discuss these issues.
- •VI. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter IV The Invisible Palace Part II The Constitution
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following words and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words and word combination on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box, if necessary.
- •X Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true of false
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabuary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concepts of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the text from English into Russian.
- •1918 Chapter 47
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the text from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter VII Our Law Upholders – the Judiciary
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate these sentences from Russian into English paying attention to the Passive voice.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word–combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XII
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •Imelda marcos acquitted
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
- •II. Answer the question about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in the sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words in the box and answer the questions after the article.
- •IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Comment on the case.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •I. Analyze the following sentences paying attention to the use of the modal verbs and their equivalents. Explain their meaning. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word - combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with the definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box if necessary.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Remember if these juridical noun-terms from Chapter 21 are countable, uncountable or both.
- •II. Give your own examples illustrating the fact that the nouns from the 3d column can be both countable and uncountable.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information on the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Part II Chapter 6 Our Chief Law Enforces – the Police
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •I. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •II. Do a written translation of the following sentences analysing the use of the Gerund.
- •III. Translate the following attributive groups:
- •IV. Explain the use of Perfect forms in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. What do you make of the article? Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •1. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Read the following nouns pronouncing them correctly:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following phrases in the text:
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •III. Now translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether each of these statements is true or false. Correct the wrong statements if any.
- •II. Answer these questions.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest word combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Look up in the dictionary the meanings of the following words:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following sentence in the text:
- •III. Draw up a plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate into English Using Conditionals and Complex Subject:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter XVI Punishment Through the Ages
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions and adverbs from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XVII Criminal Trials Today
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •1. Analyse Chapter 17 paying attention to the modal verbs used in the text. Which modal verbs are used more frequently then others in Chapter 17? Could you try to explain why?
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scan the passage Purposes of Sentencing and find the following.
- •VI. Read the text Community Sentences carefully and find the information to complete the table below.
- •VII. Read all the texts again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •V. Match the phrases on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •VI. Complete the sentences with the phrases in column a in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Choose the word or phase from the pairs given below which best completes each of the following sentences. Make changes in the form, where necessary.
- •VIII. Put make or do into each gap.
- •IX. Complete the following sentences with the expressions above in the correct form and translate them into Russian.
- •I. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. Add an appropriate preposition, where necessary
- •II. Change the following sentences as in the example. Choose an appropriate infinitive form and translate new sentences into Russian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •I. Answer these questions about the text
- •IV. Working in pairs discuss the following questions.
- •General English Vocabulary
Vocabulary Notes
Young persons
children - 1) progeny; offspring of parentage; unborn or recently born human being; at common law one who had not attained the age of fourteen years, though the meaning now varies in different statutes [BLD]; 2) as a technical term, in legal instruments, “child” was always construed to mean a legitimate, as opposed to an illegitimate, child [JDEL]; 3) for the purpose of the Children Act 1989, a person under the age of 18. In criminal matters a child relates to an offender under the age of 14 (see Children and Young Persons Act 1969) [OCLD]. - (термин суда по семейным делам) 1) ребёнок, согласно Акту о детях 1989 г., человек, не достигший 18 лет; как специальный термин в юридических документах “child” всегда толковался как законный ребёнок, противопоставляясь незаконному ребёнку; 2) нерождённый или недавно рождённый человеческий ребёнок; 3) потомство; отпрыск по происхождению; 4) в общем/традиционном некодифицированном праве Великобритании тот, кто не достиг 14 лет, хотя сейчас значение варьируется в различных положениях; 5) по уголовным делам ребёнком считается нарушитель, не достигший 14 лет.
