- •1.Read and translate following international words paying attention to the parts of speech.
- •2.Pay attention to meaning of following “false friends of translator” :
- •3.Remember pronunciation and translation of following words and word-combinations from the text:
- •9.Read the text and give its main idea:
- •10.Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •7. Name the English verbs forming the following nouns and translate them:
- •8.Read the text, try to understand its main idea:
- •9.Find the correspondence:
- •10.Using the text answer the question: “ What is the theoretical base for solving ecological problem?”
- •12. Say about the point of view of Western scientists on ecological problem. Make up the dialogue.
- •13.Say what measures are decided for solving ecological problems in our country? What documentreflects this?
- •2. Open the brackets and insert the right form instead of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. State the form of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences and underline the verb-predicate in the Subjunctive Mood.
- •5. Translate the following pairs of words, pay attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
- •6. Read the text and define the main idea:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •18. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meaning words – after, before:
- •19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings: because – тому що, бо; because of – через, завдяки тому що, із-за
- •20. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to - for:
- •21. Point out which of the sentences “ to have, to be “ are used as Modal verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •22. Form the Nouns using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read the following paragraphs of the text and define their main idea.
- •2. Write out from the text and translate the words and word-combinations connecting with the preserving the environment.
- •8. Find the correspondence definitions:
- •8 Read the text and reproduce its main idea:
- •15. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings of “ but”:
- •16. Define the function “for” and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •17. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meanings “ also”.
- •18. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the preposition “by”:
- •19. Form the words using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read and translate the following international words:
- •2. Remember the pronunciation and translation of the following words:
- •4. Check your knowledge the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text and give the main idea:
- •In the end, finelly – нарешті
- •10. Using the rules put the comma into the sentences:
- •5.Read the text and in two-three sentences give its main idea:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the text:
- •7. Complete the following sentences with the phrase from the text:
- •9. Read and discuss:
- •6. Read the text and give its main idea in two-three sentences:
- •3. Form with the help of suffixes –(a) (t) ion or –ment corresponding nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •4. Check your knowledge and uderstanding the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •6. Read the text and say what new information have you got:
- •5.Read the text and name the measures of protection of the soil against erosion:
- •5. Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •5.Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •7. Translate the questions and find the answers on them:
- •8. Make up the dialogue using the translated questions and the information from the text.
- •9. Use the Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous of the verbs in brackets:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •9.Open the brackets using the corresponding tense of the verb:
- •10. Translate into English using the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •11.Change the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech:
- •1.Read and define the meaning of the following words:
- •2. Read and remember the following words:
- •3. Give the correspondence:
- •4.Check your knowledge the following words with of the terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text , translate it and give the main idea in two-three sentences:
- •14. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the function of the Participle, Gerund and Verbal Noun.
- •15. Translate into English using the Gerund
1. Read and translate the following international words:
atmosphere n, troposphere n, stratosphere n, exosphere n, ultraviolet a.
2. Remember the pronunciation and translation of the following words:
breathe – дихати
envelop – оточувати, обкутувати
harmful – шкідливий, згубний
originate-відбуватися, брати початок
altitude – висота
3. Name the verbs from which the following nouns were formed and tanslate them: protaction, variation, container, development, observation, radiation, reflection, location, composition.
4. Check your knowledge the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
vapour, absorption, dispersal, density, mixture, admixture.
5. Read the text and give the main idea:
STRUCTURE AND GAS COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere is not just the air breathed by people, animals and plants. It is also a gaseous substance enveloping the earth, protecting it from abrupt changes in temperature ( without the atmosphere, daily variations in the temperature on the planet would reach 200 C ) and protecting all living things from harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The direct and indirect influences of the atmosphere on man are varied.
The atmosphere consists of the following basic strata:
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The troposphere reaches to a height of 8 to 17 kilometres; it contains 80 per cent of the atmospheric mass and water vapour; the weather phenomena develop in it.
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The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere and reaches to an altitude of about 40 kilometres. The greates concentration of ozone ( O ) is observed in the stratosphere’s upper level.. The ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation and protects life from its harmful effect.
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The ionosphere is the layer above the stratosphere containing highly ionised gas molecules. This layer protects the biosphere from the harmful effect of cosmic radiation and influences the reflection and absorption of radio waves; the northern lights originate here.
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The exosphere is located above the ionosphere and is also known as the dispersal spere, because the gas molecules of this layer are disposed into outer space.
It is impossible to exactly determine the upper limit of the earth’s atmosphere. The higher the altitude the less dense the air. At sufficiently high altitudes, the air density is higher than that of the interplanetary space. Up to 250 kilometres, the atmosphere is composed of the following gases: nitrogen 78.09 per cent( by volume), oxygen 20.95 per cent, argon 0.93 per cent, carbon dioxide 0.03 per cent, as well as small quantities of neon, helium, krypton, xenon, hydrogen and ozone. According toSoviet space research, the principal component of the atmosphere at a height of 250 to 300 kilometres is atomic oxygen. Even higher, beginning at a height of 500 to 600 kilometres, the atmosphere becomes a mixture of helium and hydrogen, and its very outer layer consists of atomic hydrogen.
Besides gases, the atmosphere always contains a certain amount of water vapours and various admixtures.
6. Find in the text the paragraph which is said what layer of the atmosphere defines the weather conditions.
7. Confirm by the facts from the text how the atmosphere layers defend the life on the Earth.
8. Give the definition of the main layers of the atmosphere.
9. Give a title the last but one paragraph from the text.
Вживання коми
В простому поширеному реченні кома ставиться:
1. Для відокремлення однорідних членів речення, на відміну від української мови, часто ставиться також перед останнім з трьох або більше однорідних членів, перед яким стоїть сполучник and і. Наприклад:
There are many theatres, museums, and libraries in London. - В Лондоні багато театрів, музеїв та бібліотек.
2. Для виділення, як і в українській мові, прикладка з пояснювальними словами, які стоять після визначає мого іменника. Наприклад:
Washington, the capital of the USA, is a very large city. - Вашингтон, столиця США , дуже велике місто.
3. Для виділення самостійного дієприкметникового звороту. Наприклад:
It being Sunday, the library was closed. - Так як була неділя, бібліотека була зачинена.
4. Для виділення вставних слів і словосполучень, таких як: however – проте, однак
thus – таким чином
in addition – на додаток
for example – наприклад