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Файл:PR zakharova_3.doc
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- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •1) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •8) Answer the following questions:
- •9) Can you explain the following:
- •10) Agree or disagree:
- •11) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •8) Answer the following questions:
- •9) Can you explain the following:
- •10) Translate the list of general guidelines in writing. Do you agree or disagree with the list?
- •11) Develop two or three items of the general guidelines which you find the most important.
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Make up sentences of your own with them:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following expressions into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words which are opposite in their meaning:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Insert prepositions (to; for; on; at):
- •9) Explain the grammatical structure of the following sentence:
- •10) Answer the following questions:
- •11) Can you explain the following:
- •12) Sum up the main idea of the text. Write down only one sentence.
- •13) Render the following in English:
- •6) Can you explain the following:
- •7) Speak on one of the six elements which a pitch letter should have and which you find the most important
- •8) Answer the following questions:
- •9) Write down the questions for these answers:
- •10) Analyse the sample of a media advisory, describe all its parts. Is it made out along the guidelines given in sector "Media Advisories"?
- •9) Write down the questions for these answers:
- •10) Can you explain the following:
- •11) Sum up what the texts say about:
- •Individual Interviews
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Match the words. Use the expressions in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words which have the opposite meaning:
- •10) Translate in writing four paragraphs describing the tips which would help you prepare for an interview.
- •11) Answer the following questions:
- •12) Can you explain the following?
- •13) Agree or disagree:
- •14) Write down the main stages of the preparation for an individual interview.
- •9) Write down 6 questions to the text beginning with:
- •10) Write down one sentence summarizing the text.
- •11) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •9) Can you explain the following:
- •10) Render the following item in English:
- •Invitations
- •8) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentence:
- •9) Answer the following questions:
- •11) Develop the following statements:
- •12) Write down one sentence summarizing the text.
- •13) Translate the following text in written form:
- •14) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text and use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •9) Paraphrase the following sentences:
- •10) Answer the following questions:
- •11) Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •12) Sum up what the Unit says about:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •11) Can you explain the following statements?
- •12) Translate the following item into Russian:
- •1) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •2) Match the words. Write down your own sentences with these expressions:
- •3) Translate the following sentences from the text into Russian. Give synonyms to the underlined words:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •7) Answer the following questions:
- •8) Can you explain the following?
- •9) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in your own sentences:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Match the words. Use them in the sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •10) Answer the following questions:
- •11) Can you explain the following statements?
- •12) Agree or disagree:
- •13) Translate the following item into Russian:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Write down 6 questions covering the contents of the text.
- •9) Can you explain the following statements?
- •10) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following word-combinations into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words, some of them can be used more than once:
- •10) Answer the following questions:
- •11) Explain the following:
- •12) Sum up the contents of the text in one or two sentences.
- •13) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2) Find the terms in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words and word-combinations into Russian and use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •5) Make up sentences with the following word-combinations and translate them:
- •7) Complete the following sentences from the text and translate them into Russian:
- •9) Answer the following questions:
- •10) Sum up the text in one sentence.
- •11) Render the following item in English:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following word-combinations into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words which are close in the meaning:
- •8) Complete the following sentences from the text and translate them into Russian:
- •9) Make up questions for these answers:
- •К основным принципам рекламы можно отнести:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following word-combinations into Russian and use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in the meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •7) Make up 5 questions to the text, beginning with:
- •8) Give the main idea of the text in one sentence.
- •9) Render the following item in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words into Russian and use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words which are close in the meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •Unit 10 types of public relations advertising
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •Image-building
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •Investor and Financial Relations
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words which are close in the meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Write questions to the following sentences from the text:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •7) Complete the following sentences from the text and translate them into Russian:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text and use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •8) Develop in writing the following statement in no more than 50 words.
- •9) Give the main idea of the text in one sentence.