first offender - someone who has been officially judged to be guilty of a crime for the first time [CALD]; one convicted of an offense for the first time [MW] - несовершеннолетний, впервые совершивший правонарушение
infant - [Lat. infans, one who cannot speak] a person under eighteen years of age… A person who is not full of age may be described as a minor instead of as an infant… In the terminology formerly employed in probate practice, an infant was a person under the age of seven years, as opposed to a minor, who was a person between the age of seven and twenty-one years… [JDEL, с. 967-969] - (термин гражданского права) (лат. infans «тот, кто не может говорить») человек, не достигший 18 лет; в предыдущей терминологии в практике официального утверждения завещания судом “an infant” был человеком, не достигшим 7 лет, а “a minor” называли человека в возрасте между 7 и 21 годом; несовершеннолетний
juvenile - a young person who has not yet attained the age at which he or she should be treated as an adult for purposes of criminal law. In some states, this age is seventeen. Under the federal Juvenile Delinquency Act, a “juvenile” is a person who has not attained his eighteenth birthday… [BLD, с. 867] - (термин суда по уголовным делам) юный человек, не достигший возраста, в котором к нему или к ней будут относиться как ко взрослому в рамках уголовного права; в некоторых штатах этот возраст наступает в 17 лет; согласно федеральному Акту о подростковой преступности, a “juvenile” («подросток») – это человек, которому ещё не исполнилось 18 лет; малолетний
juvenile delinquent /dɪ'lɪŋkwənt/ - a child or young person who behaves in a criminal way; synonym young offender [LEC]; a young person who commits crimes [CALD] - малолетний преступник; несовершеннолетний преступник; несовершеннолетний делинквент
minor - An infant or person who is under the age of legal competence. A term derived from the civil law, which described a person under a certain age as less than so many years. In most states, a person is no longer a minor after reaching the age of 18 (though state laws might still prohibit certain acts until reaching a greater age; e.g. purchase of liquor) [BLD, с. 997] - (термин гражданского права) малолетний; ребёнок как человек, не достигший возраста юридической компетенции; термин, взятый из гражданского права, описывал человека, не достигшего определённого возраста «меньше, чем столько-то лет»; во многих штатах “a person” больше не расценивается как a minor («несовершеннолетний») после достижения 18 лет; несовершеннолетний, малолетний
under-18s noun - не достигшие 18
young defendant - The party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. In some types of cases (such as a divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent [dictionary.law.com]; the person against whom a lawsuit is filed [NPELD]; the party against whom a criminal or civil action is brought [research.lawyers.com/glossary] - (термин гражданского и уголовного права; термин Суда Короны) малолетний ответчик, малолетний подсудимый, малолетний обвиняемый
young offender - a young criminal, esp. a first offender, also called youthful offender, youth offender [dictionaryreference.com]; a criminal in Britain who is not an adult according to the law [LEC] - преступник юного возраста; малолетний правонарушитель; преступник, который, согласно праву, ещё не является взрослым, но уже больше и не ребёнок (описательный, а технико-юридический термин); термин, применяемый в Великобритании к преступникам старше 14 лет [АРЮС, с. 303]
young person - (термин уголовного права) несовершеннолетний, несовершеннолетняя (до 18 лет)
Other notes
the Children Act (1989) - An Act to reform the law relating to children; to provide for local authority services for children in need and others; to amend the law with respect to children’s homes, community homes, voluntary homes and voluntary organizations; to make provision with respect to fostering, child minding and day care for young children and adoption; and for connected purposes [16th November 1989] - [www.opsi.gov.uk] Законодательный Акт 1989 г.по реформе детского права
the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 - An Act to make provision for preventing crime and disorder; to create certain racially-aggravated offences; to abolish the rebuttable presumption that a child is doli incapax and to make provision as to the effect of a child’s failure to give evidence at his trial; to abolish the death penalty for treason and piracy; to make changes to the criminal justice system; to make further provision for dealing with offenders; to make further provision with respect to remands and committals for trial and the release and recall of prisoners; to amend Chapter I of Part II of the Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 and to repeal Chapter I of Part III of the Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997; to make amendments designed to facilitate, or otherwise desirable in connection with, the consolidation of certain enactments; and for connected purposes [31st July 1998] [www.opsi.gov.uk]. - Законодательный акт о преступлениях и беспорядках 1998 г. – акт по предотвращению преступной деятельности и беспорядков
the Adoption and Children Act (2002) - An Act to restate and amend the law relating to adoption; to make further amendments of the law relating to children; to amend section 93 of the Local Government Act 2000; and for connected purposes [7th November 2002] [www.opsi.gov.uk] - Законодательный акт по вопросам детей и их усыновлению/удочерению. Акт от 7 ноября 2002 г., в котором был переформулирован и улучшен закон, связанный с усыновлением/удочерением
a Practice Direction (February 2000) (Trial of Children and Young Persons in the Crown Court) - 1. This Practice Direction applies to trials of children and young persons in the Crown Court. Effect should be given to it forthwith. In it children and young persons are together called "young defendants".; 2. The steps which should be taken to comply with this Practice Direction should be judged, in any given case, taking account of the age, maturity and development (intellectual and emotional) of the young defendant on trial and all other circumstances of the case.; The overriding principle 3. Some young defendants accused of committing serious crimes may be very young and very immature when standing trial in the Crown Court. The purpose of such trial is to determine guilt (if that is in issue) and decide the appropriate sentence if the young defendant pleads guilty or is convicted… [www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/cms/926.htm]. - Практическое руководство/инструкция (от 16 февраля 2000 г.)
a Special Guardianship order - The Adoption and Children Act 2002 introduces a completely new court order, Special Guardianship, intended to provide another option for legal permanence for children who cannot grow up with their birth families. A Special Guardianship Order gives the special guardian legal parental responsibility for the child which is expected to last until the child is 18. But unlike Adoption Orders, these orders do not remove parental responsibility from the child’s birth parents, although their ability to exercise it is extremely limited… [www.baaf.org.uk (British Association for Adoption & Fostering]. - Распоряжение о специальном опекунстве (или специальной опеке) введёно Законодательным актом по вопросам детей и их усыновлению/удочерению от 2002 г. и является совершенно новым судебным распоряжением, нацеленным на предоставление другой возможности для правовой стабильности для детей, которые не могут расти в их родных семьях.
