- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading Comprehension
- •I.Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter II The Law and its Importance
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian .
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •IX. Translate the sentences from Russian into English with the active vocabulary.
- •I. Read the extract, discuss it and give your definition of law.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of these expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expression on the left (a) with their proper translations on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word- combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences into English using the Active Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the questions about the text:
- •II. Read the part “Common Law” and say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Read the part “Equity”. In pairs find different information.
- •IV. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •V. Discuss these issues.
- •VI. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter IV The Invisible Palace Part II The Constitution
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following words and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words and word combination on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box, if necessary.
- •X Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true of false
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabuary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concepts of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the text from English into Russian.
- •1918 Chapter 47
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the text from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter VII Our Law Upholders – the Judiciary
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate these sentences from Russian into English paying attention to the Passive voice.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word–combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XII
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •Imelda marcos acquitted
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
- •II. Answer the question about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in the sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b)
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Match the words and word combinations on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words in the box and answer the questions after the article.
- •IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Comment on the case.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
- •I. Analyze the following sentences paying attention to the use of the modal verbs and their equivalents. Explain their meaning. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Working in pairs find the information on the following themes.
- •V. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions:
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word - combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with the definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box if necessary.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Remember if these juridical noun-terms from Chapter 21 are countable, uncountable or both.
- •II. Give your own examples illustrating the fact that the nouns from the 3d column can be both countable and uncountable.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •IV. Discuss the following issues.
- •V. Find the information on the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Part II Chapter 6 Our Chief Law Enforces – the Police
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •I. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •II. Do a written translation of the following sentences analysing the use of the Gerund.
- •III. Translate the following attributive groups:
- •IV. Explain the use of Perfect forms in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. What do you make of the article? Answer the questions about the text.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •1. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Read the following nouns pronouncing them correctly:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following phrases in the text:
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •III. Now translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •I. Say whether each of these statements is true or false. Correct the wrong statements if any.
- •II. Answer these questions.
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest word combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Look up in the dictionary the meanings of the following words:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Find the following sentence in the text:
- •III. Draw up a plan for rendering the text and then summarise it.
- •IV. Discuss these issues.
- •Vocabulary List
- •I. Scanning.
- •II. Skimming.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •I. Translate into English Using Conditionals and Complex Subject:
- •I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •II. Answer the questions about the text.
- •V. Find the information in the Internet on the following themes and make presentations in class.
- •Chapter XVI Punishment Through the Ages
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary Work
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions and adverbs from the box.
- •X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •II. Answer these questions about the text.
- •III. Discuss these issues.
- •Chapter XVII Criminal Trials Today
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Scanning
- •II. Skimming
- •Vocabulary Work
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
- •V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
- •VI. Match the words on the left (a) with their definitions on the right (b) and give their Russian equivalents.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •1. Analyse Chapter 17 paying attention to the modal verbs used in the text. Which modal verbs are used more frequently then others in Chapter 17? Could you try to explain why?
- •III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Scan the passage Purposes of Sentencing and find the following.
- •VI. Read the text Community Sentences carefully and find the information to complete the table below.
- •VII. Read all the texts again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.
- •Vocabulary Work
- •I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences.
- •III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
- •V. Match the phrases on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •VI. Complete the sentences with the phrases in column a in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Choose the word or phase from the pairs given below which best completes each of the following sentences. Make changes in the form, where necessary.
- •VIII. Put make or do into each gap.
- •IX. Complete the following sentences with the expressions above in the correct form and translate them into Russian.
- •I. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. Add an appropriate preposition, where necessary
- •II. Change the following sentences as in the example. Choose an appropriate infinitive form and translate new sentences into Russian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •I. Answer these questions about the text
- •IV. Working in pairs discuss the following questions.
- •General English Vocabulary
Vocabulary Work
Exercises
I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
1. seize power; 2. overthrow the system; 3. consider with special care; 4. suffer injustice; 5. excursion; 6. public spirited citizen; 7. break confidentiality; 8. in sb’s favour (n); 9. the defence is unlikely to succeed; 10. however great the pressure; 11. road accident; 12. claim compensation; 13. rule of evidence; 14. advocacy; 15. be entitled to.
