- •1.Read and translate following international words paying attention to the parts of speech.
- •2.Pay attention to meaning of following “false friends of translator” :
- •3.Remember pronunciation and translation of following words and word-combinations from the text:
- •9.Read the text and give its main idea:
- •10.Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •7. Name the English verbs forming the following nouns and translate them:
- •8.Read the text, try to understand its main idea:
- •9.Find the correspondence:
- •10.Using the text answer the question: “ What is the theoretical base for solving ecological problem?”
- •12. Say about the point of view of Western scientists on ecological problem. Make up the dialogue.
- •13.Say what measures are decided for solving ecological problems in our country? What documentreflects this?
- •2. Open the brackets and insert the right form instead of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. State the form of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences and underline the verb-predicate in the Subjunctive Mood.
- •5. Translate the following pairs of words, pay attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
- •6. Read the text and define the main idea:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •18. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meaning words – after, before:
- •19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings: because – тому що, бо; because of – через, завдяки тому що, із-за
- •20. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to - for:
- •21. Point out which of the sentences “ to have, to be “ are used as Modal verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •22. Form the Nouns using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read the following paragraphs of the text and define their main idea.
- •2. Write out from the text and translate the words and word-combinations connecting with the preserving the environment.
- •8. Find the correspondence definitions:
- •8 Read the text and reproduce its main idea:
- •15. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings of “ but”:
- •16. Define the function “for” and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •17. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meanings “ also”.
- •18. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the preposition “by”:
- •19. Form the words using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read and translate the following international words:
- •2. Remember the pronunciation and translation of the following words:
- •4. Check your knowledge the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text and give the main idea:
- •In the end, finelly – нарешті
- •10. Using the rules put the comma into the sentences:
- •5.Read the text and in two-three sentences give its main idea:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the text:
- •7. Complete the following sentences with the phrase from the text:
- •9. Read and discuss:
- •6. Read the text and give its main idea in two-three sentences:
- •3. Form with the help of suffixes –(a) (t) ion or –ment corresponding nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •4. Check your knowledge and uderstanding the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •6. Read the text and say what new information have you got:
- •5.Read the text and name the measures of protection of the soil against erosion:
- •5. Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •5.Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •7. Translate the questions and find the answers on them:
- •8. Make up the dialogue using the translated questions and the information from the text.
- •9. Use the Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous of the verbs in brackets:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •9.Open the brackets using the corresponding tense of the verb:
- •10. Translate into English using the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •11.Change the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech:
- •1.Read and define the meaning of the following words:
- •2. Read and remember the following words:
- •3. Give the correspondence:
- •4.Check your knowledge the following words with of the terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text , translate it and give the main idea in two-three sentences:
- •14. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the function of the Participle, Gerund and Verbal Noun.
- •15. Translate into English using the Gerund
In the end, finelly – нарешті
further – далі
on the contrary – навпаки
worst of all – гірш за все
in short – коротко говорячи
besides – крім того
consequently – отже
onthe other hand – з іншого боку
luckily ,fortunately – на щастя
However, there may be a few exceptions. - Однак можуть бути виключення.
5. Виділення звернення, як і в українській мові. Наприклад:
Good morning, children! - Доброго ранку , діти!
6. Перед підписом в кінці листа після заключних формул ввічливості, таких, як:
sincerely yours – щиро Ваш
yours faithfully – відданий Вам
love – з привітом
7. Іноді при написанні багатозначних чисел та дат:
а) При позначенні кількісних числівників за допомогою цифр кожні три розряди ( cправа наліво) відокремлюються комою:3,734; 2, 720,000
б) При написанні дат можливо вживання коми для відокремлення числа від року: тобто
5th June, 1978
Кома не ставиться при написанні дати, якщо вже інша кома:
We went to Japan on Saturday, 5th June 1978.
8. В складносурядному реченні кома за звичай ставиться між реченнями, які входять до його складу, перед сурядним сполучником.
I opened the box, and Michael took out a cigar. - Я відкрив коробку, і Майкл взяв сигару.
