- •Методичні рекомендації до виконання завдань до практичних занять з курсу "іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням"
- •Text 1. Bic's success in a throwaway world
- •Text 2. Zurich Municipal
- •Завдання до першого модуля до практичних занять № 4,5,6 на тему «Роздрібна торгівля».
- •Read and translate the text, be ready to speak on the topic:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Look at the following bar chart which shows reasons why people don’t like shopping:
- •Match the words in the box to the definitions in 1-8 below:
- •Reorder the following sentences 1-6 to describe the process in business English:
- •Find retail expressions in Ex.6 to match to the following general English expressions, as in the example:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Read and translate the following text, do all the exercises to it and be ready to retell:
- •Form compound adjectives matching the words from the columns with each other:
- •Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Завдання до першого модуля до практичних занять № 7,8,9 на тему «Міжнародна торгівля».
- •International trade
- •Read and translate the text, be ready to speak on the topic:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Complete this text about free trade by completing sentences 1-6 with a-f below:
- •Answer the questions below:
- •Read the emails below. Which email is:
- •Make complete sentences by using one phrase from each column. Which sentences are used in: a request? a reminder? a refusal? an agreement? a final demand?
- •Which is the most polite form a) or b)?
- •Discussion. As the exporter, decide what methods of payment in 5 you would require from these customers:
- •Завдання до першого модуля до практичних занять № 10,11,12 на тему «Реклама та продукція компанії».
- •Read and translate the texts, be ready to speak on the topic. Do all the exercises to them: Text a
- •The Benefits of Advertising
- •The Price We Pay for Advertising.
- •Advertising Strategies
- •Make an advertisement of any company or product you like. Choose the audience it would be pointed at, use different techniques.
- •Завдання до першого модуля до практичних занять № 13,14,15 на тему «Ділові презентації».
- •Read and translate the text, be able to speak on the topic:
- •Introduction
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Study the following table that shows examples of language used at presentations:
- •Introduction
- •Speak on the topic.
- •Make your own presentation.
- •Завдання до другого модуля до практичних занять № 17,18,19 на тему «Фінанси».
- •Read and translate the texts, be able to speak on the topic: Text a
- •Answer the questions:
- •Make sure you understand the following:
- •Find English equivalents to the following:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate word from the box:
- •Choose the correct answer to make a sentence:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •The noun and the definition are matched. Choose the correct adjective to complete the word partners:
- •Read and take into account the following information for the topic:
- •Information for Managers
- •Information for Shareholders
- •Discuss the following questions:
- •Look at the pie chart which shows the average weekly expenditure of a British person:
- •Завдання до другого модуля до практичних занять № 20,21,22 на тему «Гроші».
- •Learn the new vocabulary to the topic:
- •Read and translate the text, be able to speak on the topic: Money and its functions
- •The Medium of Exchange
- •Other Functions of Money
- •Different Kinds of Money
- •Answer the questions:
- •Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Replace the words in italics by synonyms from the box:
- •Translate into English:
- •Name the following money (banknote or written form) and its country:
- •Make sure that you know what the following proverbs mean, explain how you understand them:
- •Завдання до другого модуля до практичних занять № 23,24,25,26 на тему «Банківська справа».
- •Read and translate the text, be able to speak on the topic:
- •Safeguarding and transfer of funds
- •Lending and loans
- •Answer the questions:
- •Choose from the words in the box to complete the sentences:
- •Read the following texts:
- •Insurance of goods
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their corresponding definitions:
- •Match the words in italics from sentences a-e below to these definitions:
- •Think over the following questions:
- •Be ready to speak on the topic.
- •Завдання до другого модуля до практичних занять № 27,28,29 на тему «Податки та оподаткування».
- •Read and translate the text:
- •International Taxation
- •Answer the following questions:
- •There are some types of tax in the boxes below, but some letters are missing. Can you complete the words?
- •Match these expressions with tax to their definitions:
- •Use the words from the box to complete the following conversation:
- •Read the text and ask all types of questions to the underlined sentences: Taxation planning
- •Can you think of any tax breaks which the government in your country has introduced recently?
- •Be ready to speak on the topic. Список літератури
- •Рецензія на "Методичну розробку завдань з англійської мови для підготовки до практичних занять бакалаврів IV курсу спеціальності ‘Фінанси’ ”
Read and translate the text, be able to speak on the topic: Money and its functions
The main feature of money is its acceptance as the means of payment or medium of exchange. Nevertheless, money has other functions. It is a standard of value, a unit of account, a store of value and a standard of deferred payment.
The Medium of Exchange
Money, the medium of exchange, is used in one-half of almost all exchange. Workers work for money. People buy and sell goods in exchange for money. We accept money not to consume it directly but because it can subsequently be used to buy things we wish to consume. Money is the medium through which people exchange goods and services. Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper bills of one kind or another.
However this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods or services one for another. In this system no money is used. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that they considered to be of equal value. The farmer specialising in production of beef might find a hungry barber and thus get a haircut, or find a hungry tailor and thus exchange meat for clothes, or find a hungry doctor and thus obtain medical treatment. In a barter economy, the seller and the buyer each must want something the other has to offer. Each person is simultaneously a seller and a buyer. There is a double coincidence of wants. Trading was very inefficient in a barter economy. People must spend a lot of time and effort finding others with whom they can make satisfactory exchanges.
Money is generally accepted in payment for goods, services and debts and makes the trading process simpler and more efficient.
Other Functions of Money
Money can also serve as a standard of value. Society considers it convenient to use a monetary unit to determine relative costs of different goods and services. In this function money appears as the unit of account, is the unit in which prices are quoted and accounts are kept.
To be accepted in exchange, money has to be a store of value. Money is a store of value because it can be used, to make purchases in the future.
Houses, stamp collections, and interest-bearing bank accounts all serve as stores of value. Since money pays no interest and its real purchasing power is eroded by inflation, there are almost certainly better ways to store value.
Finally, money serves as a standard of deferred payment or a unit of account over time. When you borrow, the amount to be repaid next year is measured in money value.
Different Kinds of Money
Golden coins are the examples of commodity money, because their gold content is a commodity.
A token money is a means of payment whose value or purchasing power as money greatly exceeds its cost of production or value in uses other than as money.
A $10 note is worth far more as money than as a 3x6 inch piece of high-quality paper. Similarly, the monetary value of most coins exceeds the amount you would get by melting them down and selling off the metals they contain. By collectively agreeing to use token money, society economizes on the scarce resources required to produce money as a medium of exchange. Since the manufacturing costs are tiny, why doesn't everyone make $10 notes? The essential condition for the survival of token money is the restriction of the right to supply it. Private production is illegal.
Society enforces the use of token money by making it legal tender. The law says it must be accepted as a means of payment. In modem economies, token money is supplemented by IOU money.
IOU money is a medium of exchange based on the debt of a private firm or individual.
A bank deposit is IOU money because it is a debt of the bank. When you have a bank deposit the bank owes you money. You can write a cheque to yourself or a third party and the bank is obliged to pay whenever the cheque is presented. Bank deposits are a medium of exchange because they are generally accepted as payment. Checks and credit cards are being used increasingly, and it is possible to imagine a world where "money" in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used.