15. Choose a phrase from the list below that has the same meaning as the italicized phrase:

 ignited at a high temperature  viscous  putty  in large-scale construction  readily assumes any form  the molten mass  is not subjected to disintegration or decay  a basic building material  cylindrical rotary kilns  pit or quarry  a dry place  absorb moisture

1. The production of ceramic goods is based on the property of clay when mixed with water to form a soft whitish substance that becomes hard when it dries and that is used to fix glass into window frames, from which various articles can easily be moulded.

2. When these are dried and then for easily moulding baked, that is, started burning, at a high temperature, they become hard and retain their shape, no longer being softened by water.

3. The materials roasted in cylindrical rotary special oven for baking clay pots, brick are charged into a slowly rotating kiln at its upper end and travel, mixing continuously, towards the lower end.

4. Cement is used widely as a binding material in construction involving a lot of effort, people, supplies.

5. A mixture of soda, limestone, and sand becomes thick and sticky and does not flow easily and is ready to have any shape.

6. By machine methods glass sheets, tubes, etc, can be drawn continuously from the mass which has been made into a liquid by being heated to a very high temperature.

7. Mortar isn't gradually destroyed by a natural chemical process.

8. The following sands are used for mortars: sand which is dug out of the ground, river sand and sea sand.

9. Lime must be stored in a place without water or liquid inside or on the surface, otherwise it will take in liquid from the surface.

10. Lime is a basic material used for building purposes used all over the world.

16. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions or adverbs where necessary:

in; with; continuously; during; on; at; towards; by; from; into; chemically; for; out of; in; through; without; largely; of.

1. The production … ceramic goods is based … the property … clay when mixed … water to form putty, … which various articles can easily be moulded.

2. … this way clay, mixed water and sand is moulded … bricks, which are then dried and baked.

3. The materials roasted … cylindrical rotary kilns are charged … a slowly rotating kiln … its upper end and travel, mixing …, … the lower end, while a current … hot gases, the products … the burning of fuel, flows … the opposite direction.

4. … the period of their movement … the kiln the clay and the limestone react …, and the material emerging … the kiln … lumps of a caked mass is cement, which is then grounded.

5. The initial materials … the production … or­dinary glass are mainly soda, limestone, and sand.

6. This property of glass is used … making various articles … it.

7. Mortar made … sand would be expensive.

8. Lime is used … great quantities … mortar and plaster.

9. Limes may be divided … three distinct classes: rich limes, poor limes, hydraulic limes.

10. Until this time the requirement … lime was … agri­cultural and it was produced … farmers or … small builders who used it … making mortar and plaster.