Контрольное задание № 2

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 2, необходимо изучить следущий лексический и грамматический грамматический материал:

Словообразование. Основные словообразовательные суффиксы и префиксы существительного, прилагательного и наречия.

Глагол. Образование видо-временных форм глагола: активный залог (Active Voice) – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future), Continuous (Present, Past, Future) , Perfect (Present, Past, Future). Пассивный залог (Passive Voice). – формы Indefinite ((Present, Past, Future)

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык. Модальные глаголы can , may, must и их эквиваленты to be able to, to have to, to be to. Moдальные глаголы should, need. Функции глаголов to be, to have.

Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. инфинитив(Infinitive) и герундий (Gerund).

Сложносочиненное и сложноподчиненное предложения. Главное и придаточные предложения. Союзное и бессоюзное подчинение определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложений. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям. Независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот.

Образец выполнения 1

-tion – introduce, protect, compose, declare

introduction- вступление,

protection – защита, охрана;

сomposition – сочинение, состав;

declaration – заявление, объявление.

-ful – joy, use, hope, beauty

joyful – радостный, счастливый;

useful – полезный;

hopeful – надеющийся, многообещающий4

beautiful – красивый, прекрасный.

Образец выполнения 2

1. I have taught them a good lesson.

They have been taught a good lesson.

2. People will forget him soon.

He will be forgotten soon.

2. They are building a new house in our street.

A new house is being built in our street.

ВАРИАНТ 1

(для студентов специальности психология)

I. Образуйте производные при помощи указанных суффиксов и переведите их на русский язык (см Образец выполнения 1)

- er – begin, play, follow, advise

- tion – create, construct, prepare, produce

- ful – harm, beauty, care, faith

- less – hope, use, limit, taste

II. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Определите и выпишите видо-временную форму и залог всех глаголов, определите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The story goes that after Freud and Jung met, Freud cancelled all his appointments for the day and they had been talking for 13 hours straight.

2. Although Jung’s first career choice was archeology, he went on to study medicine at the University of Basel. (г. Базель)

3. Many people find that they have very similar recollections when they are brought back from a close encounter with death.

III. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. You have to know English well enough to pass the Test of English as a Foreign Language exam.

2. In United Kingdom many students need to find a source of finance to pay the tuition fee and some may apply for a student loan.

3. If you have a toothache you should go to the doctor.

IV. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из Active Voice в Passive voice (см Образец выполнения 2)

1. I have taught him a good lesson.

2. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

3. The boy was angry because his mother didn’t allow him to go to the stadium.

4. Someone wants you on the phone.

V. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкций с Participle I , Participle II и Gerund.

1. Learning any foreign languages is not an easy thing.

2. Treated by a qualified psychologist the patient began to feel better.

3. After spending a short time as a resident in neurology and director of a children’s ward in Berlin Sigmund Freud came back to Vienna.

VI. Прочитайте текст, спишите и письменно переведите 1-4-й, 6, 7-й абзацы текста.

HUMAN VIOLENCE

1.There are numerous reasons for the existence of criminal violence. Many of these reasons revolve around disadvantaged living conditions, including poverty, unemployment, divorce, and so on. However, much of the research into violence has focused on certain kinds of personality, especially anti-social personality disorder and psychopathy.

2. Individuals with anti-social personality disorder are aggressive, and their behaviour is often irresponsible and unlawful, showing a disregard of social conventions. There are far more men than women with antisocial personality disorder, possibly four or five times as many.

3. Individuals with psychopathy have very poor behavior control, they lack empathy, and they show little or no remorse after hurting other people. There are convincing links between these personality disorders and criminality. About 40% - 50% of prisoners in American prisons have antisocial personality disorder, and a further 25% - 30% have psychopathy.

4. There are two important implications of the part on relatively unchanging personality characteristics based on heredity. First, there should be evidence that biological factors play a role in violence. Second, adults who behave in an aggressive and criminal fashion should tend to have been aggressive as children.

5. Evidence on biological factors was reported by Brunner (1993). He studied a large Dutch family in which the male members of the family were very aggressive. Two were arsonists (people who deliberately cause fires), one tried to run his boss over, one made his sisters undress at knife point and one raped his sister and attacked a man with a pitchfork. It was discovered that these men suffered from a mutant gene which played a part in causing their aggressive actions.

6. Aggression from childhood continuing into adulthood was considered by Stattin and Magnusson (1989) in a study of over 1000 people aged between 10 and 26 years. Over a half of the boys who were judged to be very aggressive went on to commit crimes (many of them serious) in adult life.

7. In sum, the evidence indicates that aggressive and violent behaviour is more likely to occur in individuals with certain kinds of personality (e.g. anti-social personality disorder). However, criminal violence is most common in individuals with those kinds of personality who also disadvantaged lives.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос.

Why were the male members of a Dutch family very aggressive?