1. Translate the following text in a written form.

Law serves a variety of functions. Laws against crimes help to maintaina peaceful and orderly society. Property and contract laws facilitate business activities and private planning. Laws limiting the powers of government help to provide some degree of freedom that would not otherwise be possible. Law has also been used as a mechanism for social change, for example, laws have been passed to inhibit social discrimination and to improve the quality of individual life in matters of health, education and welfare. Public law concerns the relationships within government and those between governments and individuals. The development of administrative law is comparatively recent. Numerous state administrative agencies now make rules that reach into all manner of activities, including licensing, regulation of trades and professions, protection of health and promotion of welfare. Laws concerning taxation and the regulation of business are in the public area, as is criminal law, which involves the exercise of governmental power by way of enforcement and punishment. Public law dominates in government-controlled societies. Democratic societies have a mix of public and private law.

Criminal law is concerned with the general well being and the civil law with individual rights and duties.However, it might be wrong to classify an individual act as being either a civil or a criminal wrong. Many acts are both. It is not in the act itself that the distinction lies but in the consequences which may follow from it.

The activities embraced by the criminal law extend from treason, murder and rape at one end to exporting antiques without a licence, failing to sign your driving licence and conversing with a bus driver at the other.

It should be understood that while the criminal law comprises most of what an average citizen imagines as the law (at least at first), the civil law is a vast thing – a thousand years old and still growing. The more important areas within civil law scope include contract law, which in its applied aspects includes the sale of goods and services, credit, hire-purchase, contracts of employment and landlord and tenant agreements. The civil law also includes the law of tort – the term for actions in negligence, nuisance, defamation, trespass and others. Furthermore, it also includes property law, the law of succession, most of family law and the law of trusts.

2. Put 10 special questions to the text above.

3. Carry out the following assignments in grammar.

4) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.

1. Look at the sky: the clouds … (to move) slowly, the sun … (to appear) from behind the clouds, it… (to get) warmer.

2. I … (not to drink) milk now. I … (to write) an exercise. I … (not to write) a letter now.

3. My sister … (to get) up at eight o'clock. She … (to be) a school-girl. She … (to speak) French well. She … (to go) to school in the afternoon. My sister … (to eat) a lot of sweets every day. She … (not to eat) sweets now. In the evening we … (to gather) in the living-room. We … (to watch) TV and … (to talk). I … (to read) books in the evening. I … (not to read) books in the morning.

4. How is your brother? - He is not well yet, but his health … (to prove) day after day. He … (to play) now?

5) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.

1. When you … (to seе) the judge? - I … (to see) her last week.

2. Their mother … (to promise) to take them to the puppet theatre?

3. The sun … (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute.

4. I … (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a big heavy bag.

5. Oh, how dark it is! Black clouds (to cover) the sky. I think it will start raining in a few minutes.

6. Oh, close the window? Look, my papers … (to fall) on the floor because of the wind.

7. When you … (to open) the window? - I … (to open) it ten minutes ago.

8. The new witness just … (to go) out.

9. We … (not yet to solve) this difficult problem.

10. Look at this cheese cake! Marry … (to cook) it herself. She … (to cook) it yesterday.