- •10) Read the advertisement and translate it into Russian using the dictionary:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •7) Complete the following sentences from the text and translate them into Russian:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •8) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •9) Write questions to the following answers:
- •10) Explain the following:
- •11) Sum up the text. Write down one sentence.
- •12) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words which are close in the meaning:
- •6) Match the words. Give as many variants as possible. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •8) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentences:
- •9) Write questions to the following answers:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4) Match the words. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •10) Answer the following questions:
- •12) Render the following text in English:
- •Chapter III speakers and speeches
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the texts which describe or mean the following:
- •10) Write questions to the following answers:
- •Informing Speakers
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •1) Find in the text the English equivalents. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Match the words. Think of your own sentences with them:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Match the words. Think of your own sentences with them:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •12) Can you explain the following:
- •13) Write down one sentence summing up the contents of the text.
- •14) Render the following text in English:
- •Speaker's Bureau Reaches a Diverse Audience
- •15) Render the following text in English:
- •Interview Tips
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •10) Answer the questions:
- •11) Can you explain the following:
- •12) Say which tips given in the text are more important than the others and why? Arrange them in order of your preference.
- •13) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Give the Russian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •3) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •4) Match the words. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •5) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •6) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •7) Match the words which have the opposite meaning:
- •9) Make up the plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •10) Write down 3 sentences showing the main idea of the text.
- •11) Render the following text in English:
- •Unit 13 the nature of a speech
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text that would describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Answer the following questions:
- •9) Can you explain the following?
- •10) Agree or disagree:
- •11) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Paraphrase the italicized words:
- •9) Translate the following into Russian. Make up 4 sentences of your own according to the models:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find in the text the words which mean or describe the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •8) Can you explain the following:
- •9) Develop the following points:
- •10) Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Unit 14 semispeeches
- •10) Write questions to the following answers:
- •11) Answer the following questions:
- •12) Write down the translation of the last paragraph of the text.
- •13) Render the following text in English:
- •Interviews at the Organization
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which mean or describe the following:
- •3) Translate the following expressions into Russian: use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Match the words. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •5) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •6) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •7) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •9) Paraphrase or explain the underlined words:
- •10) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentence. Write down 3 sentences of your own with the same structure:
- •13) Write down a few questions covering the contents of the text. Start them with:
- •14) Write down one sentence expressing the main idea of the text.
- •15) Render the following text in English:
- •Interviews at the Media
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text and use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which would describe or mean the following:
- •9) Can you explain the following?
- •10) Among the tips how to answer news media questions find 5 which you think the most important and 5 which can be considered the least significant. Prove your opinion. Start with:
- •11) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Write these words with correct negative prefixes (im; un; in):
- •9) Answer the following questions:
- •10) Do you agree with the recommendations concerning publicity? Can you give any other ideas of your own?
- •Speechwriting
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which mean or describe the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following words and word-combinations into Russian. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •6) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •7) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Paraphrase the underlined words and expressions:
- •9) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentence. Use it in sentences of your own:
- •11) Write down 5 questions covering the contents of the text.
- •12) Can you explain the following:
- •13) Translate the following into Russian:
- •14) Express your opinion of the above given advice.
- •15) Render the following text in English:
- •5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •8) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentences. Use it in sentences of your own:
- •11) Answer the following questions:
- •12) Can you explain the following?
- •13) Write down 3 sentences summarizing the contents of the text.
- •14) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text that describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •7) Explain the grammatical structure of the sentence. Use it in sentences of your own:
- •8) Can you explain the following?
- •9) Translate the following item into Russian:
- •10) Render the following text in English:
- •1) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
- •2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:
- •3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:
- •5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:
- •7) Explain the grammar structure of the sentences. Use it in sentences of your own:
- •9) Write questions to the following answers:
- •10) Speak on the following points. Try to illustrate them with your own examples:
- •11) Render the following text in English:
10) Render the following text in English:
Как вести себя в трудном интервью?
