- •1.Read and translate following international words paying attention to the parts of speech.
- •2.Pay attention to meaning of following “false friends of translator” :
- •3.Remember pronunciation and translation of following words and word-combinations from the text:
- •9.Read the text and give its main idea:
- •10.Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •7. Name the English verbs forming the following nouns and translate them:
- •8.Read the text, try to understand its main idea:
- •9.Find the correspondence:
- •10.Using the text answer the question: “ What is the theoretical base for solving ecological problem?”
- •12. Say about the point of view of Western scientists on ecological problem. Make up the dialogue.
- •13.Say what measures are decided for solving ecological problems in our country? What documentreflects this?
- •2. Open the brackets and insert the right form instead of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. State the form of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences and underline the verb-predicate in the Subjunctive Mood.
- •5. Translate the following pairs of words, pay attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
- •6. Read the text and define the main idea:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •18. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meaning words – after, before:
- •19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings: because – тому що, бо; because of – через, завдяки тому що, із-за
- •20. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to - for:
- •21. Point out which of the sentences “ to have, to be “ are used as Modal verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •22. Form the Nouns using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read the following paragraphs of the text and define their main idea.
- •2. Write out from the text and translate the words and word-combinations connecting with the preserving the environment.
- •8. Find the correspondence definitions:
- •8 Read the text and reproduce its main idea:
- •15. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings of “ but”:
- •16. Define the function “for” and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •17. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meanings “ also”.
- •18. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the preposition “by”:
- •19. Form the words using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read and translate the following international words:
- •2. Remember the pronunciation and translation of the following words:
- •4. Check your knowledge the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text and give the main idea:
- •In the end, finelly – нарешті
- •10. Using the rules put the comma into the sentences:
- •5.Read the text and in two-three sentences give its main idea:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the text:
- •7. Complete the following sentences with the phrase from the text:
- •9. Read and discuss:
- •6. Read the text and give its main idea in two-three sentences:
- •3. Form with the help of suffixes –(a) (t) ion or –ment corresponding nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •4. Check your knowledge and uderstanding the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •6. Read the text and say what new information have you got:
- •5.Read the text and name the measures of protection of the soil against erosion:
- •5. Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •5.Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •7. Translate the questions and find the answers on them:
- •8. Make up the dialogue using the translated questions and the information from the text.
- •9. Use the Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous of the verbs in brackets:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •9.Open the brackets using the corresponding tense of the verb:
- •10. Translate into English using the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •11.Change the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech:
- •1.Read and define the meaning of the following words:
- •2. Read and remember the following words:
- •3. Give the correspondence:
- •4.Check your knowledge the following words with of the terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text , translate it and give the main idea in two-three sentences:
- •14. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the function of the Participle, Gerund and Verbal Noun.
- •15. Translate into English using the Gerund
4. Translate the following sentences and underline the verb-predicate in the Subjunctive Mood.
1. It is necessary that all the data should be sent to the Weather Bureau. 2. It is very important that you should take part in the discussion. 3. But for you we should not know how to find the way.4. But for the new canal the collective farmers would have no water for irrigation. 5. It would be very interesting to travel in the mountains in summer. 6. According to the laws of physics such experiment should be made in dark room.7. This test should always be applied to thermometers, which are to be employed for very accurate work.8. On the way to Madrid the plane may land at some places. 9. The workers invited the Hindoo guests to our mill so that they might see our new shops. 10. No one knows what effect the conditions in the very high atmosphere may have upon the weather.11. Training in science should help everybody to understand that problems now considered insolvable might be solved in future. 12. Without the Sun there would be no light, no energy of any kind.
5. Translate the following pairs of words, pay attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
Division – subdivision, to appear – to disappear, to impose – to superimpose, to heat - to superheat, to connect – todisconnect, to energize – to deenergize, to magnetise – to demagnetize, to change – to interchange, to lead – to mislead, to determine – to predetermine, to use – tomisuse.
Read and translate the text:
TREELESS CITY
Sit back, relax, close your eyes and come with me on a journey to a srange and different world. Imagine taking a walk down a street on a warm summer day. Everything looks pretty and fresh. Overhead, leafy trees are giving you plenty of nice, cool shade. You hear birds happily chirping high in the branches. The air smells fresh and clean. Off in the distance you see gently rolling green hills. A sparkling stream runs near you. You think you willgo fishing later. People are setting up tables in a nearby park to enjoy a picnic.
