Вариант 1 (для студентов специальности экология)

I. Образуйте производные при помощи указанных суффиксов и переведите их на русский язык (см Образец выполнения 1)

- man – fresh, police, country, gentle

- ment – arrange, treat, appoint, agree

- able – comfort, desire, rely, favour

- al – conversation, profession, history, origin

II. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Определите и выпишите видо-временную форму и залог всех глаголов, определите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. As the pace of human development accelerated, centres of civilization developed in the most fertile areas of the world.

2. Since ancient time people have been trying to produce more and more to increase human wealth.

3. It was initially thought that the ozone layer was being reduced gradually all over the globe.

III. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. The humankind will be able to survive only if we all understand that environmental protection is our universal concern.

2. People must think of the problems of acid rains and ozone destruction.

3. I must have thrown the letter away.

IV. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из Active Voice в Passive voice (см Образец выполнения 2)

1. Snow will cover the fields in winter.

2. They teach three foreign languages at this school.

3. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station.

4. He has already finished his work

V. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкций с Participle I , Participle II и Gerund.

1. Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips.

2. The increase of carbon dioxide (CO) in the earth’s atmosphere is its potential for raising the temperature of the earth through the process known as the greenhouse effect.

3. The Tower of London is now predominantly a museum, housing the Crown Jewelry and magnificent collection of arms and armour.

VI. Прочитайте текст, спишите и письменно переведите 1-6-й абзацы текста.

WHAT IS ECOLOGY ?

1. The term ecology emerged at the end of the 20th century as one the most popular and most important aspects of biology. It has become evident that some of the most urgent problems - are to a great degree ecological.

2. Ecology deals with the organism and its environment. The word environment includes both other organisms and physical surroundings. It involves relationships between individuals of different populations. These interactions between individuals, between populations, and between organisms and their environment form ecological systems, or ecosystems.

3. Ecology has been defined variously as “the study of the interrelationships of organisms with their environment and each other”, as “the economy of nature”, and as “the biology of ecosystems”.

4. Because of the various approaches required to study organisms in their environment, ecology deals with such fields as climatology, hydrology, oceanography, physics, chemistry, geology, and soil analysis. To study the relationships between organisms, ecology also involves such unrelated sciences as animal behaviour, taxonomy, physiology, and mathematics.

5. The earth’s biosphere is the thin layer of life that covers the Earth. Biosphere is the earth’s relatively thin zone of air, soil, and water that is capable of supporting life, ranging from about 10 km into the atmosphere to the deepest ocean floor.

6. Life in this zone depends on the sun’s energy and on the circulation of heat and essential nutrients. The biosphere remained sufficiently stable for hundreds of millions of years to keep going the evolution of today’s life forms. Major divisions of the biosphere into regions of different growth patterns are called plant formations, or biomes.

7. The broad units of vegetation are called plant formations by European ecologists and biomes by North American ecologists. Biome is a large ecosystem characterized by similar vegetation, animals and climate.

VII. Прочитайте 7-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос.

What is called a biome?