Придерживайтесь главного правила: не поддавайтесь провокации
Неприятные вопросы часто вызывают гнев и желание одержать верх над журналистом. Но ваш собеседник - не враг. Журналист - это канал, посредством которого вы общаетесь с аудиторией. Если в программе участвуют и другие люди, относитесь к ним как партнерам но передаче, а не противникам. Критические замечания со стороны могут вызвать желание показать себя, доказать что-то, убедить.
Желание победить в общении с журналистом - верный путь к поражению. Но ваша цель - не победа; ваша цель - проинформировать, высказать необходимые идеи и убедить.
«Засада»
Так можно назвать интервью, при котором журналист пытается застать вас врасплох неожиданным вопросом по очень деликатной и спорной теме или проблеме, на который нелегко ответить.
В первую очередь, при этом вы подумаете, что журналист пытается спровоцировать вас на обличающее заявление. Естественная реакция тут -«занять оборону»; однако какой бы природной она ни была, ее следует избегать. И прежде всего не давайте волю гневу, не пытайтесь нанести ответный удар. Помните: вы говорите для аудитории, а не для журналиста. Сохраняйте открытость - в позе, в мимике и словах - стоите ли вы или сидите перед журналистом. Слегка наклонитесь вперед, чтобы выглядеть непринужденным, подкрепляйте утвердительные ответы естественными жестами и улыбайтесь.
Ваше обаяние и неагрессивное проявление уверенности помогут вам обезоружить не только нападающего на вас журналиста, но и аудиторию.
Обороняйтесь, не проявляя этого. При объяснении указанных ошибок и неудач увяжите их с трудностями принятия решений, связанных с развитием вашей организации, и в качестве иллюстрации перечислите выгоды и потери. Например: «Подобно любой организации, занимающейся сложными и связанными с большой степенью риска проблемам, мы, конечно, допустили ряд ошибок. Но в то же время делаем все от нас зависящее, чтобы их исправить. Скажем...»
Лучшим средством против «засады» выступает подготовка. Заранее предположите, что вам зададут трудные и спорные вопросы. Затем продумайте контраргументы или объяснения по любой возможной деликатной теме.
Text Е
Helping the Speaker
In addition to writing the speech to suit the speaker, there may be a need for coaching. Whether the speech is memorized, partially read, or read entirely, it should be voiced enough times for the speaker to become familiar with it and to permit improvements in its delivery. Tone of voice, emphasis given to certain words or phrases, pauses, gestures, speed - all are important.
Some speakers prefer to have certain phrases underlined and to have detailed cues in the script such as "pause", "look at audience", and "pound on lectern". Others don't want such cues. It is a matter of individual preference.
Typing format is also a matter of personal preference. Some people prefer double spacing; others want triple spacing. A few like to have the speech typed entirely in capital letters, but most prefer the normal format that is used to present most material that is to be read. There are also speakers who like to have capital letters used in the words that are to be stressed. Any of these formats is acceptable if the speaker likes it that way.
The speaker should be sufficiently familiar with the prepared text to permit abridgement on brief notice. It is particularly important for a speaker at a luncheon meeting. All too often, the meal is served late or the group takes an excessive amount of time discussing internal matters or making general announcements, leaving the speaker far less time than originally planned.
The same thing can happen at an evening banquet. The awards ceremony takes longer than expected and the speaker is introduced at 9:15 p.m., three hours after everyone has sat down to dinner. In this instance, the most applause is for the person who realizes the hour and makes a five-minute speech.
□ Vocabulary:
coach - репетировать; тренировать
partially - частично
voice - произнести
delivery - произнесение (речи)
cue - подсказка
pound - ударить
lectern - пюпитр, трибуна, кафедра
double, triple spacing - двойной, тройной интервал
capital letters - заглавные буквы
abridgement - сокращение
on brief notice - без подготовки; в срочном порядке; без заблаговременного предупреждения
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