Вариант 3 для студентов специальностей Бухгалтерский учет и аудит и Финансы и кредит)

I. Образуйте производные при помощи указанных суффиксов и переведите их на русский язык (см Образец выполнения 1)

- tion – compete, determine, reduce, conclude

- ive – success, object, administrate, compete

- ful – boast, reproach, law, joy

- al – profession, finance, commerce, environment

II. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Определите и выпишите видо-временную форму и залог всех глаголов, определите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many markets have become more imperfectly competitive lately because of the increasingly active role of government in influencing markets.

2. The term market originally denoted and still sometimes denotes a particular place where products are bought and sold, as in an open-air market.

3. There are financial markets where shares, securities and currencies change are sold and bought through organized stock markets or foreign exchange markets.

III. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. Supply-and-demand analysis may be applied to markets for final goods and services or to markets for labour capital and other factors of production as well.

2. The supplier can sell as much as he can produce.

3. You should have followed the instructions of your sports coach.

IV. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из Active Voice в Passive voice (см Образец выполнения 2)

1. We have been looking for you for the whole morning.

2. People usually sell and buy products at the market.

3.They determined prices by the interaction of demand and supply.

4. You must divide your report into two chapters.

V. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкций с Participle I , Participle II и Gerund.

1. Watching TV, playing computer games, listening to music and reading books are my favourite time spending.

2. Analyzing supply we assume that everything but the price is constant in order to observe te relationship between various prices and the quantity potentially offered by suppliers at each price

3. Another type of elasticity, known as the cross-elasticity of demand, measures the response in consumers’ demand for one product to changes in the price of another.

VI. Прочитайте текст, спишите и письменно переведите 1-6-й aбзацы текста.

PRIVATE-ENTERPRISE SYSTEM

1. The basis of the private-enterprise system is the belief that when each member is allowed to pursue his rational self-interest – the maximum common good will be attained. In effect, the greatest common good is simply a sum of its constituent parts, and anything that interferes with the pursuit of individual rational self-interest will reduce that sum.

2. Market is the mechanism that assures that the pursuit of myriad private goals will produce public good. Market set prices for both the factors of production – land, labour, and capital – and the products of industry.

3. With the factors of production in private hands, the proportions in which these factors are combined to produce different goods and services are determined through the price mechanism. If something is supplied in quantities greater than are required, the price will fall r production will be reduced, or both results will occur. If there is unsatisfied demand for any product, the price will rise and, with profits in prospect, production will be stimulated.

4. The developed economies of Western Europe, North America and Japan are described as private-enterprise systems, while those few countries that are still communist have centrally planned and controlled economies. (Developing countries have no established economic patterns).

5. Most developed free-enterprise countries, however, recognize the criticisms of the pure market economy and accept the need for a degree of state involvement. In many of these countries there is a degree of state ownership of economic enterprises, mainly in public utilities and some basic industries.

6. In addition, all governments take an active hand in influencing the nature and tempo of economic growth by controlling such key economic variables as the money supply, interest rates, and government expenditure and borrowing.

7. In most cases, government action in these areas reflects a judgement relating to political, social or economic objectives, but it is radically different from the prescriptions of the central-planning doctrine in stemming from the belief that freedom of enterprise is the most efficient way of maximizing economic growth.

VII. Прочитайте 7-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос.

How does the influence of government in free-enterprise system countries differ from centrally planned system ones?