9. Starting a Fish Farm

9.1. Words to remember:

farming	сельское хозяйство, животноводство
crop	сельскохозяйственная культура, урожай
surface area	площадь поверхности
aquaculture	аквакультура
weed	водоросль
algae — мн.ч. от alga	морская водоросль
catfish	сом
grouper	морской окунь
milkfish	молочная рыба, белянка
eel	угорь
harvest	собирать урожай; пожинать плоды
quatic	водный, акватический
assessment	оценка
profitable	прибыльный, доходный, рентабельный
require	нуждаться, требовать
environmental	относящийся к окружающей среде
consideration	соображение, обсуждение, рассмотрение
FAO— Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	ФАО, Отделение ООН по вопросам продовольствия и сельского хозяйства

9.2. Discuss the following with your partner:

Why do you think eating fish is more useful than eating meat? Explain your answer.

• eating fish is useful for brain

• eating fish is useful for bones

• eating fish prevents heart diseases because it contains less cholesterol than meat

• eating fish is useful for eyesight

— other

9.3. Match the words with the definitions:

1. ocean A. land used to grow crops and animals for food

2. farm B. a large container for liquids; a heavy vehicle with guns

3. lake C. a careful study to discover correct information

4. tank D. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be made public

5. source E. money gained after all costs of business being payed

6. research F. being safe; freedom from danger

7. environment G. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land

8. release H. place from which something comes or is obtained

9. safety I. salt water area covering almost 75% of the earth's

10. profit J. all surrounding conditions and influences that affect life, the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals

9.4. Look at the text. Mark the closest to the word need.

(A) demand (B) necessity (C) duty D) want

9.5. Read the text.

1. A listener wants to know more about fish pond farming.

2. Raising fish in ponds of standing water can work well on a traditional farm. Animal and crop waste can be used to fertilize the pond and feed the fish. And mud from the bottom of the pond can be used to fertilize the crops.

3. Experts say ponds with a surface area smaller than one hundred square meters may not be profitable. But those larger than one hectare may cost too much and be difficult to manage.

4. Pond farming is one kind of aquaculture. Other fish farms are connected to sources of free-flowing water- a lake, river or ocean. This way you may not have to feed the fish. They can eat weeds and small organisms, like plankton and algae. Fish can also be raised in tanks, either indoors or out.

5. Deciding which kind of fish to raise depends on the water quality, salt content and temperature. The best idea, experts say, is to raise fish that normally live in the source of water that you use. Also, you should remove wild fish, or else they could eat your fish.

6. Common carp are a popular choice for a fish farm. You could also raise tilapia, catfish, grouper, milkfish, eel or other kinds, depending on where you live. Some fish are harvested once a year; other kinds can be harvested throughout the year.

7. Biologist Martin Schreibman says setting up a fish farm is easier, less costly and more profitable than people might think.

8. Intensive fishing has reduced populations of wild fish. The aquaculture industry now provides almost half the fish eaten worldwide. Fish farming is seen as an important way to help feed a growing world. But fish farms also require attention to environmental and food safety considerations.

9. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization released a State of World Aquaculture report at a meeting in New Delhi two years ago. At that meeting, delegates agreed on the need for more support for aquaculture development in Africa. The F.A.O. said Africa was the only area of the world where in recent years people have been eating less fish instead of more.