The neighbourhood is quiet and peaceful today.
But wait! Something strange is happening. You turn round a corner, and a whole different scene appears. The air is hot, and you cannot find a spot of shade anywhere. Chirping birds and scurrying squirrels are filling, because they have no place to live.
The ground looks sunbaked and dry. The neighborhood doesn’t look very pretty because everything is bare. Dust and soil fly through through the air and make it hard to breathe. The wind blows all the time.
You look at the hillsides in the distance. They are brown and bare, and covered with gullies. When it rains, water rushes down these hillsides, carrying lots of soil with it. The soil ends up everywhere, much of it collecting in streams and lakes. You wonder if the soil buildup is what has been killing fish and making the little stream in you neighborhood its banks.
People in the parks are putting beach umbrellas over their tables to shade their picnics. You hear humming noises everywhere. Air conditioners are working overtime as people try to keep cool.
What has made such a difference in your world? You have the feeling something important is missing – something that used to prevent and correct some of these problems. What is it? What do you think?
What is a world without trees?
A world without trees would be a barren world. Giant dust storms would roll across the countryside blowing away precious topsoil and choking people, plants, and animals. Sunbaked fields could no longer grow enough food to feed the world’s population. Hillsides would wash away, clogging rivers and streams with soil and silt.
Without trees, we would have little protection from summer heat and cold winter winds. Air conditioners would bum precious energy 24 hours a day in the summer, and furnaces would work overtime in winter. People would live much of their lives indoors because life outdoors would be too uncomfortable.
1.After reading the text describe: what you feel, hear, see, and smell when you are in the park/ forest.
2.Answer the questions: What is a green space? Why are green spaces important? Why are their purposes? Explain what is meant by “ green spaces”.
3.Read definitions of the following terms and the accompanying scenarios:
A. Encroachment is the act of seizing someone else’s property. The following scenario is an example: There is an existing park. People live near the boundaries of the park and have a garden in the yard. Since there are no visible boundaries to the park, these people can easily move garden into the park’s property a little bit at a time. After a few years, a park ranger might notice the change. The people will most likely insist that their garden has always been there. How can we prevent this from happening?
B. Littering is the disposing of garbage/ waste in an improper place.
C. Erosion is the destruction of soil by water and wind. It is a natural process that can be exaggerated by people’s activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing and overuse of land
LESSON 70
ECOLOGY IS A PRYORITY
1. Read and define the meaning of the following words having the same root in the Ukrainian words:
ecology, n; dominant, a; ecocyctem, n; catastrophic, a; anthropogenic, a; cycle, n; accumulation, n; aerosol,n; planet,n ; balance, n; stratosphere, n; ultrviolet,a; immune, a; ionizing, a; pathological, a; defect, n; genetically, adv; chronic, a; degeneration, n.
2. Remember pronunciation and translation of these following words and word-combinations:
dangerous – небезпечний, погрозливий
threaten - погрожувати
gradual - поступовий
arid – сухий, безводний, засушливий
melt - танути
capital investment - капіталовкладення
purify - очищати
drug – ліки, медикаменти
vulnerability – чутливість, уразливість
impede – перешкоджати, затримувати
generation – покоління, нащадки
3. Paying attention to the meaning of the suffix, pick out to the Ukrainian words the following English equivalents:
здоровий( health, healthy, healthless); очистка ( purifier, purify, purification); отруйний ( poisoning, poison, poisonous); згубний, руйнівний ( destruction, destructively, destructive); сприятливий ( favour, favourable, unfavourable); родючість ( fertility, fertilizer, fertilize); засушливий ( aridity, aridness, arid); порушення ( disrupt, disruption, disruptive).
4. Find the meaning of the following words and word-combinations in the terminological dictionary and check your understanding these words and word-combinations:
food supply, disruption, layer, unfavourable, fertile, fertility, coastal, health, water body, pest, poison, heredity, hereditary, disease, ozone screen.
5. Translate the following word-combinations:
1.field, forest, garden – pest
2. surface, depletion, oxygen rich – layer
3. unfavourable – weather, climate, changes, heredity
4. dangerous – impact, pollution, disease, consequences, interference
5. disruption – of the temperature regime, in the oxygen balance
6. arid – land, climate, region
7.increasing, chemical, economic – fertility
8. threat – war, extinction, destruction, depletion,a disruption in the oxygen balance