- •1.Read and translate following international words paying attention to the parts of speech.
- •2.Pay attention to meaning of following “false friends of translator” :
- •3.Remember pronunciation and translation of following words and word-combinations from the text:
- •9.Read the text and give its main idea:
- •10.Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •7. Name the English verbs forming the following nouns and translate them:
- •8.Read the text, try to understand its main idea:
- •9.Find the correspondence:
- •10.Using the text answer the question: “ What is the theoretical base for solving ecological problem?”
- •12. Say about the point of view of Western scientists on ecological problem. Make up the dialogue.
- •13.Say what measures are decided for solving ecological problems in our country? What documentreflects this?
- •2. Open the brackets and insert the right form instead of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. State the form of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences and underline the verb-predicate in the Subjunctive Mood.
- •5. Translate the following pairs of words, pay attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
- •6. Read the text and define the main idea:
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •18. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meaning words – after, before:
- •19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings: because – тому що, бо; because of – через, завдяки тому що, із-за
- •20. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to - for:
- •21. Point out which of the sentences “ to have, to be “ are used as Modal verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •22. Form the Nouns using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read the following paragraphs of the text and define their main idea.
- •2. Write out from the text and translate the words and word-combinations connecting with the preserving the environment.
- •8. Find the correspondence definitions:
- •8 Read the text and reproduce its main idea:
- •15. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the different meanings of “ but”:
- •16. Define the function “for” and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •17. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the meanings “ also”.
- •18. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the preposition “by”:
- •19. Form the words using the following suffixes and translate them:
- •1. Read and translate the following international words:
- •2. Remember the pronunciation and translation of the following words:
- •4. Check your knowledge the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text and give the main idea:
- •In the end, finelly – нарешті
- •10. Using the rules put the comma into the sentences:
- •5.Read the text and in two-three sentences give its main idea:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the text:
- •7. Complete the following sentences with the phrase from the text:
- •9. Read and discuss:
- •6. Read the text and give its main idea in two-three sentences:
- •3. Form with the help of suffixes –(a) (t) ion or –ment corresponding nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •4. Check your knowledge and uderstanding the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
- •5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •6. Read the text and say what new information have you got:
- •5.Read the text and name the measures of protection of the soil against erosion:
- •5. Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •5.Read the text and make up the plan to it:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •7. Translate the questions and find the answers on them:
- •8. Make up the dialogue using the translated questions and the information from the text.
- •9. Use the Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous of the verbs in brackets:
- •10 Use the Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect of the verbs in the brackets and translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using the corresponding Tenses:
- •9.Open the brackets using the corresponding tense of the verb:
- •10. Translate into English using the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •11.Change the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech:
- •1.Read and define the meaning of the following words:
- •2. Read and remember the following words:
- •3. Give the correspondence:
- •4.Check your knowledge the following words with of the terminological dictionary:
- •5. Read the text , translate it and give the main idea in two-three sentences:
- •14. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the function of the Participle, Gerund and Verbal Noun.
- •15. Translate into English using the Gerund
3. Form with the help of suffixes –(a) (t) ion or –ment corresponding nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
reconstruct,replace, introduce, develop, consume, discuss, preserve, coordinate, deplete, cooperate, evaporate.
4. Check your knowledge and uderstanding the following words with the help of terminological dictionary:
effluent, cleanse, crop, loss, area, impact, aeration, permafrost, sewage.
5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
A: cleaning system, industrial wastewater, waste-free system, key consumer, pros and cons, abundant crops, inflict damage, irrigated area, never-ending sources, far-sighted attitude, annual rainfall, artificial cloud control, additional precipitation, arid area, hardy crops, low-salinity sea-water, closed production cycle, urban water, recirculated water system, industrial and domestic effluent, per capita daily water consumption, city aeration, desalination plant, river runoff, permafrost zones;
B: зрошувальні площини, доводи за і проти, наносити збиток, нескінченні ресурси, безвідходна система, система очистки, головний споживач, щорічна кількість опадів, багаті врожаї, далекоглядне ставлення, промислові стічні води, щоденне споживання води на душу населення, міська вода, система рециркульованої води, річний стік, промислові і міські очищені води, контроль за утворенням штучної хмари, міські станції аерації води, зони багаторічної мерзлоти, стійкі врожаї, морська вода з низькою наявністю солей, додаткові опади, посушливий район, замкнений цикл виробництва, завод (пристрій) по знесоленню води, очисні спорудження.
