7. Reorder the following sentences 1-6 to describe the process in business English:

1. In turn, the goods are supplied in the quantity required to retail outlets.

2. Most manufacturers which mass-produce goods, for example, electrical appliances, don't wish to sell them directly to the public.

3. Individual consumers view ranges of competing brands.

4. The consumer selects a single item which he or she purchases.

5. Instead, they distribute them via wholesalers who buy large quantities, which are stocked in their warehouses.

6. The goods are displayed and stock is kept at the retail outlet.

8. Find retail expressions in Ex.6 to match to the following general English expressions, as in the example:

1. shop – retail outlet

2. people who make (products) –

3. make products in large amounts –

4. products –

5. straight –

6. middleman –

7. keep them safe –

8. large storeroom –

9. as many as they think they need –

10. selection of (TVs) –

11. show –

12. choose –

13. buy –

9. Match a definition to each example of direct sale:

mail order	customers can buy from the manufacturer's warehouse
door-to-door sales	a company sends goods by post from its warehouse
TV sales	customers see product adverts on the screen and place their orders by phone/fax/the Internet
The Internet (e-commerce)	an agent for the company sells the product or service to the customer at home
cash and carry	electronic shopping from companies' websites

10. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Більшість виробників, що випускають товари у великій кількості, наприклад електротовари, не хочуть продавати їх споживачеві безпосередньо.

2. Роздрібна торгівля забезпечує покупця товарами, або сервісом.

3. Більшість роздрібних торговців продають товари через магазини, або торгові крапки.

4. Великий магазин самообслуговування, розташований в місті, або в межі міста, торгуючий продовольчими товарами, напоями, а також товарами для будинку, називається супермаркетом.

5. Бутік – це маленький незалежний магазин, торгуючий одягом, як правило, відомих дизайнерів.

11. Read and translate the following text, do all the exercises to it and be ready to retell:

You may think that there's nothing nicer than a slow leisurely trip to a supermarket. But we should all be careful because we are manipulated from the moment we enter to the time we leave. A supermarket is just a huge trap designed to make us spend more money. Today we are going to examine just a few of the psychological tricks they use.

1. Many supermarkets have beautiful displays of fresh produce, such as fruit and vegetables, near the entrance. This is to tempt and draw customers into the store and guide them round on a preferred route.

2. Have you ever wondered why all the things you and everyone else really needs are in different parts of the store? Or else why they keep moving around the things you regularly buy. The answer's simple; they want to make you travel round as much of the store as you can in your search for them. Along the way you'll buy things you never thought of and be introduced to parts of the store you wouldn't normally visit.

3. 'Eye level is buy level' is one of the first lessons that any supermarket manager learns. This is why, for example, you'll find the most expensive shampoos displayed at 120 to 150 cm above the ground. Look up or down for better value items.

4. The next time you are next to one of those enormous end-of-aisle displays, think before you buy. Just because it says 'special offer', doesn't mean you're getting a bargain. Supermarkets know consumers purchase five times as much from an end-of-aisle display as from one of its shelves in the ordinary rows. It's a good way of moving stock near its sell-by date.

5. Most of us know that the checkout is a danger area for impulse buys like sweets and chocolates. You know, things we just buy without thinking. We simply put them in our trolleys or give them to the kids to keep them quiet.

6. Did you know that expensive breakfast cereals are displayed at the eye level of the child in the trolley? Incidentally, these cereals are often directly opposite biscuits so you'll find yourself well and truly trapped! You'd better check what junior is putting into your trolley while your back is turned.

1. Answer the questions:

1. When you go to a shop or supermarket do you ever buy items that you hadn't planned to buy before you entered the shop?

2. What sort of things do you buy like this and why do you buy them?

3. What methods can shops use to maximize the sales of the goods?

4. Why is a supermarket compared to a trap?

5. Enumerate the psychological tricks the supermarkets use to make the customers spend their money?

6. What for do the supermarkets have beautiful displays of fresh produce near the entrance?

7. Why are the things you really need in different parts of the store?

8. Explain the words 'Eye level is buy level'

9. Does 'special offer' always mean that you are getting a bargain?

10. Why is checkout a danger area for all the buyers?

2. Learn the words:

leisure	дозвілля, вільний час
to manipulate	маніпулювати, вміло управляти
trap	пастка
trick	прийом
entrance	вхід
to tempt	спокушати
enormous	величезний
aisle	прохід
sell-by date	термін реалізації
checkout	каса в магазині самообслуговуванні
stock	асортимент
trolley	візок
cereals	злаки

3. Fill the gaps with the words from the box:

aisle display basket row trolley checkout sell-by date shelf/shelves

1. The bride was walking slowly along the __________ in an old church, while the happy bridegroom was nervously waiting for her near the chancel.

2. Supermarkets know consumers purchase five times as much from an end-of-aisle __________ as from one of its ___________ in the ordinary __________.

3. __________ is the most dangerous place for impulse buys.

4. An end-of-aisle display is a good way of moving stock near its __________.

5. While in a supermarket you can carry your goods either in a __________ or in a ___________ .

12. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

benefits buy insurance policy protection appeal

The Internet offers huge __________to consumers, not only as a source of information and entertainment, but as a new way of shopping for goods and services. There's obvious __________ in being able to order a book, or take out an __________ ___________ at any time of day from your computer. But Internet shopping has its problems too. We take consumer __________ for granted when we __________ from a shop, over the phone or by mail order, but it's often difficult to apply the same protection to shopping on the Internet.

13. Match the words from the box with their definitions below:

on-line mouse password checkout favorites shopping basket click cursor

1. a list that you can use for quick access to websites you visit regularly

2. you do this to select an item

3. where you go to pay for the items you want to buy

4. the flashing line which indicates your position on the screen

5. a device that you use to control movement around the screen and to select items

6. a secret word that gives you permission to do something

7. where you keep a list of the things you want to buy

8. connected to the Internet