9. Кома ставиться в складнопідрядних реченнях тільки в деяких випадках:
- коли підрядне додаткове речення стоїть перед головним:
Where she had left her camera, Ruth could not remember. - Де вона залишила свою камеру, Рут не могла згадати.
- коли визначальне речення є описувальним, тобто містить додаткову інформацію про предмет.
We went to the lake, which was very stormy that day. - Мі пішли до озера, яке в той день було дуже бурхливим.
- коли підрядні речення обставини і умови стоять перед головним.
If I see him, I shall tell him about it. - Як що я його побачу, я скажу йому про це.
10. Using the rules put the comma into the sentences:
1. My father said that I could go out. 2. I shall tell him about it if I see him.3. The teacher told us that the lessons were over. 4. We’ll go home after the lessons over.5. After the lessons are over we’ll go home.6. If I see him I shall tell him about it. 7. He did not see the letters which were lying on the table. 8. The pen (which) I lost was a birthday present. 9. The day when I finish school will be my seventeenth birthday.10. I have lost my new pen, which was a present from my aunt.11. Paris which is so attractive in spring is too hot in summer. 12. What the stranger was trying to say I could not understand. 13. How this happened is not clear to anyone. 14. The trouble is that I’ve lost his address. 15. Ruth could not remember where she had left her camera. 16. I could not understand what the stranger was trying to say. 17. I’d like to become a doctor but I’m sick at the sight of blood. 18. Peter where is your notebook? 19. My best friend for instance has never ridden a bike. 20. Thus that is not the whole story. 21. In other words you refuse to help me.22. The weather being fine they went for a walk.23. My mother’s favourite film “ The Sound of Music” is being shown again at our local cinema. 24. We invited John Alice and Mary.
Тире вживається
1. Тире ставиться перед або після однорідних членів , які перелічуються, якщо вони вживаються з узагальнюючим словом.
We bought some new crockery – cups, saucers, plates, dishes. - Ми купили новий посуд: чашки, блюдця, тарілки, миски.
2. Тире ставиться для виділення в реченні вставного пояснення або визначення. В цьому випадку також можлива кома.
Susan had left all the lights on – another example of her carelessness. - Сьюзен залишила всюди включене світло – ще один приклад її неуважності.
3. Тире вживається для позначення на письмі подовженої паузи з метою скласти неочікуваний ефект. Roger Toynbee was sitting upright in his leather chair – dead. - Роджер Тойнбі сидів прямо в своєму шкіряному кріслі – мертвий.
4. В англійській мові тире не вживається для передачі реплік в діалозі співрозмовників або між словами автора і прямою мовою, як в українській мові.
11.Using the rules put the dash into the sentences.
1. I need some new clothes a couple of shirts, a pair of trousers, and shoes.2. Cameras, binoculars, jewelery, perfume all sorts of expensive goods were hidden in the smuggler’s car.3. My uncle Joe he was himself an excelent swimmer gave a cup for swimming to the school.
Lesson 74
1. Read and translate the following international words:
aeroplankton n, bacterium n, spore n, urbanize v, industrial a, automobile n, component n, toxic a, isotope n.
2 Read and remember the following words:
distinguish – відмічати, розрізняти
erupt – вивергати, викидати
pollen – пильця
refinery – очисний завод
works – технічні споруди
adult – доросла людина
stockpile – накопичувати, робити запаси
3. Check your knowledge and understanding the meaning of the following words in the terminological dictionary:
weather, storm, lightning, wash, fungus, urban, smoke, heat, ash, emission, poisonous, exhaust, diversity.
4. Give the Ukrainian equivalents the following word-combinations:
A: raw materials, blast furnace gases, paper manufacturing enterprises, synthetic fibres, thermal electric plants, low-grade coals, sulphur-containing compounds, convenient means of transport, exhaust gases/fumes, carcinogenic substances, finely dispersed dust;
B: канцерогенні речовини, вихлопні гази, тонко дисперсійний пил, гази доменної печі, сполука, яка містить сірка; комфортний засіб транспорту; низькосортне вугілля, підприємство, яке виробляє папір;сировина, Теплоелектростанції, штучні волокна.