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Файл:Modern Construction пособие.doc
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- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •Part I Chapter 1. Modern building materials Unit 1
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •4. Translate the following words and phrases into Russian:
- •6. Skim the text and say what the general idea of the text is.
- •7. When skimming divide the text into parts.
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topic:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topics:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 2. To the history of building materials
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase.
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topics:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 3. Some building professions
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •20. Using the information from the table (See task 17), speak about responsibilities of the following tradesmen:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 4. Air-conditioning
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topics:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 5. Architecture: Its forms and functions
- •In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •Architecture: Its Forms and Functions
- •9. Read and translate each part using a dictionary.
- •10. Underline the sentences that best sum up the main idea of each part and use key words from them to make plan of the text in order to retell it according to your plan.
- •11. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topics:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 6. Asbestos
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •Asbestos
- •9. Read and translate each part using a dictionary.
- •10. Underline the sentences that best sum up the main idea of each part and use key words from them to make plan of the text in order to retell it according to your plan.
- •11. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Speak on the following topic:
- •21. Translate the following sentences:
- •22. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •23. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 7. New trends in urban management
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •New Trends in Urban Management
- •9. Read and translate each part using a dictionary.
- •10. Underline the sentences that best sum up the main idea of each part and use key words from them to make plan of the text in order to retell it according to your plan.
- •11. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. What do you think of the following? Discuss this statement with your partner.
- •21. Speak on the following topics:
- •22. Translate the following sentences:
- •23. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •24. Read the text and discuss with your partner how the issues of it are implementing in your city.
- •25. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 8. What is meant by bioclimatic architecture
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •What Is Meant by "Bioclimatic Architecture"
- •11. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •24. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •25. Render the text in English.
- •26. Read the text and tell what are the main concerns of environmentalists. Discuss them with your partner.
- •Chapter 9. Silicate industry
- •1. In pairs answer the following questions:
- •2. Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud:
- •3. Learn new words and phrases.
- •Silicate Industry
- •9. Read and translate each part using a dictionary.
- •10. Underline the sentences that best sum up the main idea of each part and use key words from them to make plan of the text in order to retell it according to your plan.
- •11. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •13. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •14. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.
- •15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •17. Find in the text answers to the following questions. Work in pairs. Use such expressions as:
- •20. Group these phrases under the following headings and speak about:
- •21. Speak on the following topic:
- •22. Translate the following sentences:
- •23. Write an abstract of the chapter, I. E. Express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
- •24. Render the text in English.
- •Chapter 10. Structure
- •1. Look and read.
- •2. Read this.
- •3. Look at the diagrams in exercise 1 and answer these questions:
- •4. Look at this table. The components of a factory
- •5. Look at this section through a factory and label the components using first table in exercise 4.
- •6. Now complete this passage:
- •7. Answer these questions by giving properties of materials:
- •9. Look and read. In the following diagram showing the layout if frames the span of beams is 9 meters. The frames are spaced at 3 meters center.
- •10. Copy and complete this table: The elements of the single-storey steel structure
- •11. Look at this diagram and read the passage.
- •Chapter 11. The design mistakes
- •2. Now rewrite the above statements using the adverbs of frequency introduced in exercise 1:
- •3. Look at the examples. Now say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
- •4. Look and read these statements about the possibility of a catastrophe occurring during the next year:
- •5. Discuss the possibility of catastrophes occurring in your country and their likely effects.
- •6. Look and read.
- •Houses in Japan after an Earthquake
- •8. Read the text and answer these questions:
- •9. Look at the pairs of drawings and discuss them:
- •10. Now read the passage and list the numbers of the diagrams in the order you hear them described.
- •11. Look through the passage again and for each pair of diagrams take notes on:
- •Part 2. Supplementary texts Unit 1 Task 1
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Find answers to the following questions:
- •3. Find in the text the words having the similar meaning to:
- •Building Materials
- •1. Study the following words:
- •2. Now look at the diagram and match the letters with the parts of the heating system:
- •3. Answer these questions.
- •5. Answer these questions:
- •1. Read the text.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •Unit 3 Text 1
- •1. Read the text.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Decide what title is more suitable for the text.
- •3. Find in the text words having the similar meaning to:
- •4. Answer the questions about the text.
- •5. These are answers to the questions about the text. Write the questions.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •1. Read the text.
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Decide what title is more suitable for the text.
- •3. Find in the text words having the similar meaning to:
- •4. Answer the questions about the text.
- •5. These are answers to the questions about the text. Write the questions.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •1. Read the text.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •1. Read the text.
- •Internal operational factors
- •2. Decide what title is more suitable for the text.
- •3. Find in the text words having the similar meaning to:
- •4. Answer the questions about the text.
- •5. These are answers to the questions about the text. Write the questions.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •Unit 5 Text 1
- •1. Read the text.
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •1. Read the text.