II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text.
1. возмущаться при выплате гонорара; 2. быть на чьей-л. стороне; 3. быть на ножах с кем-л.; 4. претерпевать изменения; 5. зарабатывать прожиточный минимум; 6. пострадавший; 7. признавать (ся), сознаваться; 8. заявить (предъявить, вчинить, возбудить) иск; возбудить судебное дело, судебный процесс; 9. пособие за счёт благотворительных фондов; 10. не принять иск к рассмотрению; 11. халатность; 12. решение суда о возмещении убытков; 13. применение (права, закона и т.д.); 14. гражданские свободы; 15. благотворительное общество или учреждение.
III. Match the expressions on the left (a) with their proper translation on the right (b).
|
A |
B |
|
1. branch |
a. находящийся в затруднительном положении с профессиональной точки зрения |
|
2. living wage |
b. совпадение воль, согласие |
|
3. lenient sentence |
c. отрасль, разновидность |
|
4. consent |
d. бесплатный совет |
|
5. loyalty |
e. снятое обвинение |
|
6. professionally embarrassed |
f. лояльность, верность; соблюдение права, законов |
|
7. free advice |
g. возмещение, взыскание убытков; убытки |
|
8. quashed conviction |
h. функционирование системы |
|
9. damage |
i. прожиточный минимум |
|
10. running of a system |
j. мягкий приговор, мягкое наказание |
IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
1. person who brings a case in a civil court;
2. person who is making or defending a claim in a court of law;
3. person against whom a claim is brought in a civil court;
4. anyone who seeks the advice and help of a solicitor or a barrister;
5. person who has seen a crime, accident, etc. and can describe it afterwards.
V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest the word-combinations in which these words can be used.
1. institution where law students, as part of their training, help people with their legal problems; 2. disobeying a court order; 3. fighting a case in court; 4. payments received by lawyers for their work; 5. legal fees in any court case
Match the words on the left (A) with their definitions on the right (B) and give their Russian equivalents.
|
A |
B |
|
1. Law Office |
a. state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial |
|
2. House of Lords |
b. money compensation |
|
3. Lord Chief Justice |
c. special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has |
|
4. Court of Appeal |
d. court which is divided into a Civil Division and a Criminal Division |
|
5. judgement |
e. chief judge of the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court |
|
6. damage |
f. institution where qualified solicitors employed outside the profession may give advice to members of the public |
|
7. defence |
g. final court of appeal in the UK in both civil and criminal cases |
|
8. custody |
h. what is said in a court of law to prove that a person did not commit a crime |
|
9. evidence |
i. information that is used in a court of law to try to prove sth |
|
10. privilege |
j. decision of a court of law or a judge |
Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
1. Lawyers are there to represent people, not to judge them.
2. A lawyer must not make up a fictional defence for a client out of his own head, or defend someone who tells him that he has committed the crime.
3. If the lawyer knows that his client is guilty, and the client refuses to plead guilty, the lawyer becomes what is known as “professionally embarrassed”.
4. In a criminal trial it is the duty of the prosecution to disclose to the defence anything in their possession that may assist the defence.
5. The judge must warn the jury that it is always possible for identifications to be mistaken and that they must consider that type of evidence with special care.
Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
|
1. solicitors; 2. barristers; 3. legal aid; 4.duty; 5. a living wage; 6. my learned friend; 7. the winning side; 8. legal privilege; 9. damages; 10. an “immunity from suit”; 11. branches
|
1. In England the legal profession is divided into two types of lawyers, called _______ and _______.
2. It is said that there are two _______ of legal profession.
3. Whenever lawyers of any kind appear together in court, they always refer to one another as _______
4. They have a “_______ to the Court” to behave honourably, and not to do anything which they know will mislead the court and harm the interests of justice.