the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) - The Crown Prosecution Service was set up in 1986 to prosecute criminal cases investigated by the police in England and Wales. The CPS was created by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. The CPS exists to ensure that wrongdoers are brought to justice, victims of crime are supported and that people feel safer in their communities. In undertaking this role, the CPS: advises the police on cases for possible prosecution; reviews cases submitted by the police for prosecution; where the decision is to prosecute, determines the charge in all but minor cases; prepares cases for court; presents those cases at court… [www.cps.gov.uk]. - Служба уголовного преследования (правительственное ведомство, основанное в 1885 г. для обеспечения работы директора государственного обвинения; в компетенцию ведомства входят ведение дел по любым уголовным преступлениям за исключением тех, которые попадают под юрисдикцию Бюро по борьбе с мошенничеством в особо крупных размерах).
the Child and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS) - CAFCASS was set up on 1st April 2001 under the provisions of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act which brought together the family court services previously provided by the Family Court Welfare Service, the Guardian ad Litem Service and the Children’s Division of the Official Solicitor’s Office. They work within the strategic objectives agreed by their sponsor department and contribute to wider government objectives relating to children. CAFCASS is independent of the courts, social services, education and health authorities and all similar agencies. [www.cafcass.gov.uk]. - Служба судебной консультации поддержки по вопросам детей и семьи CAFCASS была основана 1 апреля 2001 г. и является независимой от судов, системы социального обеспечения, властей по вопросам образования и здравоохранения и других подобных агентств.
the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) - On 8 July 1884, The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established. Lord Shaftesbury was appointed as president and the Reverend Benjamin Waugh and Reverend Edward Rudolf as joint honorary secretaries. At the 1889 annual general meeting the Society changed its name to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Queen Victoria became Patron and Waugh was appointed as director. The NSPCC was founded in 1884 and its vision is still to end cruelty to children in the UK. The NSPCC has helped more than 10 million children in the UK… [www.nspcc.org.uk]. - Национальное общество по предотвращению жестокости к детям или Национальное общество защиты детей от жестокого обращения 8 июля 1884 г. было основано The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. На ежегодном общем собрании 1889 г. Общество поменяло название на The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Основной целью Общества до сих пор является прекращение причинения насилия детям.
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is a comprehensive, internationally binding agreement on the rights of children, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989. It incorporates children’s: civil and political rights (like their treatment under the law); social, economic and cultural rights (like an adequate standard of living); and protection rights (from abuse and exploitation). A child is defined in the UNCRC as a person under the age of 18 years [www.childrensrights.ie]. - Конвенция Организации Объединённых Наций по правам ребёнка. Это всеобъемлющее, международное обязательное соглашение по правам детей, принятое Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН в 1989 г. Она объединяет права детей по: гражданским и политическим вопросам (например, как с ними обращаются в соответствии с законом); социальным, экономическим и культурным вопросам (например, отвечающий требованиям стандарт жизни), и правовой защите (от жестокого обращения и эксплуатации). Согласно данной Конвенции, ребёнком является лицо моложе 18 лет.
Youth Justice System. The Supervision Order - The following order only applies to those young people who committed an offence before 30 November 2009. It has been replaced by, and is now part of, the Youth Rehabilitation Order. A Supervision Order can last up to three years. A range of conditions can be attached to a Supervision Order when the sentence is used for more serious offences. These are called 'specified activities' and can last for up to 90 days. Examples of 'specified activities' might be participation in Intensive Supervision and Surveillance (ISS), drug treatment (for young people aged 16+), curfews or residence requirements, which might require a young person to live in local authority accommodation for the period of the sentence… [www.yjb.gov.uk/engb/yjs/SentencesOrdersandAgreements].
Reading Comprehension
Exercises
Scanning
Look through the first two pages of the Chapter and illustrate the correlation of 7 terms naming young people up to the age of 18 and the names of the courts.
Scan the part YOUNG PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME. Describe the changes that were brought by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and illustrate the role of parents or appropriate adults in the cautioning and prosecution procedures.
Read quickly the part YOUNG PERSONS AS VICTIMS OF CRIME and describe the exact procedure of protecting by the law a child who has been the victim of crime, who has been harmed physically, sexually, or emotionally.
Look through the part CHILDREN AND THE FAMILY and name the components of the Children Act 1989 by which the courts are guided in the best interests of the child (general principles, range of options for dealing with the ranges of cases).
Scan the part ADOPTION and name useful additions or amendments that the Adoption and Children Act 2002 implemented for improving the performance of the adoption service.
Skimming
Look more thoroughly through the first part of the chapter and decide what it is devoted to.
the enumeration of certain things that children cannot do
the enumeration of legal prohibitions for children until they acquire full legal status
the rights and responsibilities of children
Look more closely through the end of the Chapter and decide which of the following statements renders the main idea of the given part.
“UN Convention on the rights of the child” reflects the interaction of official groups (the police, doctors, schools and the courts), government and the State with children.
In “UN Convention on the rights of the child” the obligations of the society to children are describe in detail.
In “UN Convention on the rights of the child” the rights of the child are detailed.