- •Examples of Flow Charts
- •6. Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.
- •Part 3. Grammar revision Unit 1. "Small Words"
- •Unit 2. Conjunctions Союзы
- •Unit 3. The Meanings of "One"
- •Unit 4. Forms of the Verb
- •2. What is the meaning of the following constructions? Mind the Participles.
- •3. In the given examples the verb to be has different meanings. What are they?
- •Unit 5. Рекомендации по переводу
- •Формальные признаки сказуемого
- •1. State the voice and the tense form of the following verbs:
- •2. Change the sentences into questions.
- •3. Put down the tense forms of the verbs.
- •4. Copy the following sentences. Underline the predicates (ones in the Passive Voice with two lines). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Unit 6. Terminology Терминология
- •1. Compare the English terms with the corresponding Russian ones. Mind the structural differences. Cover the left column. Translate the Russian terms back into English.
- •2. Connect the English terminological combinations with the corresponding Russian ones.
- •3. Add the prefixes to the words. Translate the new words.
- •4. Read the terminological combinations. Translate them from Russian into English.
- •5. Choose the proper attributes (a) and form the English combinations (b) corresponding to the Russian ones (c).
- •7. A) Change the terminological word combinations according to the example.
- •8. Translate the extract given below in writing.
- •Unit 7. Attributive Word Combinations
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following attributive combinations:
- •2. Translate the article. Mind the attributive complexes. Read the word combinations.
- •Unit 8. Punctuation Marks
- •Insert commas where necessary.
- •Part 4. Англо-русский словарь
- •Использованная литература
Unit 2. Conjunctions Союзы
Для понимания смысловых связей, объединяющих компоненты предложения, необходимо знание значений союзов и предлогов. К числу употребительных в специальной литературе относятся следующие союзы:
Союз (союзное слово) |
Его русское значение |
1. after |
после того, как |
2. although |
хотя |
3. as |
так как, когда |
4. as ... as |
так (такой) же ... как |
5. as far as |
насколько |
6. as if |
как если бы, как будто |
7. as soon as |
как только |
8. as though |
как если бы, как будто |
9. because |
потому что |
10. before |
до того, как; прежде чем |
11. for |
так как, потому что |
12. if |
если; ли |
13. in order to |
для того, чтобы |
14. in case |
в случае, если |
15. once |
раз, если уж |
16. provided (that) |
при условии, если |
providing (that) |
в случае |
17. since |
так как; с; с тех пор, как |
18. so that |
так что; так чтобы |
19. than |
чем |
20. that |
что, чтобы |
21. though |
хотя |
22. till |
пока |
23. unless |
если ... не |
24. until |
пока ... не |
25. when |
когда, при |
26. while |
пока; в то время, как |
27. where |
где, куда, там |
28. whereas |
тогда как |
29. whether |
ли |
30. whether ... or (not) |
ли ... или (нет) |
Use the proper "small words". Translate the Russian words given in brackets into English. Fill in the necessary prepositions.
1. Wood has been used (как, в качестве) … a construction material (c) … ancient times.
2. (Можно) … see (из) … the given data that usage … brick has an extremely long history.
3. Glass becomes a conductor (после того, как) … (оно) … has been heated (до) … a red hot.
4. This type … construction material is popular and widely used (из-за) … (его) … high fire-resistance (и) … durability.
5. Skyscrapers are constructed (из) … reinforced concrete.
6. (Что касается) … water ducts they are laid (под) … ground.
7. The covering is damaged (из-за) … (его) … being corroded.
8. The disadvantage … all these designs is (их) … high cost.
9. Polythene is widely used in modern construction (в качестве) … an insulating material.
10. Different types … tiles differ (no) … colour, shape, and size.
11. Developing new business is never easy. (Оно) … (может быть) … a very difficult task (для) … a small firm (c) … a limited budget.
12. Panel is a thin wide piece placed (между) … the members … thicker framing.
13. Panel heating is formed (из) … jointless piping bedded (в) … walls and ceilings. Hot water circulates (через) … (них) … (для) … the heating … the rooms.
14. (Какая) … purpose (может) … the space (ниже, под) … flooring serve?
15. (С помощью, посредством) … foundations the walls and the floors a building are guarded (от, против) … the action frost, rain, water.
16. (Для) … small buildings foundation design is usually (значительно) … simpler (чем) … for large ones.
17. Structural design, style, and materials … a building (должны быть) … compatible.
18. Many connections (в) … wood structures depend (от) … direct bearing of one member (на) … another.
19. Plaster (должна) … never (быть) … applied … (на) … the dirty surface.
20. Dirty spots and salty spots (должны быть) … removed (прежде чем) … plastering begins.
21. Plaster to be applied is used (в пределах, в течение) … one hour (после того, как) … (она) … has been prepared and (ее) … temperature (должна быть) … (не ниже) … the definite level.
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