5. Many young lawyers find it a struggle to earn _______.
6. If the lawyers lose a case, they will usually be ordered to pay the costs of _______.
7. _____ is now recognized to be one of the most important social advances of the last century.
8. If the client wins the case and is awarded _______ (money compensation), they will receive a percentage of these winnings.
9. If someone confesses a crime to his doctor or priest, or to a newspaper reporter, there is no _______.
10. Until recently lawyers too enjoyed an important privilege – _______
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.
_____________________________________________________________________________
In (10); on; of (10); with (2); to (3); into (2); at; for (4); by; without; from
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. However close lawyers may be as personal friends, they must never allow their friendship to get __ the way of doing their duty __ behalf of their clients.
2. Lawyers representing opposite sides __ a case must act honourably __ the best interests __ justice.
3. Anyone who is charged __ a crime and who denies being involved __ it should have a fair trial.
4. If a person accused __ crime admits it __ his lawyer, the lawyer does then know he is guilty, and he must advise him to plead guilty.
5. If he is taken __ custody (kept __ a police station), the police must offer to arrange __ his representation immediately.
6. They researched the case of Alex Allen, who had been convicted __ robbery and sentenced __ eight years’ imprisonment.
7. This scheme is now an important part __ the civil justice system, particularly __ the case __ claims __ damages __ personal injuries.
8. The privilege is that a lawyer must not reveal what he or she has been told __ the client __ the course __ preparing a case, __ the client’s consent.
9. The possibility __ a claim __ negligence might inhibit the lawyer __ acting __ accordance __ his overriding duty __ the court.
10. The House of Lords took all of these matters __ account, and decided that __ practice it would only be __ a very plain case __ neglect __ the conduct __ a case __ court that a client could ever be successful.
Translate into English using your active vocabulary.
1. Существуют кодексы профессиональной этики, которые предусматривают, что, находясь в здании суда, они [юристы] должны быть всегда учтивы друг с другом.
2. Многие важные достижения в области гражданских свобод личности обязаны своим существованием юристам, которые бесстрашно проводили судебный процесс, несмотря на оказываемое на них давление.
3. Юрист никогда не должен создавать клиенту вымышленную защиту, используя свою собственную фантазию, а также защищать человека, говорящего о том, что он совершил преступление и повинен в нем.
4. Развитие права происходит вследствие неустанной работы юристов, которые поверили в то, что их подзащитные пострадали от несправедливости.
5. Любому лицу, арестованному и обвиненному в совершении серьезного уголовного преступления, и которое не может себе позволить оплатить услуги защиты, будет дано право попросить предоставления юридической консультации
Grammar Revision
Exercises
Translate the sentences from English into Russian paying attention to the meaning and function of the word ‘it’.
1. An argument which does not convince yourself may convince the judge; and if it does convince him, why, then, Sir, you are wrong and he is right!
2. A lawyer must not make up a fictional defence for a client out of his own head, or defend someone who tells him that he has committed the crime and is guilty of it.
3. In a criminal trial it is the duty of the prosecution to disclose to the defence anything in their possession which may assist the defence.
4. If a person accused of crime admits it to his lawyer, the lawyer does then know he is guilty, and he must advise him to plead guilty.
5. Each of these rules is an outstanding example of a situation where the development of the law is almost entirely due to the tireless work of lawyers who have believed that defendants have suffered injustice, and who have dedicated themselves to proving it.
6. Legal aid may also be granted in some civil cases, though it is a matter of great concern that the scope of legal aid to fund civil litigation has been considerably reduced.
7. In 1999, a new scheme was launched by the College of Law, the largest training institution for lawyers in the country. It is sponsored by a number of large firms of solicitors.
8. A judge would not wish them to break any understanding of confidentiality, but if he considers it essential in the interests of justice he will order them to do so.
9. This old law was changed, but the change is a very limited one. The court made it clear that just because a client was dissatisfied with his lawyer, this would not give him the right to sue.
10. It seems obviously right that if a doctor gives a wrong type of treatment, the patient should be able to claim compensation.
Speaking
Exercises