6. Read the text and say what new information have you got:
TIME TO SAVE MANKIND FROM THIRST?
Of the 10 years which form the un-declared Drinking Water Decade three have already passed. Mankind has accumulated a considerable experience. Several schemes which appears to be promising have failed to justify themselves.These include artificial cloud control with a view to obtaining additional precipitation. The thus provoked rains frequently fall where they are not needed.
The shortage of fresh water is also due to the fact that 80 per cent of it is diverted to the irrigation of fields ( 250 million hectares of agricultural land, almost 100 million of which fall to the share of the developing countries). Meanwhile stable crops can also be obtained inother equally effective ways – by employing agricultural practices designed specially for arid and by choosing the most hardy crops and their varieties. An interesting experience is that of some Baltic farms, which have introduced irrigation by low-salinity sea water.
It is absolutely inadmissible to dump uncleaned sewage into rivers and lakes. The most effective method of protecting the water environment is to shift to a closed production cycle. This offers a triple advantage: saving of water (cleaned, it can be reused), opening the way for extracting valuable substances from the wastes and ruling out harm to nature.
Today water recycling in industrial enterprises is a reality. In the former Soviet Union, for instance, recirculated water systems are already functioning in many plants and factories. The volume of recirculated water supply in our country has reached per cent of the total of fresh water used infilling production requirements.
Technological progress makes possible the constant improvement of urban water-supply systems as well.In Ukraine more than griven are spent annualy on construction of purifiers. Now the scale of cleansing structures inmost of our large cities makes it possible to process all industrial and domestic effluent. However, cities expand and with them water consumption also expands.
Near – Fantastic Projects
Man has long turned his eyes to the immense water resources of the oceans and seas. A;as, their water is undrinkable, but in our time topping up of fresh water reserves by desalination has ceased to be a dream. Several desalination plants are already operating on some islands of the West Indies, in the Middle East and the United States. In Russia on the deserted coast of the Caspian Sea ( the Manyshlak Peninsula ) the modern city of Shevchenko has sprung up. Each of its 120.000 inhabitants uses a daily 400 litres of fresh water obtained with the aid of the world’s largest desalination plant.
Many bold original projects are designed to resolve the fresh water problem on a world scale. One proposal is to tow icebergs in order to provide water to the arid areas of Australia, South America< Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The Antarctic ice cap releases into the ocean at least 2.400 cubic kilometres of crystalclear fresh water annually.
Another proposal is to transport fresh water in tanks tied into garlands each holding 25.000 cubic metres of water.
7. Name all ways to solving the problem of fresh water.
8. Explain the most effective method of the protection of water resources
9. Explain how one can solve the problem of expanding of water consumption in big cities.
10. What way is soved the problem of water desalinationin some countries,
11. Say in detail about the ways of solving the problem of fresh water in the world scale, which you have read in this text.
LESSON 80
1. Read and define the meaning of the following words:
storm n, period n, stable a, balance n, correct a, exploration n, regulate v, permanent a, aesthetic a, dust n.
2. Read and remember the following words:
destroy – розрушати
improper – неправильний
sparse – рідкий ( про населення ), розкиданий
irretrievable – непоправний
steep – крутий
heap – куча
excessive – посилений, надлишковий
cattle – худоба
prohibit – забороняти
ban – забороняти
danger – небезпека
meadow – луки
harm – причиняти шкоду
3. Check your knowledge the following words with the terminological dictionary:
slope, measure, avalanche, mountain, gorge, foam, grasing, denuded, felling rock, ore, dam, flood, sand, silt, habitat
4. Give the correspondence:
1 dust storm 1 еродовані ( розмиті ) грунти)
2 eroded soils 2 дно річки
3 anti-erosion measures 3 пилова буря
4 mud avalanche 4 ґрунти на заливних землях
5 dust analanche 5 захисні дамби
6 fertile lands 6 відпрацьована руда
7 plant resources 7 пилова лавина
8 random felling of trees 8 селевий потік, селі
9 refuse ore 9 родючі землі
10 check dams 10невпорядкована вирубка дерев
11 river bed 11 заходи проти ерозії ґрунту
12 floodland soil 12 лісозахисна зона, лісна зона
13 forest belt 13 рослинні ресурси